Demographics of Somalia: Difference between revisions

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	The '''Demography of ]''' describes the condition and overview of Somalia's peoples. Demographic topics include basic education, health, and population statistics as well as identified racial and religious affiliations.

	==Ethnic groups==
	] map shows the distribution of Somali clan populations across the ] homelands, and their percentages within ]: ] (25%), ] (22%), ] (20%), ] (17%), ] (7%), ] (3%), and ] (6%)]]

	The ] groupings of the ] are important social units and clan membership plays an important part in Somali ] and ]. Clans are ] and are often divided into sub-clans, sometimes with many sub-divisions.

	In traditional Somali society, marriage was often to someone from another clan (]) but during the 20th century ] this seems to have become the exception rather than the rule.<ref name="L&S">Laitin, David D. & ] (1987). ''Somalia: Nation in Search of a State'', Colorado: Westview Press. ISBN 0-86531-555-8</ref>

	===Hierarchy of clans===
	]
	Certain clans are traditionally classed as "noble clans", referring to the belief that they share a common Somali ancestry, whereas some minority clans are believed to have mixed parentage.<ref name="L&S"/> The noble clans are believed to be descended from ''Samaale'' (or ''Samale''), and are sometimes referred to collectively by this name. The four noble clans are ], ], ], and ].<ref name="L&S"/> Of these, the Darod, Dir, and Hawiye trace their descent from Samaale through ].<ref name="L&S"/> "Sab" is the term used to refer to minority clans in contrast to Samaale.<ref name="L&S"/>

	The Digil and Mirifle/] are ]-] clans in the area between the ] and ]s. They occupy a kind of second tier in the Somali social system.<ref name="L&S"/> They do not follow a ]ic lifestyle, live further south and speak a group of ] (]) which have recently been classified as a separate language and so they have been isolated to some extent from the mainstream of Somali society.<ref name="L&S"/>

	A third tier, the occupational clans, have sometimes been treated as ]s, because traditionally they could only marry among themselves and other Somalis considered them to be ritually unclean.<ref name="L&S"/> They lived in their own settlements among the nomadic populations in the north and performed specialised occupations such as ], ] and ].<ref name="L&S"/> Minority clans and other ethnic groups make up 6% of the population. These include ethnic ]s such as the ], ], ], ] and ] as well as other ethnic minority groups such as the ] (Jareerweyne); ], ], and other ]; and ]. The ], who live in the southwest, are also a minority group.

	===Clan and sub-clan groupings===
	There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures. The divisions and subdivisions as given here are partial and simplified. Many lineages are omitted. Note that some sources state that the Rahanweyn group is made up of the Digil and Mirifle clans, whereas others list the Digil as a separate group from the Rahanweyn. (For a comparison of different views on the clan-lineage-structures in Somalia see ''Conflict in Somalia''.)<ref>Worldbank, 2005, p. 56</ref>

	*]
	** ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].

	*]
	** ], ], ], ] and ] (Ciise).

	*]
	** ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] (Sheikhal),<ref name="dispute">Note that some Sheikhals, claim they are part of the larger Hawiye group, while others dispute this.{{Fact\|date=March 2008}}</ref> ], ] and ].

	*]
	** ], ], ] (which is split into ] and ]), ] and ].

	*]
	**Digil: ] and ].
	**Mirifle: ] and ].

	*Minority clans
	** ], ], ], ], ]<ref name="dispute" /> and ].

	==Demographic data from the CIA World Factbook==
	] market]]
	===Population===
	8,863,338

	===Age structure===
	''0-14 years:''
	44.4% (male 1,973,294; female 1,961,083)
	<br>''15-64 years:''
	53% (male 2,355,861; female 2,342,988)
	<br>''65 years and over:''
	2.6% (male 97,307; female 132,805) (2006 est.)

	===Population growth rate===
	2.85% (2006 est.)

	===Birth rate===
	40 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) Darood is 30%

	===Death rate===
	16.63 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)

	===Net migration rate===
	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)

	===Sex ratio===
	''at birth:''
	1.03 male(s)/female
	<br>''under 15 years:''
	1.01 male(s)/female
	<br>''15-64 years:''
	1.01 male(s)/female
	<br>''65 years and over:''
	0.73 male(s)/female
	<br>''total population:''
	1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

	===Infant mortality rate===
	114.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)

	===Life expectancy at birth===
	''total population:''
	48.90 years
	<br>''male:''
	46.71 years
	<br>''female:''
	50.28 years (2006 est.)

	===Total fertility rate===
	6.76 children born/woman (2006 est.)

	===Nationality===
	''noun:''
	Somali(s)
	<br>''adjective:''
	Somali

	===Ethnic groups===
	] 85%; ], ] and other non-Somali 15%

	===Religions===
	]

	===Languages===
	] (official), ], ], ]

	===Literacy===
	''definition:''
	age 15 and over can read and write
	<br>''total population:''
	7.8%
	<br>''male:''
	9.7%
	<br>''female:''
	5.8% (2001 est.)

	==See also==
	*]
	*] (of Somalia)
	*]
	*]
	*]
	*]
	== References ==
	<references/>
	*{{CIAfb}}
	==Sources==
	*'''', Worldbank, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts
	*, Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Somalia Assessment 2001
	*, Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Somalia Assessment 2001
	*Somalia Tribal Study, 2005

	==External links==
	* , from "Reunification of the Somali People", Jack L. Davies

	{{Africa in topic\|Demographics of}}

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Revision as of 22:31, 28 July 2008

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Demographics of Somalia