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| {{AfDM|page=Oriental metal (3rd nomination)|date=2008 December 22|substed=yes|origtag=afdx}} | |||
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| {{Infobox Music genre | |||
| |name=Oriental metal | |||
| |bgcolor=#BB0022 | |||
| |color=white | |||
| |stylistic_origins=]<br />] | |||
| |cultural_origins= Mid 1990s ] | |||
| |instruments=] - ] - ]s - ] <br /> Oriental instruments: ], ], ] | |||
| |popularity=Underground | |||
| |derivatives= | |||
| |fusiongenres= | |||
| |regional_scenes=Israel | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Oriental metal''' is a subgenre of ] that combines ] with elements of traditional ]. The music developed in ] during the first half of the 1990s with the bands ], ] and ] being the pioneers of the genre. Contributions from other countries have emerged since then. | |||
| ==Origins== | |||
| ], professor of history at the University of California and author of ''Heavy Metal Islam: Rock, Resistance, and the Struggle for the Soul of Islam'', cites the ]i band ] as the founder of oriental metal "in that they were one of the first bands anywhere in the region to mix oriental, Arabic sounds into metal."<ref name="straight">{{cite web |author=Lucas, John |title=Middle East metal fans fight for right to rock |date=2008-02-21 |publisher=Straight.com |url=http://www.straight.com/article-132986/middle-east-metal-fans-fight-for-right-to-rock |accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> Founded in 1991, the group released their first and only demo ''The Beloved's Cry'' in 1993, "immediately creating a media stir"<ref name="Rockdetector Orphaned">{{cite web |author=Sharpe-Young, Garry |title=Rockdetector Orphaned Land |publisher=] |url=http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/israel/orphaned+land |accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> that "quickly drew attention to their unorthodox style."<ref name="allmusic Orphaned">{{cite web |author=Rivadavia, Ed |title=AMG Orphaned Land |url=http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=11:gxfyxqyaldae~T1 |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-03-10}}</ref> Members of the group were still teenagers when they released their debut album '']'' in 1994.<ref name="Observed Land">{{cite web |author=Melzer, Alexander |title=Interview with Matti Svatizky of Orphaned Land |url=http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=4&id=6417 |publisher=Metal-observer.com |accessdate=2008-03-10}}</ref> The music of Orphaned Land "borrow heavily from Middle Eastern music styles"<ref name="allmusic Orphaned"/> with traditional elements coming from Arabic folk music.<ref name="FB OL">{{cite web |author=Fjordi |title=Interview with Orphaned Land |url=http://www.frombelow.dk/interview_orphanedland.htm |publisher=Frombelow.dk |accessdate=2008-03-10}}</ref> They have been acclaimed as "one of the world's most unique and trailblazing heavy metal bands."<ref name="allmusic Orphaned"/> Despite being from Israel, Orphaned Land has attracted fans from predominantly Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia.<ref name="straight"/> | |||
| The year 1993 saw the formation of ] in ], "undoubtedly the first overtly anti-Christian band to exist in one of the holiest cities in the world."<ref name="Rockdetector Melechesh">{{cite web |author=Sharpe-Young, Garry |title=Rockdetector Melechesh |url=http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/holland/melechesh |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> Melechesh began as a straightforward ] act with their first foray into folk metal occurring on the title track of their 1996 EP '']''.<ref name="McKay">{{cite web |author=McKay, Aaron |title=Interview with Moloch of Melechesh |url=http://www.chroniclesofchaos.com/articles/chats/1-608_melechesh.aspx |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref> Their subsequent albums saw the group straddling the boundaries between black, death, and thrash metal, with "impressive, tastefully rendered epics chock-full of superb riffs, Middle Eastern melodies, and vocal exchanges varying from a throaty midrange screech to chanting."<ref name="Djinn">{{cite web |author=Serba, John |title=AMG ''Djinn'' Review |publisher=] |url=http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:gzfexqu0ld0e |accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref> | |||
| Predating both Orphaned Land and Melechesh, ] was formed as far back as 1985 with their first album ''Creating Our Sins'' released in 1992.<ref>{{cite web |author=Sharpe-Young, Garry |title=Rockdetector Salem |publisher=] |url=http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/israel/salem |accessdate=2008-12-05}}</ref> They began as a black and death metal band before turning towards doom metal with their 1994 release ''Kaddish''.<ref name="Evil Neil">{{cite web |author=Pretorius, Neil |title=''Necessary Evil'' Review |publisher=Metal-observer.com |url=http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=1&id=12660 |accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> That album featured a Hebrew cover version of a traditional Yiddish song ''S'Brent'' ("Haayara Boeret") originally written by the Polish Jewish poet ].<ref>{{cite web |author=Snoep |title=Interview with Ze’ev Tananboim of Salem |publisher=Lordsofmetal.nl |url=http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=156&lang=en |accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> The band has continued to use folk elements in their music.<ref>{{cite web |author=Congrains, Kike |title=Interview with Ze’ev Tananboim of Salem |publisher=Metalstorm.ee |url=http://www.metalstorm.ee/pub/interview.php?interview_id=139 |accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> This includes the use of traditional music on the guitars<ref>{{cite web |author=Snoep |title=''Collective Demise'' Review |publisher=Lordsofmetal.nl |url=http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showreview.php?id=1430&lang=en |accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> as well as non-traditional instruments like the ].<ref>{{cite web |author=Plunkett, Ryan |title=''Necessary Evil'' Review |publisher=Metalreview.com |url=http://www.metalreview.com/304/Salem-Collective-Demise.aspx |accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref> Despite attracting some degree of notoriety by receiving a mail bomb from the ] ], Salem has not attained the popularity of Orphaned Land or Melechesh.<ref name="Evil Neil"/> | |||
| ==Development== | |||
| Since the middle of the 1990s, other bands in Israel have pursued an oriental metal direction. In explaining the use of oriental sound in her band's music, the former lead singer of ], Miri Milman notes that Israel is known for its Middle-Eastern culture and that "it is very hard to ignore it if you are born here".<ref name="Distorted">{{cite web |author=Grant, Sam |title=Interview with Miri Milman of Distorted |url=http://www.soniccathedral.com/webzine/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=192&Itemid=36 |publisher=Soniccathedral.com |accessdate=2008-03-11}}</ref> Formed in 1996 in the town of ], Distorted was the earliest female fronted metal act from the country.<ref name="Distorted"/> Their debut album '']'' arrived in 2006 with their follow up '']'' arriving two years later.<ref>{{cite web |title=DISTORTED: New Album Title, Cover Artwork Revealed |date=2008-03-04 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/BLABBERMOUTH.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=92174 |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> Their diversified sound has seen the group various described with all manners of genre labels including progressive, doom, alternative, gothic and death metal<ref>{{cite web |author=Henderson, Alex |title=Voices from Within review |url=http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:hxfuxzrjldke |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Melzer, Alexander |title=Memorial review |url=http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=1&id=11824 |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> but the band is known to describe themselves as oriental death/doom metal.<ref name="pers">{{cite web |author=Maglaras, Antonis |title=Interview with Miri Milman |url=http://www.metalperspective.com/interviews/distorted.php |publisher=Metalperspective.com |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> | |||
| The members of Distorted and Orphaned Land have been "good friends for a long time" with Orphaned Land notably inviting Miri Milman onstage for a couple of concerts.<ref name="pers"/> Another younger act ] also has relationships with the older generation of bands, in their case the more extreme ] and ]. Arallu was created as the solo project of Moti "Butchered" Daniel, a bass guitarist who has performed live with Melechesh.<ref name="ARD">{{cite web |author=Sharpe-Young, Garry |title=Arallu |url=http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/israel/arallu |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-07-27}}</ref> The debut album ''The War on the Wailing Wall'' arrived in 2001 and with their album ''Satanic War in Jerusalem'' arriving the year later. Nir Nakav from the band ] was responsible for the drums and the traditional ] while Daniel performed on all other instruments and vocals.<ref name="AMSW">{{cite web |author=Melzer, Alexander |title=''Satanic War in Jerusalem'' review |publisher=] |url=http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=1&id=1480 |accessdate=2008-07-27}}</ref> Arallu finally expanded into a full line-up thereafter.<ref>{{cite web |author=Sharpe-Young, Garry |title=Arallu |url=http://www.rockdetector.com/artist/israel/arallu |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-07-27}}</ref> Zeev Tananboim of Salem was a guest performer on Arallu's 2005 album ''The Demon From The Ancient World''.<ref>{{cite web |title=ARALLU: Hard At Work On New Album |date=] |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/BLABBERMOUTH.NET/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=69132 |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-07-27}}</ref> Daniel returned the favor with a guest performance on Salem's chart-topping ''Strings Attached'' album.<ref>{{cite web |title=SALEM's 'Strings Attached' Tops Israeli Metal Chart |date=] |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/BLABBERMOUTH.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=37700 |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-07-27}}</ref> Arallu's style of music has been described by Daniel as oriental, thrashy and barbaric "all at once".<ref name="Lords of Arallu">{{cite web |author=Puhl, Carl |title=Interview with Butchered and Yonatan of Arallu |url=http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=1356&lang=en |publisher=Lordsofmetal.nl |accessdate=2008-07-27}}</ref> | |||
| ==Beyond Israel== | |||
| Miri Milman credits Orphaned Land for opening "a lot of doors for Israeli bands that are now trying to get their recognition in the world wide metal scene and because of their big success people all over the world are now more interested hearing more bands coming out of Israel."<ref name="pers"/> Oriental metal has also attracted bands from other countries beyond Israel. In neighbouring ], the band ] was formed in 2001. Their full-length debut ''Dysphoria'' "reportedly contains the longest song ever created by an Arab metal band" and its release in 2005 was celebrated by an appearance on radio.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jordanian Doom/Death Metallers BILOCATE Release Full-Length Debut |date=2005-11-13 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/BLABBERMOUTH.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=44188 |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> With their second album ''Sudden Death Syndrome'' in 2008, Bilocate has been the recipient of "glowing mentions in metal magazines from the United States to Southeast Asia."<ref>{{cite web |author=Seeley, Nicholas |title=Sudden Death Syndrome (2008) Review |url=http://www.bilocate.net/bilocate/reviews.aspx?ID=28&month=&year= |publisher=Jo Magazine |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> The band describes their style of music as "dark oriental metal."<ref>{{cite web |author=Horn, Sasha |title=Entire Band of Bilocate |url=http://www.metalreview.com/Interviews/30165/Entire-Band-of-Bilocate.aspx |publisher=Metalreview.com |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> | |||
| Other bands from the Middle East and North African region include the ] ]<ref>{{cite web |author=Earache, Asher |title=Interview with Bassam Beromi, Abed Hathout and Fadel Kandil of Khalas |url=http://www.hardandheavy.net/eng/interviews/index.php?op=1&id=183 |publisher=Hardandheavy.net |accessdate=2008-04-02}}</ref>, the ]ian band ]<ref>{{cite web |author=Egypt Today, Ali El-Bahnasawy |title=We Will Rock You |url=http://www.egypttoday.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=7775 |publisher=Egypttoday.com |accessdate=2007-12-01}}</ref> and ] from ].<ref>{{cite web| author=Papadopoulou, Eirini |title=Atba'a Al-Namrood review |url=http://www.metal-temple.com/review.asp?id=3243 |publisher=Metal-temple.com |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> The genre has also attracted contributions from immigrants residing in Europe. Examples include ] with its North African members based in ],<ref>{{cite web |author=Kontogeorgakos, Dimitris |title=Interview with Foued Moukid, Abder Abdellahoum of Arkan |url=http://www.metal-temple.com/interview.asp?id=481 |publisher=Metal-temple.com |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> and the ] band ] and their lead vocalist from ].<ref>{{cite web |author=Melzer, Alexander |title=Promo CD review |url=http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=6&id=5724 |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> In 2005, an oriental black metal band ] from ] attracted attention when their album was delayed following a "black metal witch hunt" in their country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Malaysia's LANGSUYR Delay Album Release in Wake Of 'Black Metal Witch Hunt' |date=2005-12-13 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/BLABBERMOUTH.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=45565 |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> | |||
| ==Recent events== | |||
| The music critic Alexander Melzer of ] has noted in 2008 that "Middle Eastern influences seem to be the latest big thing in Metal."<ref>{{cite web |author=Melzer, Alexander |title=Atba'a Al-Namrood review |url=http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=1&id=15256 |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> In the meanwhile, the pioneers Orphaned Land has continued to receive further attention from the mainstream media. The band was one of the subjects featured in the ] documentary '']'',<ref>{{cite web |title=ORPHANED LAND Vocalist Issues New Album Update |date=2008-07-29 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/BLABBERMOUTH.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=101784 |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> the follow-up to '']''. They were also covered in Mark LeVine's book ''Heavy Metal Islam'', earning both the band and their genre mention in the ] review of the literature.<ref>{{cite web |author=Hamptom, Howard |title=Rock the Casbah |date=2008-07-20 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/20/books/review/Hampton-t.html |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> | |||
| ==Musical characteristics== | |||
| Similar to folk metal, oriental metal bands adopt different styles of heavy metal music. Melechesh and Arallu both perform a style they describe as "Mesopotamian black metal", a blend of black metal with ]n folk music.<ref name="Rockdetector Melechesh"/><ref name="Lords of Arallu"/> Doom metal can be found in the music of Salem and Distorted.<ref name="Evil Neil"/><ref name="Distorted"/> Orphaned Land performs a blend of progressive metal and doom metal.<ref name="Rockdetector Orphaned"/> In observing Bilocate's use of Eastern ] and the ] instrument, Alexander Melzer notes that "they never are used as a gimmick to stand out, but firmly embedded into the flow of the song to further it".<ref>{{cite web |author=Melzer, ALexander |title=Sudden Death Syndrome review |url=http://www.metal-observer.com/articles.php?lid=1&sid=6&id=15457 |publisher=] |accessdate=2008-12-22}}</ref> | |||
| ==List of bands== | |||
| {{dynamic list}} | |||
| <!--Please only add bands with articles to this list. New additions without articles will be deleted.--> | |||
| {|class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%" | |||
| ! style="background:#e3e3e3;" | Band | |||
| ! style="background:#e3e3e3;" | Country | |||
| ! style="background:#e3e3e3;" | Formed | |||
| ! style="background:#e3e3e3;" class=unsortable| Notes | |||
| |- | |||
| | ] | |||
| | Israel | |||
| | 1997 | |||
| | <ref>{{cite web |author=Puhl, Carl |title=Interview with Butchered and Yonatan of Arallu |publisher=Lordsofmetal.nl |url=http://www.lordsofmetal.nl/showinterview.php?id=1356&lang=en |accessdate=2008-03-13}}</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | ] | |||
| | Jordan | |||
| | 2003 | |||
| | <ref>{{cite web |title=BILOCATE: 'Sudden Death Syndrome' Artwork Unveiled |date=2008-05-12 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/BLABBERMOUTH.NET/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=96842 |accessdate=2008-05-29 |publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | ] | |||
| | Israel | |||
| | 1993 | |||
| | <ref>{{cite web |title=DISTORTED: Video Footage From 'Voices From Within' Recording Sessions Posted Online |date=2008-05-09 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.Net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=96645 |accessdate=2008-05-29 |publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | ] | |||
| | Israel / Netherlands | |||
| | 1993 | |||
| | <ref>], p. 146</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Melechesh Sign With Nuclear Blast |date=2003-07-17 |url=http://www.metalunderground.com/news/details.cfm?newsid=34303 |accessdate=2008-05-29 |publisher=metalunderground.com}}</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | ] | |||
| | Israel | |||
| | 1991 | |||
| | <ref>], p. 145</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ORPHANED LAND To Enter Studio Later In The Month |date=2003-07-17 |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=13657 |accessdate=2008-05-29 |publisher=]}}</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | ] | |||
| | Israel | |||
| | 1985 | |||
| | <ref>{{cite web |author=Eck, Markus |title=Interview with Ze'ev Tananboim of Salem |publisher=Metalmessage.de |url=http://www.metalmessage.de/Interviews/salem-engl.htm |accessdate=2008-05-31}}</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| |} | |||
| <!--Please only add bands with articles to this list. New additions without articles will be deleted.--> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| *{{citation |last=Kahn-Harris |first=Keith |title=An Orphaned Land?: Israel and the Global Extreme Metal Scene |journal=New Voices in Jewish Thought: Volume 2 |date=1999 |pages=1-21 |publisher=Limmud Publications |location=London |isbn=0953227324 |url=http://www.keithkahnharris.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/orphaned.htm |accessdate=2008-04-26}} | |||
| * <cite id=refKahnHarris2002>{{citation |last=Kahn-Harris |first=Keith |title="I hate this fucking country": Dealing with the Global and the Local in the Israeli Extreme Metal Scene |editor-last=Young |editor-first=Richard |journal=Music, Popular Culture, Identities |pages=133-151 |publisher=Rodopi |location=Amsterdam |date=2002 |isbn=9042012498}} | |||
| * <cite id=refKahnHarris2005>{{citation |last=Kahn-Harris |first=Keith |title='Roots?' The Relationship between the Global and the Local within the Extreme Metal Scene |editor-last=Bennett |editor-first=Andy |journal=The Popular Music Studies Reader |pages=128-140 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |date=2005 |isbn=0415307104}} | |||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{reflist|2}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| * - Website of sociologist with articles on Israeli metal | |||
| * - Underground record label specialising in oriental metal | |||
| {{folk music}} | |||
| {{heavymetal}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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