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Revision as of 09:29, 4 January 2004

 This article is part of the
History of Russia series.
Early Russian East Slavs
Kievan Rus'
Khazaria
Muscovy
Mongol invasion of Russia
Imperial Russia
Russian Revolution
 Russian Civil War
Soviet Union
Collapse of the Soviet Union
Commonwealth of Independent States
History of post-communist Russia
List of famous Russians

Khazaria also known as Khazar khaganate was the country of the Khazars, neighboring the Byzantine Empire in the southwest, Kievan Rus' in the northwest, and Azerbaijan in the southeast. This Turkic people adopted Judaism in the 8th or 9th century.

As an independent state, Khazaria existed between about 652 and 1016. Its supreme ruler was known by the title "khagan". Its last khagan was named George Tsul. Much of Khazaria was covered by steppe land. Khazaria bordered the Caspian Sea and Black Sea. The Volga River passed through eastern Khazaria.

Major cities of Khazaria included:

Along the Caspian coast and Volga delta --
Atil
Khazaran
Samandar
In the Caucasus --
Balanjar
Sambalut
Samiran
Sarir
Maghas (Alan capital)
Sukhumi (Abkhazian capital)
In the Crimea and Taman region --
Kerch (also called Bospor)
Feodosia
Mangup (also called Doros)
Samkarsh (also called Tmutorokan, Tamatarkha)
Sudak (also called Sugdaia)
In the Don valley --
Sarkel

External link