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| ==Afterwards== | ==Afterwards== | ||
| Romania had 14 days to evacuate concerned territories and assign to Hungary. The Hungarian troops stepped across the Trianon borders on 5th September. The Regent of Hungary, ] also attend in the entry. | Romania had 14 days to evacuate concerned territories and assign to Hungary. The Hungarian troops stepped across the Trianon borders on 5th September. The Regent of Hungary, ] also attend in the entry. | ||
| Generally the population welcomed the troops, and regarded separation from Romania as liberation, although some pitiable event also happened: on 9th September in the village of Ördögkút (]: ''Treznea'') firefight evolved between the Hungarian troops and the local Romanian villagers. The number of the casualties is disputed between the historicans. | Generally the population welcomed the troops, and regarded separation from Romania as liberation, although some pitiable event also happened: on 9th September in the village of Ördögkút (]: ''Treznea'') firefight evolved between the Hungarian troops and the local Romanian villagers. The number of the casualties is disputed between the historicans. | ||
Revision as of 20:42, 27 November 2005
The Second Vienna Award
The gain of southern Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia in 1938 and the subsequent military conquest of the remaining Carpathian Ruthenia in 1939 did not satiate the Hungarian politics, as well as the Hungarian public opinion. These awards allocated only a little of the territories lost by the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, by the Treaty of Saint-Germain and by the Treaty of Trianon. The main goal was retrieving Transylvania and the other territories inhabited with Hungarians. Armed action was in view.
Antecedents
In the end of June, 1940 the Soviet Union reclaimed Bessarabia and North-Bukovina, whiches are taken by Romania after World War I. The Government of Romania approved the Soviet pressure, because the resistance was despairing against three belligerent countries:
- Bulgaria, which is claimed southern Dobrudja
- Hungary, which is claimed Transylvania
- Soviet Union, which is claimed Bessarabia and North-Bukovina
The success of Moscow inspired Budapest to urge much determined the solving of the question of Transylvania with Romania. The Axis Powers sugggested the parties concerned to solve their problems by direct negotiations. The interests of the Axis was keeping the peace in the Balkans, because they needed the exports for the war.
The negonations started on August 16, 1940 in Turnu Severin (Hungarian: Szörényvár). The Hungarian delegation submitted notable territorial claims while the Romanians were disposed for only an inconspicuous territorial allowance conflated significant changing of the population. Eventually the negonation fell through.
Finally, both countries had come round an arbitration award about the border-question to avoid the war.
The award
The ministers of foreign affairs of the Axis (Ribbentrop and Ciano) announced the award August 30, 1940 at the Belvedere Palace, Vienna At the result of Second Vienna Award Hungary regained 43,492 km². The census of 1941 shows that 1,344,000 (51,4%) Hungarian, 1,069,000 (42,1%) Romanian and 47,000 German (4,1%) lived in Northern Transylvania. The rest of (Southern) Transylvania remained Romanian with approximately 400,000 Hungarian, and Romania got guarantee of the borders.
Afterwards
Romania had 14 days to evacuate concerned territories and assign to Hungary. The Hungarian troops stepped across the Trianon borders on 5th September. The Regent of Hungary, Miklós Horthy also attend in the entry.
Generally the population welcomed the troops, and regarded separation from Romania as liberation, although some pitiable event also happened: on 9th September in the village of Ördögkút (Romanian: Treznea) firefight evolved between the Hungarian troops and the local Romanian villagers. The number of the casualties is disputed between the historicans.
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