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 Presidential election results map. Green denotes states won by Madison, orange denotes states won by Pinckney, light yellow denotes states won by Clinton. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In the United States presidential election of 1808, the Democratic-Republican candidate James Madison defeated Federalist candidate Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. Madison had served as United States Secretary of State under incumbent Thomas Jefferson, and Pinckney had been the unsuccessful Federalist candidate in the election of 1804.
Sitting Vice President George Clinton, who had served under Thomas Jefferson, was also a candidate for President, garnering six electoral votes from a wing of the Democratic-Republican Party that disapproved of James Madison.
This election was the first of only two instances in American history in which a new President would be selected but the incumbent Vice President would continue to serve. (The re-election of John C. Calhoun in 1828 was the other instance.)
It would prove to be the last election in which Virginia dominated the electoral college; after the Congressional reapportionment following the 1810 census, New York would have the most electoral votes for the first time, and continued to have the most votes until 1972.
Nominations
Democratic-Republican Party nomination
Democratic-Republican candidates
- James Madison, U.S. Secretary of State from Virginia
- James Monroe, former Governor of Virginia
- George Clinton, Vice President of the United States from New York
Candidates gallery
-
Secretary of State James Madison of Virginia
-
Former Governor James Monroe of Virginia
-
Vice President George Clinton of New York
Nominations were done by caucus. With Thomas Jefferson ready to retire, the Democratic-Republican caucus nominated Secretary of State James Madison of Virginia to succeed him. James Monroe was also a candidate for the nomination. Vice President George Clinton was also a candidate for the nomination with support from New York Republicans. The caucus also re-nominated Clinton for a second term as Vice President.
| Presidential Ballot | Vice Presidential Ballot | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| James Madison | 83 | George Clinton | 79 |
| James Monroe | 3 | John Langdon | 5 |
| George Clinton | 3 | Henry Dearborn | 3 |
| John Q. Adams | 1 |
Federalist Party nomination
Federalist candidates
- Charles C. Pinckney, former U.S. Minister to France from South Carolina
Candidates gallery
The Federalist caucus renominated General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney of South Carolina and former Senator Rufus King of New York.
General election
Campaign
The election was marked by opposition to Jefferson's Embargo Act of 1807, a halt to trade with Europe that disproportionately hurt New England merchants and was perceived as favoring France over Britain. Nonetheless, Jefferson was still very popular with Americans generally and Pinckney was soundly defeated, though not as badly as in 1804. Pinckney carried only a handful of votes outside New England.
Results
Pinckney received all the electoral votes that he had received in 1804, and he also picked up New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and three electoral districts in North Carolina. Except for the North Carolina districts, all of the improvement was in New England.
The faithless electors who voted for George Clinton for President were all from New York.
| Presidential candidate | Party | Home state | Popular vote | Electoral vote |
Running mate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | Percentage | Vice-presidential candidate | Home state | Electoral vote | ||||
| James Madison | Democratic-Republican | Virginia | 124,732 | 64.7% | 122 | George Clinton | New York | 113 |
| John Langdon | New Hampshire | 9 | ||||||
| Charles Cotesworth Pinckney | Federalist | South Carolina | 62,431 | 32.4% | 47 | Rufus King | New York | 47 |
| George Clinton | Democratic-Republican | New York | — | — | 6 | James Madison | Virginia | 3 |
| James Monroe | Virginia | 3 | ||||||
| James Monroe | Democratic-Republican | Virginia | 4,848 | 2.5% | 0 | (none) | (n/a) | 0 |
| (unpledged electors) | (none) | (n/a) | 680 | 0.4% | 0 | (n/a) | (n/a) | 0 |
| Total | 192,691 | 100% | 175 | 175 | ||||
| Needed to win | 88 | 88 | ||||||
Source (Popular Vote): U.S. President National Vote. Our Campaigns. (February 10, 2006).
Source (Electoral Vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved July 30, 2005.
Only 10 of the 17 states chose electors by popular vote.
Those states that did choose electors by popular vote had widely varying restrictions on suffrage via property requirements.
One Elector from Kentucky did not vote.
Electoral college selection
| Method of choosing electors | State(s) |
|---|---|
| Each Elector appointed by state legislature | Connecticut Delaware Georgia Massachusetts New York South Carolina Vermont |
| Each Elector chosen by voters statewide | New Hampshire New Jersey Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island Virginia |
| State is divided into electoral districts, with one Elector chosen per district by the voters of that district | Kentucky Maryland North Carolina Tennessee |
See also
References
- "A Historical Analysis of the Electoral College". The Green Papers. Retrieved March 20 2005.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help); Unknown parameter|dateformat=ignored (help) - A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns, 1787-1825