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| ==Career== | ==Career== | ||
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| ===Writing success=== | |||
| In September 1953 Golding sent the typescript of a book to ] of London. Initially rejected by a reader there, the book was championed by Charles Monteith, then a new editor at the firm. He asked for various cuts in the text and the novel was published in September 1954 as '']''. It was shortly followed by other novels, including '']'', '']'', and '']''. | |||
| Publishing success made it possible for Golding to resign his teaching post at ] in 1961, and he spent that academic year in the United States as writer-in-residence at ] near ]. Having moved in 1958 from ] to nearby ], he met his fellow villager and walking companion ]. The two discussed Lovelock's ] that the living matter of the planet ] functions like a single organism, and Golding suggested naming this hypothesis after ], the goddess of the earth in Greek mythology. | |||
| In 1970 Golding was ], but lost to the politician and leader of the Liberal Party, ]. Golding won the ] in 1979, the ] in 1980, and in 1983 he was awarded the ]. He was knighted by ] in 1988. | |||
| ===Fiction=== | ===Fiction=== | ||
Revision as of 19:07, 6 November 2008
| Willy Golding | |
|---|---|
| File:William Golding.jpeg | |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Nationality | British |
| Genre | allegory, essay |
| Notable works | Lord of the Flies |
| Notable awards | Nobel Prize in Literature 1983 |
| Signature | |
 | |
Sir William Gerald Golding (19 September, 1911 – 19 June, 1993) was a British novelist, poet and Nobel Prize for Literature laureate best known for his novel Lord of the Flies. He was also awarded the Booker Prize for literature in 1980, for his novel Rites of Passage, the first book of the trilogy To the Ends of the Earth.
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Career
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Fiction
Golding's often allegorical fiction makes broad use of allusions to classical literature, mythology, and Christian symbolism. No distinct thread unites his novels, and the subject matter and technique vary. However his novels are often set in closed communities such as islands, villages, monasteries, groups of hunter-gatherers, ships at sea or a pharaoh's court. His first novel, Lord of the Flies (1954; film, 1963 and 1990; play, adapted by Nigel Williams, 1995), dealt with an unsuccessful struggle against barbarism and war, thus showing the ambiguity and fragility of civilization. It has also been said that it is an allegory of World War II. The Inheritors (1955) looked back into prehistory, advancing the thesis that humankind's evolutionary ancestors, "the new people" (generally identified with homo sapiens sapiens), triumphed over a gentler race (generally identified with Neanderthals) as much by violence and deceit as by natural superiority. The Spire 1964 follows the building (and near collapse) of a huge spire onto a medieval cathedral church (generally assumed to be Salisbury Cathedral; the church and the spire itself act as a potent symbols both of the dean's highest spiritual aspirations and of his worldly vanities. His 1954 novel Pincher Martin concerns the last moments of a sailor thrown into the north Atlantic after his ship is attacked. The structure is echoed by that of the later Booker Prize winner by Yann Martel, Life of Pi. The 1967 novel The Pyramid comprises three separate stories linked by a common setting (a small English town in the 1920s) and narrator. The Scorpion God (1971) is a volume of three short novels set in a prehistoric African hunter-gatherer band ('Clonk, Clonk'), an ancient Egyptian court ('The Scorpion God') and the court of a roman emperor ('Envoy Extraordinary'). The last of these is a reworking of his 1958 play The Brass Butterfly.
Golding's later novels include Darkness Visible (1979), The Paper Men (1984), and the comic-historical sea trilogy To the Ends of the Earth (BBC TV 2005), comprising the Booker Prize-winning Rites of Passage (1980), Close Quarters (1987), and Fire Down Below (1989).
Lord of the Flies
Main article: Lord of the Flies
The book is about a group of boys who are stranded on a tropical island without any adults. At first they seem very excited about the situation and vote for one of the boys, Ralph, to be their leader. Another one of the boys, Jack, leaves the group to form his own tribe, which becomes more and more violent and obsessed with hunting pigs and the so-called beast that the boys believe lives on the island. At the end of the book, they try to kill Ralph before they are all rescued by a naval officer. The title of the book comes from a direct translation of the Latin word Beelzebub, meaning the devil. Ralph, the main character in the story, is a fair and decent boy; he is the only boy who will listen to Piggy. Piggy is an overweight boy who is made fun of by everyone else for being fat and because he wears glasses and suffers from asthma, even though he is smarter than the rest, and is the brains behind most of Ralph's ideas.
Ralph continually stresses to them the importance of making a signal fire on top of the mountain, so that any passing ships might see the smoke and come to rescue them. He tells the boys, "The fire is the most important thing on the island. How can we ever be rescued except by luck, if we don't keep a fire going?" The rest of the boys become more savage and are more interested in hunting than keeping the fire going. There is also the added threat that the boys believe there is a 'beastie' on the island. Simon is the only one who eventually deduces that the beast is human, and inside them. When Simon crawls out from the forest in the dark to tell the others, the boys believe he is the beast, and Ralph and Piggy join in as they beat him to death with their bare hands.
Out of all of the boys the one who changes the most on the island is Jack. He was head boy in his choir, who soon become the hunters, and he is more persistent than Ralph in his desire to become the chief, saying "I ought to be chief, because I'm chapter chorister and head boy". Jack also has an unpleasant personality, expressed when saying "Shut up, Fatty." to Piggy. Jack shows his savageness very early on and later develops an even darker personality. While Jack was at first unable to kill a pig, because of the "knife cutting into living flesh.", he later begins to enjoy the hunting of the pigs with a spear, and is not at all upset by the deaths of other boys. When Piggy falls to his death after being knocked off a cliff, Jack screams "That's what you'll get! I meant that!" In the end everyone but Piggy and Simon, who was killed by Jack's tribe, are lured to join them either by the knowledge that the hunters would provide them with meat, or are tortured and bullied into joining them.
The boys are rescued by a British navy officer; he thinks that the boys are playing a wild game when he arrives. Ironically, his ship, a cruiser, symbolizes the boys' violent behavior on the island as the ship is heading towards the enemy.
Major works
- Poems (1934)
- Lord of the Flies (1954)
- The Inheritors (1955)
- Pincher Martin (1956)
- The Brass Butterfly (play) (1958)
- Free Fall (1959)
- The Spire (1964)
- The Hot Gates (essays) (1965)
- The Pyramid (1967)
- The Scorpion God (1971)
- Darkness Visible (1979)
- A Moving Target (essays) (1982)
- The Paper Men (1984)
- An Egyptian Journal (1985)
- To the Ends of the Earth (trilogy)
- Rites of Passage (1980)
- Close Quarters (1987)
- Fire Down Below (1989)
- The Double Tongue (posthumous) (1996)
See also
References
External links
- The Spire a sixth form perspective at William Howard School
- Golding's Life and work reviewed at the Educational Paperback Association
- Biography of William Golding at the Nobel Prize website
- Interview by Mary Lynn Scott- Universal Pessimist, Cosmic Optimist
- Faber and Faber - UK publisher of William Golding
- William Golding Ltd Website of Golding family.
- Last Words An account of Golding's last evening by D.M. Thomas - Guardian - Saturday 10 June 2006 (Review Section)
- Oxford Dictionary of National Biography article by Kevin McCarron (online edn, May 2006), Golding, Sir William Gerald (1911–1993)
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