| Revision as of 19:30, 27 January 2004 view sourceAltenmann (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers218,878 edits revert myself: unify link (although missing)← Previous edit | Revision as of 14:02, 14 February 2004 view source TOttenville8 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users4,677 edits Crown Heights added to list of recent pogromsNext edit → | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
| Modern examples of pogroms include those of | Modern examples of pogroms include those of | ||
| * ] in the ] section of ]. The incident began when a ] ] motorist accidentally struck and killed Gavin Cato, a seven-year-old ] boy. In revenge, an angry mob of black youths began assaulting Jews in the neighborhood, the population of which was about evenly divided between blacks and mostly Hasidic Jews; in one such attack, ], a 29-year-old rabbinical student visiting from ], was stabbed to death, and an undetermined number of Jews were seriously injured as the assaults continued for four consecutive nights (a non-Jewish motorist who had apparently gotten lost in the neighborhood, Anthony Graziosi, was also fatally attacked, apparently because he was wearing a beard and dark clothing and was thus mistaken for a Hasidic Jew). | |||
| * ] - in Yasenevo market in ] against merchants from the ] countries. | * ] - in Yasenevo market in ] against merchants from the ] countries. | ||
| * ] - in Tsaritsyno market in ]. | * ] - in Tsaritsyno market in ]. | ||
Revision as of 14:02, 14 February 2004
The Russian word pogrom ("погром") denotes a massive violent attack on people with simultaneous destroying of their environment (homes, businesses, religious centers). Historically the term has been used to denote massive acts of violence, either spontaneous or premeditated, against Jews and other ethnic minorities living in Europe.
History
The word became international after 1881-1884 wave of Jewish pogroms swept southern Russia, causing world-wide outcry and propelling mass Jewish emigration. According to the records of the history of the Jews in the United States, the Jewish immigration from Russia increased drastically in these years, totalling to about 2 million of Russian Jews in period 1880-1920. At least some of pogroms are believed to be organized or supported by the Russian okhranka. Although no hard evidence is presented so far, such facts as the indifference of Russian police and army was duly noted, e.g., during the three-day First Kishinev pogrom of 1903, as well as the preceding inciting anti-Jewish articles in newspapers, hint that pogroms were in line with the internal policy of the Imperial Russia.
Many pogroms accompanied the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the following Russian Civil War. From one hand, wealthy Jews shared the fate of other wealthy people of Russia. On the other hand, Jewish settlements have undergone pogroms by the White Army, acted in the accord with their "Jewish-Bolshevik plot" view of the Russian Revolution, derived from active Jewish participation in Bolshevik movement.
There is another, less known consequence of pogroms. During their two-thousand-year history of wandering the only defence of Jews was to fly. The second Kishinev pogrom have seen an organization of Jewish self-defence, which effectively stopped the pogromists in certain areas.
Modern usage
Other peoples suffered this kind of ill fate, at various times and in different countries. Therefore this word is seen today to be used in contexts other than Jews in Russia. For example, the Kristallnacht in Nazi Germany is now usually called Pogromnacht.
Modern examples of pogroms include those of
- August 19, 1991 in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, New York. The incident began when a Hasidic Jeiwsh motorist accidentally struck and killed Gavin Cato, a seven-year-old African American boy. In revenge, an angry mob of black youths began assaulting Jews in the neighborhood, the population of which was about evenly divided between blacks and mostly Hasidic Jews; in one such attack, Yankel Rosenbaum, a 29-year-old rabbinical student visiting from Australia, was stabbed to death, and an undetermined number of Jews were seriously injured as the assaults continued for four consecutive nights (a non-Jewish motorist who had apparently gotten lost in the neighborhood, Anthony Graziosi, was also fatally attacked, apparently because he was wearing a beard and dark clothing and was thus mistaken for a Hasidic Jew).
- 21 Apr 2001 - in Yasenevo market in Moscow against merchants from the Caucasus countries.
- 30 Oct 2001 - in Tsaritsyno market in Moscow.
- Acitation from : Not only did India’s BJP Prime Minister, Atal Biharee Vajpayee, fail to condemn Modi and the Gujarati state government for their role in organizing the Muslim pogroms...
Related articles
History of the Jews in Russia and Soviet Union - anti-Semitism - Race riot - Armenian genocide