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| {{Infobox Former Country | |||
| |native_name = ''Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie'' <small>(])</small><br>''Fürstbistum Ermland'' <small>(])</small><br> ''Dioecesis Varmiensis'' <small>(])</small><br> | |||
| |conventional_long_name = Episcopal Prince-Bishopric of Warmia (sometime incorrectly referred to as duchy) | |||
| |common_name = Ermland/Latin: Warmia | |||
| | | |||
| |continent = Europe | |||
| |region = Baltic | |||
| |country = Prussia than since 1466 ]. From 1772 in ] | |||
| |era = Middle Ages | |||
| |status = Prussian bishopric since 1243-1356 under ] | |||
| |status_text = 1243 Bishopric, 1356 ]ric under Archbishopric ], 1512 Exempt under Pope | |||
| |empire = | |||
| |government_type = Theocracy | |||
| | | |||
| |year_start = 1243 | |||
| |year_end = 1772 | |||
| | | |||
| |event_start = | |||
| |date_start = Prussian Bishopric 1243 Arch-Bishopric 1356, from 1466 in the ] | |||
| |event1 = Prussian Bishopric founded as<br> protectorate of ] | |||
| |date_event1 = 1243 | |||
| |event2 = Gained '']'' | |||
| |date_event2 = 1356 | |||
| |event3 = ] to the<br> protectorate of ] | |||
| |date_event3 = 1479 | |||
| |event4 = <br> by ] | |||
| |date_event4 = 1525 | |||
| |event_end = ] by ] | |||
| |date_end = August 5 | |||
| | | |||
| |p1 = ''Fürstbistum Ermland'' Ermland/Prince-Bishopric Warmia | |||
| |image_p1 = ] | |||
| |s1 = Kingdom of Prussia | |||
| |flag_s1 = Flag of Prussia (1750).gif | |||
| | | |||
| |image_flag = | |||
| |image_coat = POL Księstwo Warmińskie IRP COA.svg | |||
| |image_map = KsięstwoWarmińskieIRP.png | |||
| |image_map_caption = Exempt Prince-Bishopric of Warmia in 1635. (In red on a map of the ]) | |||
| | | |||
| |capital = 1243-1945 Frauenburg, since 1972 ] (Allenstein) |latd=53 |latm=47 |latNS=N |longd=20 |longm=30 |longEW=E | |||
| |common_languages = ], ] and ] | |||
| |religion = ] | |||
| |currency = | |||
| }} | |||
| The '''Fürstbistum Ermland''' (translation:) '''Prince-Bishopric of Warmia''', sometimes incorrectly compared to a Duchy'' as Episcopal Duchy of Warmia <ref>{{cite book |title=Parallax |last=Hirshfeld |first=Alan |authorlink= |coauthors= |year= |publisher=Macmillan |location= |isbn=9780716737117 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=8Gskt6uKd3wC&pg=PA36&vq=episcopal+duchy+of+Warmia&source=gbs_search_r&cad=0_1&sig=ACfU3U2NOAHpwQ2EmHtdTDXeKdUjLyGwAQ}}</ref> ({{lang-pl|Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie}})<ref></ref> ({{lang-de|Fürstbistum Ermland}}) <ref></ref>, (incorrectly '''Duchy of Warmia''') or the '''Bishopric of Warmia''' was a separate Prussian bishopric under jurisdiction of ] that was a protectorate of the ] and a protectorate of ] after the ] in 1466 <ref>{{cite book |title=A Concise History of Poland |last=Lukowski |first=Jerzy |authorlink= |coauthors=Hubert Zawadzki |year=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= |isbn=9780521853323 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HMylRh-wHWEC&pg=PA48&dq=1466+thorn+Ermeland+date:1950-2008&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=fvDRSNrnI6eSjgGa0NHmAw&sig=ACfU3U3JmCkeePd2_6KkeCLiooSaA-56Hg}}</ref> | |||
| ] province ] from 1466 to 1772]] | |||
| In 1477 as a prince-bishopric it accepted the King of Hungary as protector instead of the King of Poland, who was by agreement supposed to protect Ermland, but instead invaded with his military, in order to conquer it. After several military attacks and heavy descruction by Poland, the Ermland prince-bishop chapter was forced to accept nominal protection by the king of Poland again. | |||
| After the ] in 1569, the ] became a part of the ] province and therefore of ] within the ], however it remained an exemt bishopric directly under the pope. | |||
| ==History== | |||
| Along with ], ], and ], Ermland Latin: Warmia was one of four dioceses in Prussia created in 1243 by the ] ]. The four Prussian bishoprics were under the jurisdiction of the ]. | |||
| After the ] in 1410, both the Sambian and Warmian bishops paid temporary homage to ] of Poland and Lithuania. | |||
| The ] removed the bishopric from the protectorship of the Teutonic Knights and placed it under the protectorship of the ]. The bishops insisted on their imperial privileges and continued ruling the territory as ]s although the Polish king did not like to share this point of view. This led to conflict when the Polish king claimed the right to name the bishops, as he did in the ]. The chapter did not accept this and elected ] as bishop, which led to the ] (''Warmia Stift Feud'', 1467-1479) between King ] (1447–1492) and Nikolaus von Tüngen (1467-89) who was supported by the Teutonic Order and King ]. | |||
| After bringing several wars and devastation and for that being reprimanded by the pope, the Polish king finally accepted Tüngen as prince-bishop in the ], while Tüngen inversely accepted the Polish king as "protector" and obliged the chapter to elect only candidates approved by the Polish king. However, when Tüngen died in 1489, the chapter honored the wishes of von Tüngen and elected ] as bishop and ] supported Watzenrode against the wishes of ], who preferred his son Frederic. This problem finally led to the exemption of the bishopric in 1512 by ]. In the ] (], ]) Warmia conceded to King ] the limited right to propose four candidates to the chapter for the election. | |||
| By 1525 the Bishopric of Warmia had lost two-thirds of its parishes due to to the inhabitants for the most part becoming protestants and the Order's Grand Master ] secularized the Order's remaining Prussian territories to create the ] during the ]. | |||
| After the ] the later cardinal ] (1551-79) held a diocesan synode (1565) and the same year he brought the ] to Braunsberg. While nearly all of Prussia took on evangelical Protestant religion, the prince-bishops Hosius and Cromer and the Jesuits were instrumental in keeping or regaining much of Warmia's population to Catholicism. The Congregation of St. Catherine, founded at Braunsberg by ], engaged in education, especially schooling for girls. | |||
| Several times in the 17th and early 18th centuries Ermland/Warmia was exposed to fighting between Polish and ] troops in the ] mostly on Prussian soil. | |||
| By the late 18th century, the prince-bishop was an '']'' ] of the ] <reference?>. | |||
| As a result of the ] in 1772, Warmia was incorporated into the ]'s ] as ] of Ermland. Under the ] in 1945 Ermeland returned to Poland. In 1972 it was again a Polish bishopric of Warmia which in 1992 became ]. <ref>{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements | |||
| |last=Osmańczyk |first=Edmund Jan |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2003 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location= |isbn=9780415939218 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aiIOW0LOdKgC&pg=PA653&dq=1772+1945+Warmia+(Ermeland&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=gPLRSIPrMo3wjAHwztTmAw&sig=ACfU3U074b7Y9710Q1sX1l7jk-d7GB_Dkg}}</ref> | |||
| == See also == | |||
| * ] | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| {{Administrative division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 03:40, 13 October 2008
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