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| In 1969, 23 U.S. ] and one U.S. ] stationed in Okinawa, Japan, were exposed to low levels of the nerve agent ] while repainting the military depot buildings. The weapons had been kept secret from Japan, sparking a furor in that country, an international incident and the creation of Operation Red Hat. | In 1969, 23 U.S. ] and one U.S. ] stationed in Okinawa, Japan, were exposed to low levels of the nerve agent ] while repainting the military depot buildings. The weapons had been kept secret from Japan, sparking a furor in that country, an international incident and the creation of Operation Red Hat. | ||
| Once Operation Red Hat commenced in 1971, the ] leased {{convert|41|acre|m2}} on Johnston. Phase I of the operation took place in January and moved 150 tons of ] munitions. Phase II moved the remainder of the chemical munitions, about 12,500 tons, in September.The ] ARS |
Once Operation Red Hat commenced in 1971, the ] leased {{convert|41|acre|m2}} on Johnston. Phase I of the operation took place in January and moved 150 tons of ] munitions. Phase II moved the remainder of the chemical munitions, about 12,500 tons, in September. The ] was part of operation Red Hat.Under the command of Capt. Pilcher .<ref></ref> Originally it was planned that the munitions be moved to ] but this never happened due to public opposition and political pressure. Instead all munitions on Johnston island were destroyed by the first full-scale demilitarization plant built since the signing of the OPCW treaty by the United States. In addition ] even passed legislation (PL 91-672) that prohibited the transfer of ], ], ] and other chemical munitions to all 50 U.S. states.<ref>Suzanne Marshall PhD: "Chemical Weapons Disposal and Environmental Justice", Kentucky Environmental Foundation, November, 1996 (funded by ])</ref> | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 14:50, 8 January 2009
Operation Red Hat was a U.S. military action taking place in 1971, which involved the movement of chemical warfare munitions from Okinawa, Japan to Johnston Atoll in the North Pacific Ocean.
In 1969, 23 U.S. servicemen and one U.S. civilian stationed in Okinawa, Japan, were exposed to low levels of the nerve agent sarin while repainting the military depot buildings. The weapons had been kept secret from Japan, sparking a furor in that country, an international incident and the creation of Operation Red Hat.
Once Operation Red Hat commenced in 1971, the Army leased 41 acres (170,000 m) on Johnston. Phase I of the operation took place in January and moved 150 tons of mustard agent munitions. Phase II moved the remainder of the chemical munitions, about 12,500 tons, in September. The USS Grapple was part of operation Red Hat.Under the command of Capt. Pilcher . Originally it was planned that the munitions be moved to Umatilla Chemical Depot but this never happened due to public opposition and political pressure. Instead all munitions on Johnston island were destroyed by the first full-scale demilitarization plant built since the signing of the OPCW treaty by the United States. In addition Congress even passed legislation (PL 91-672) that prohibited the transfer of nerve agent, mustard agent, agent orange and other chemical munitions to all 50 U.S. states.
See also
References
- GlobalSecurity.org: Operation Red Hat
- Suzanne Marshall PhD: "Chemical Weapons Disposal and Environmental Justice", Kentucky Environmental Foundation, November, 1996 (funded by Educational Foundation of America)
External links
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