| Revision as of 10:59, 15 November 2008 edit218.102.133.165 (talk)No edit summary← Previous edit | Revision as of 09:12, 16 November 2008 edit undoTennis expert (talk | contribs)24,261 edits Undid revision 251934929 by 2008Olympian (talk) There is no consensus to remove existing date links.Next edit → | ||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
| | doublestitles = 7 | | doublestitles = 7 | ||
| | highestdoublesranking = - | | highestdoublesranking = - | ||
| | updated = 4 February 2007 | | updated = ] ] | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Evonne Fay Goolagong Cawley''', ], ] (born 31 July 1951 in ], ], Australia) is a former World No. 1 Australian female ] player. She was one of the world's leading players in the 1970s and early 1980s, when she won 14 ] titles: seven in singles (four ], two ] and one ]), six in women's doubles, and one in mixed doubles. | '''Evonne Fay Goolagong Cawley''', ], ] (born ] ] in ], ], Australia) is a former World No. 1 Australian female ] player. She was one of the world's leading players in the 1970s and early 1980s, when she won 14 ] titles: seven in singles (four ], two ] and one ]), six in women's doubles, and one in mixed doubles. | ||
| ==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
| Line 58: | Line 58: | ||
| Many tennis writers and publications ranked Goolagong as ] for 1971, including ] of '']'', ] of '']'' magazine, ] of the '']'', '']'', and ] of '']''. ] of the '']'' and ] ranked Goolagong second, after ]. | Many tennis writers and publications ranked Goolagong as ] for 1971, including ] of '']'', ] of '']'' magazine, ] of the '']'', '']'', and ] of '']''. ] of the '']'' and ] ranked Goolagong second, after ]. | ||
| Although she played at her highest level in the early-to-mid 1970s, the ] computer, which began in 1973, did not list her as ever holding the World No. 1 ranking until 2007. In December 2007, the WTA realized that the rankings for 1976 were miscalculated. When the records were corrected, the WTA announced that Goolagong had briefly supplanted ] as World No. 1 following Goolagong's victory at the 1976 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles tournament. Goolagong held the top ranking from 26 April 1976, through 9 May 1976, after which Evert reassumed that ranking.<ref></ref> | Although she played at her highest level in the early-to-mid 1970s, the ] computer, which began in 1973, did not list her as ever holding the World No. 1 ranking until 2007. In December 2007, the WTA realized that the rankings for 1976 were miscalculated. When the records were corrected, the WTA announced that Goolagong had briefly supplanted ] as World No. 1 following Goolagong's victory at the 1976 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles tournament. Goolagong held the top ranking from ] ], through ] ], after which Evert reassumed that ranking.<ref></ref> | ||
| == Grand Slam singles finals == | == Grand Slam singles finals == | ||
| Line 314: | Line 314: | ||
| | after = Chris Evert | | after = Chris Evert | ||
| | title = ] | | title = ] | ||
| | years = 26 April 1976 - 10 May 1976 | | years = ] ] - ] ] | ||
| | }} | | }} | ||
| {{s-ach | aw }} | {{s-ach | aw }} | ||
Revision as of 09:12, 16 November 2008
| Country (sports) |  Australia |
|---|---|
| Residence | Australia |
| Height | 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) |
| Turned pro | 1971 |
| Retired | 1983 |
| Plays | Right-handed |
| Prize money | US$1,399,431 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 704–165 |
| Career titles | 68 |
| Highest ranking | 1 (1971, 1976) |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| Australian Open | W (1974, 1975, 1976, 1977(Dec.)) |
| French Open | W (1971) |
| Wimbledon | W (1971, 1980) |
| US Open | F (1973, 1974, 1975, 1976) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 18–16 |
| Career titles | 7 |
| Highest ranking | - |
| Last updated on: 4 February 2007. | |
Evonne Fay Goolagong Cawley, AO, MBE (born 31 July 1951 in Griffith, New South Wales, Australia) is a former World No. 1 Australian female tennis player. She was one of the world's leading players in the 1970s and early 1980s, when she won 14 Grand Slam titles: seven in singles (four Australian Open, two Wimbledon and one French Open), six in women's doubles, and one in mixed doubles.
Early life
She was born Evonne Goolagong in 1951 (she became known by the name Evonne Goolagong Cawley following her marriage to the British tennis player Roger Cawley in 1975). She is one of eight children from an Australian Aboriginal family, being a member of the Wiradjuri people. She grew up in the small country town of Barellan, New South Wales. Her father, Kenny Goolagong, was an itinerant sheep shearer. Although Aboriginal people faced widespread discrimination in rural Australia at this time, Evonne was able to play tennis in Barellan from childhood thanks to a kindly resident, Bill Kurtzman, who saw her peering through the fence at the local courts and encouraged her to come in and play. In 1967, the proprietor of a tennis school in Sydney, Vic Edwards, tipped off by two of his assistants, traveled upcountry to take a look at the young Evonne and immediately saw her potential. He convinced her parents to allow Evonne to move to Sydney, where she attended Willoughby Girls High School. Here she completed her School Certificate in 1968 and was at the same time coached by Edwards, living in his household.
Career
After two years training with Edwards in Sydney, Goolagong played at Wimbledon for the first time in 1970, when she was 18. In 1971, she won the women's singles titles at both the French Open and Wimbledon, creating a sensation and becoming an instant celebrity in Australia and around the world. In the Wimbledon final, she defeated Margaret Court, the only other Australian woman ever to win the title. She was the first Australian Aboriginal woman to achieve international fame in sport and the first Aboriginal person to do so in any sport other than football or boxing. In 1971, she was named Australian of the Year and the Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year.
During the 1970s, Goolagong won the women's singles title at the Australian Open four times. She was also the runner-up at Wimbledon three times. At the US Open, she lost in the final four consecutive years (1973-1976), never winning the title.
Goolagong's final Grand Slam title came at Wimbledon in 1980. By this time, she was a 29-year-old mother and surprised the tennis world by beating Tracy Austin in a semifinal and Chris Evert in the final, to win her second Wimbledon and seventh Grand Slam singles crown. She was the first mother in 66 years to win the Wimbledon singles title, the previous one being English woman Dorothea Lambert-Chambers in 1914.
Goolagong was also a member of the Australian team that won the Federation Cup in 1971, 1973, and 1974. Other notable career achievements included winning the Virginia Slims Championships in 1974 and 1976 and the Italian Open in 1973.
Goolagong had excellent physical attributes for a tennis player. She was light, fast, and long-limbed, with lightning reflexes and the ability to cover the court with great agility. At her peak, she was regarded as one of the most graceful and subtle exponents of the women's game ever seen. She was frequently faulted, however, for lapses of concentration that cost her several titles. In the Australian press, this was referred to as "Evonne going walkabout" – an Aboriginal term meaning to wander off into the bush. She relied more on skill and speed than strength and was vulnerable to opponents with big serves and greater power, such as Evert and Billie Jean King.
Goolagong reached the final in 16 of the 24 Grand Slam singles tournaments that were held from 1971 through 1976, winning five of them. Her win-loss record in those finals against the other three then-dominant players was 0–4 against King, 1–3 against Court, and 1–3 against Evert. After losing a 1973 Wimbledon semifinal to King, Goolagong reached the final of 10 of the next 11 Grand Slam singles tournaments she entered for the next five years. Only a quarterfinal loss at Wimbledon in 1974 prevented her from reaching all 11 finals. This run ended with a semifinal loss to Martina Navratilova at Wimbledon in 1978.
Goolagong retired in 1983. Over the course of her career, Goolagong won 68 singles titles and 9 doubles titles. Her career prize-money totalled U.S. $1,399,431.
Following her marriage to Roger Cawley in 1975, Goolagong settled in the United States (in Naples, Florida). This led to some criticism in Australia. After living in the U.S. for eight years, the couple bought a home at Noosa Heads, Queensland in 1991, where they settled with their two children — daughter Kelly (born 1977) and son Morgan (born 1981).
In 1988, Goolagong was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame.
Goolagong was awarded an MBE in 1972 and made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) in 1982.
Goolagong was a member of the Board of the Australian Sports Commission from 1995 to 1997 and since 1997 has held the position of Sports Ambassador to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities.
Since 2000, Goolagong has made an increasing commitment to Australian women's tennis, which has fallen on hard times in terms of the glamour international events, and was appointed captain of the Australian Fed Cup team in 2002. In 2003, she was winner for the Oceania region of the International Olympic Committee's 2003 Women and Sports Trophy.
World No. 1
Many tennis writers and publications ranked Goolagong as World No. 1 for 1971, including Björn Hellberg of Tidningen Tennis, Joseph Macauley of World Tennis magazine, Lance Tingay of the Daily Telegraph, L'Equipe, and Rex Bellamy of The Times. Bud Collins of the Boston Globe and Rino Tomassi ranked Goolagong second, after Billie Jean King.
Although she played at her highest level in the early-to-mid 1970s, the WTA computer, which began in 1973, did not list her as ever holding the World No. 1 ranking until 2007. In December 2007, the WTA realized that the rankings for 1976 were miscalculated. When the records were corrected, the WTA announced that Goolagong had briefly supplanted Chris Evert as World No. 1 following Goolagong's victory at the 1976 Virginia Slims of Los Angeles tournament. Goolagong held the top ranking from 26 April 1976, through 9 May 1976, after which Evert reassumed that ranking.
Grand Slam singles finals
Wins (7)
| Year | Championship | Opponent in final | Score in final |
| 1971 | French Open | Helen Gourlay Cawley |
6–3, 7–5 |
| 1971 | Wimbledon | Margaret Court |
6–4, 6–1 |
| 1974 | Australian Open |  Chris Evert |
7–6, 4–6, 6–0 |
| 1975 | Australian Open (2) |  Martina Navrátilová |
6–3, 6–2 |
| 1976 | Australian Open (3) | Renáta Tomanová |
6–2, 6–2 |
| 1977 | Australian Open (December) (4) | Helen Gourlay Cawley |
6–3, 6–0 |
| 1980 | Wimbledon (2) | Chris Evert |
6–1, 7–6 |
Runner-ups (11)
| Year | Championship | Opponent in final | Score in final |
| 1971 | Australian Open | Margaret Court |
2–6, 7–6, 7–5 |
| 1972 | Australian Open |  Virginia Wade |
6–4, 6–4 |
| 1972 | French Open | Billie Jean King |
6–3, 6–3 |
| 1972 | Wimbledon | Billie Jean King |
6–3, 6–3 |
| 1973 | Australian Open | Margaret Court |
6–4, 7–5 |
| 1973 | US Open | Margaret Court |
7–6, 5–7, 6–2 |
| 1974 | US Open | Billie Jean King |
3–6, 6–3, 7–5 |
| 1975 | Wimbledon | Billie Jean King |
6–0, 6–1 |
| 1975 | US Open | Chris Evert |
5–7, 6–4, 6–2 |
| 1976 | Wimbledon | Chris Evert |
6–3, 4–6, 8–6 |
| 1976 | US Open | Chris Evert |
6–3, 6–0 |
Grand Slam women's doubles finals
Wins (6)
| Year | Championship | Partner | Opponents in final | Score in final |
| 1971 | Australian Open | Margaret Court |
Jill Emmerson Lesley Hunt |
6–0, 6–0 |
| 1974 | Australian Open (2) | Peggy Michel |
Kerry Harris Kerry Melville Reid |
7–5 6–3 |
| 1974 | Wimbledon | Peggy Michel |
Karen Krantzcke Helen Gourlay Cawley |
2–6, 6–4, 6–3 |
| 1975 | Australian Open (3) | Peggy Michel |
 Olga Morozova Margaret Court |
7–6, 7–6 |
| 1976 | Australian Open (4) | Helen Gourlay Cawley |
Renáta Tomanová Lesley Turner Bowrey |
8–1 |
| 1977 | Australian Open (December) (5) | Helen Gourlay Cawley |
Kerry Melville Reid Mona Schallau Guerrant |
Shared championship - final not played |
Grand Slam mixed doubles finals
Win (1)
| Year | Championship | Partner | Opponents in final | Score in final |
| 1972 | French Open | Kim Warwick |
 Françoise Durr Jean Claude Barclay |
6–2, 6–4 |
Runner-up (1)
| Year | Championship | Partner | Opponents in final | Score in final |
| 1972 | Wimbledon | Kim Warwick |
Rosemary Casals Ilie Năstase |
6–4, 6–4 |
Grand Slam singles tournament timeline
| Tournament | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | Career SR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | 3R | 3R | 2R | QF | F | F | F | W | W | W | A / W | A | A | 2R | QF | 2R | A | 4 / 14 |
| French Open | A | A | A | A | W | F | SF | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | 3R | 1 / 4 |
| Wimbledon | A | A | A | 2R | W | F | SF | QF | F | F | A | SF | SF | W | A | 2R | A | 2 / 11 |
| US Open | A | A | A | A | A | 3R | F | F | F | F | A | A | QF | A | A | A | A | 0 / 6 |
| SR | 0 / 1 | 0 / 1 | 0 / 1 | 0 / 2 | 2 / 3 | 0 / 4 | 0 / 4 | 1 / 3 | 1 / 3 | 1 / 3 | 1 / 1 | 0 / 1 | 0 / 2 | 1 / 2 | 0 / 1 | 0 / 2 | 0 / 1 | 7 / 35 |
A = did not participate in the tournament.
SR = the ratio of the number of Grand Slam singles tournaments won to the number of those tournaments played.
Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December. Goolagong won the December edition.
Singles titles (68)
- 1970 – Southport, Hampstead, Newport-Wales, Hoylake, Leicester, Munich
- 1971 – French Open, Wimbledon, NSW Sydney Hardcourts, Christchurch, Sutton, Guildford, Midland Open, Melbourne, Hilversum, Dewar-Edinburgh, Dewar-Torquay
- 1972 – Adelaide (January), Perth, South African Open, Bournemouth, Dublin, Canadian Open, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide (December)
- 1973 – B&H New Zealand, US Indoors, Italian Open, Lee-on-Solent, Cincinnati, Canadian Open, Charlotte, Japan Open, Hilton Head Invitational
- 1974 – Australian Open, Virginia Slims Championships, VS Denver, Queensland, NSW Sydney, New Zealand Open
- 1975 – Australian Open, New Zealand Open, VS Detroit, Sydney-NSW;
- 1976 – Australian Open, Virginia Slims Championships, VS Chicago, VS Akron, VS Dallas, VS Boston, VS Philadelphia, World Invitational Hilton Head
- 1977 – Australian Open (December), Colgate Sydney, Melbourne, NSW Sydney
- 1978 – VS Hollywood, VS Dallas, VS Boston, Beckenham, Surbtion, Chichester
- 1979 – US Indoors, Florida Federal Open, Beckenham, Chichester
- 1980 – Wimbledon
References
See also
External links
- Official WTA profile
- International Tennis Hall of Fame profile
- Fed Cup record
- Sports Illustrated article
- Photograph from The Age
| Sporting positions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byChris Evert | World No. 1 26 April 1976 - 10 May 1976 |
Succeeded byChris Evert |
| Awards | ||
| Preceded byCardinal Sir Norman Gilroy | Australian of the Year Award 1971 |
Succeeded byShane Gould |
| Women's Tennis Association (WTA) world No. 1 singles players | |
|---|---|
|
| |
|
