Fall of Granada: Difference between revisions

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	The '''Battle of Granada''' was a ] of the city of ] fought over a period of months leading up to its surrender on January 2, 1492. The city was captured by the combined forces of ] and ] ~~(recently united as Spain)~~ from the armies of the ] ] ]. Granada's forces were led by ] ] (Muhammed XII).		The '''Battle of Granada''' was a ] of the city of ] fought over a period of months leading up to its surrender on January 2, 1492. The city was captured by the combined forces of ] and ] from the armies of the ] ] ]. Granada's forces were led by ] ] (Muhammed XII).

	Since the spring of 1491, Granada had been all that was left of the former ] state when the Spanish forces of ] and ] laid siege to the walled city. After several attempts to disperse the besiegers had been defeated, Boabdil attempted to raise support from the Islamic ] state in ]. He negotiated a four month truce with the Spanish whereby he would surrender if no help was received by the expiry of the truce. This failed to materialise and, on the agreed date the city capitulated.		Since the spring of 1491, Granada had been all that was left of the former ] state when the Spanish forces of King ] and Queen ] laid siege to the walled city. After several attempts to disperse the besiegers had been defeated, Boabdil attempted to raise support from the Islamic ] state in ]. He negotiated a four month truce with the Spanish whereby he would surrender if no help was received by the expiry of the truce. This failed to materialise and, on the agreed date the city capitulated.

	This relatively small campaign was of momentous consequences as Granada was the last outpost of ] in Spain and its fall brought to an end 780 years of Muslim control in the ]. It also marked the final act in the ], the campaign by the medieval Christian states of Spain to drive out the Moorish invaders.		This relatively small campaign was of momentous consequences as Granada was the last outpost of ] in Spain and its fall brought to an end 780 years of Muslim control in the ]. It also marked the final act in the ], the campaign by the medieval Christian states of Spain to drive out the Moorish invaders.

Revision as of 21:59, 12 March 2009

Battle of Granada

Part of the Reconquista

The Capitulation of Granada, by Francisco Pradilla y Ortiz: Muhammad XII surrenders before Ferdinand and Isabella. Oil on canvas, 1882.

Date	January 2, 1492
Location	Granada, Spain
Result	Spanish victory

Belligerents

Castile,
Aragon

Granada

Commanders and leaders

Catholic Monarchs (Isabel and Fernando)

Muhammad XII (POW)

Strength

100,000

30,000

Casualties and losses

3,000 dead or wounded

1,000 dead, wounded, or captured

v t e Battles in the Reconquista
8th century Covadonga 1st Roncevaux Pass Burbia River Orbieu River Lutos Las Babias Río Quirós Oviedo 1st Lisbon 9th century 1st Barcelona 1st Tortosa Pancorbo 2nd Roncevaux Pass Clavijo Albelda Guadalacete Monte Laturce Morcuera Polvoraria 1st Cellorigo 2nd Cellorigo 2nd Barcelona 10th century Day of Zamora 1st Majorca Pallars and Ribagorza 1st San Esteban de Gormaz 2nd San Esteban de Gormaz Valdejunquera 1st Toledo Alhandic Simancas Estercuel Torrevicente Rueda Rovirans 3rd Barcelona 11th century Cervera Calatañazor Torà Albesa Aqbat al-Bakr Graus Coimbra Barbastro Paterna Cabra Piedra Pisada Morella 2nd Toledo 1st Zaragoza Sagrajas Tudela Tévar Aledo 3rd Toledo Almodóvar del Río 1st Valencia Quart de Poblet 2nd Lisbon Alcoraz Bairén Consuegra 4th Toledo 5th Toledo 12th century 2nd Valencia Mollerussa Balaguer Uclés Norwegian raid 3rd Lisbon Talavera Formentera Ibiza 1st Balearic Islands 6th Toledo Vatalandi 1st Santarém 2nd Balearic Islands Martorell Coimbra 2nd Zaragoza Cutanda 1st Lleida 1st Granada Arnisol Corbins Alcalá 3rd Valencia Aceca Alamin 1st Andalusia 1st Badajoz Fraga Leiria Guadalquivir 1st Coria Ourique Oreja Trancoso 2nd Coria 4th Lisbon 1st Montiel Soure Albacete 1st Córdoba 1st Almería Al-Ludjdj 2nd Santarém Sacavém 5th Lisbon 2nd Tortosa 2nd Lleida 2nd Almería 1st Alcácer do Sal Palmela 1st Évora 2nd Badajoz Juromenha 3rd Santarém Central Iberia Tarragona Cuenca Calatrava 2nd Seville Abrantes 2nd Évora 1st Silves 4th Santarém Alvor 2nd Silves 3rd Silves Tomar 2nd Alcácer do Sal 4th Silves Alarcos Talamanca 13th century Al-Dāmūs Las Navas de Tolosa Úbeda 3rd Alcácer do Sal 1st Jaén Peníscola Aragonese raid 2nd Majorca Portopí Artà 2nd Jaén 1st Jerez Ares Burriana 2nd Córdoba El Puig 4th Valencia Algarve 1st Xàtiva 2nd Xàtiva Biar 3rd Jaén 3rd Seville Faro 2nd Jerez Mudéjar revolt 3rd Jerez 1st Murcia Écija 1st Martos 2nd Andalusia 1st Algeciras 2nd Algeciras Moclín Iznalloz Arjona 14th century 1st Gibraltar 3rd Algeciras 3rd Almería 2nd Gibraltar Vega de Granada Shepherds' Crusade 2nd Martos Teba 3rd Gibraltar 4th Gibraltar Vega de Pagana Getares Río Salado Estepona Guadalmesí 4th Algeciras 5th Gibraltar Linuesa Guadix 2nd Montiel 5th Algeciras 2nd Murcia Puerto Lope 15th century Collejares Antequera 6th Gibraltar La Higueruela Archidona 7th Gibraltar Castril Río Verde Hellín Los Alporchones 8th Gibraltar 2nd Granada campaign Lucena Málaga Post-Reconquista Rebellions 1st Alpujarras 2nd Alpujarras North Africa 1st Ceuta Salé Strait 2nd Ceuta 3rd Ceuta Tétouan 4th Ceuta 5th Ceuta 1st Tangier 2nd Tangier Asilah 3rd Tangier

Battles in the Reconquista

8th century

9th century

10th century

11th century

12th century

13th century

14th century

15th century

Post-Reconquista Rebellions

North Africa

The Battle of Granada was a siege of the city of Granada fought over a period of months leading up to its surrender on January 2, 1492. The city was captured by the combined forces of Aragon and Castile from the armies of the taifa Muslim Emirate of Granada. Granada's forces were led by Sultan Boabdil (Muhammed XII).

Since the spring of 1491, Granada had been all that was left of the former Moorish state when the Spanish forces of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile laid siege to the walled city. After several attempts to disperse the besiegers had been defeated, Boabdil attempted to raise support from the Islamic Marinid state in Morocco. He negotiated a four month truce with the Spanish whereby he would surrender if no help was received by the expiry of the truce. This failed to materialise and, on the agreed date the city capitulated.

This relatively small campaign was of momentous consequences as Granada was the last outpost of Al-Andalus in Spain and its fall brought to an end 780 years of Muslim control in the Iberian peninsula. It also marked the final act in the Reconquista, the campaign by the medieval Christian states of Spain to drive out the Moorish invaders.

It is described in some detail in the fact-based novel, Queen's Cross by Lawrence Schoonover.

Granada still celebrates the 2nd of January.

Bibliography

Mind Alive Encyclopedia of World History, Marshall Cavendish, (London, 1974)

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