Misplaced Pages

Revision as of 08:59, 6 June 2009

This article may be affected by a current event. Information in this article may change rapidly as the event progresses. Initial news reports may be unreliable. The last updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. Please feel free to improve this article (but note that updates without valid and reliable references will be removed) or discuss changes on the talk page. (May 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Template:Fixbunching

Air France Flight 447

An Air France Airbus A330-200 aircraft, similar to the one used for Flight 447
Accident
Date	1 June 2009 (2009-06)
Summary	Under investigation
Site	Atlantic Ocean
Aircraft type	Airbus A330-200
Operator	Air France
Registration	F-GZCP
Flight origin	Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport
Destination	Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport
Passengers	216
Crew	12
Fatalities	228 (unconfirmed)
Survivors	0 (unconfirmed)

Template:Fixbunching

Air France Flight 447 was a scheduled international passenger flight from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Paris, France, which went missing over the Atlantic Ocean on 1 June 2009 with 228 souls aboard. No wreckage or survivors have been found, and the aircraft is presumed lost with no survivors. Several reported sightings of wreckage have occurred since 2 June and have been determined to be unconnected to Flight 447. An air and sea search is ongoing, but is being hindered by rough weather.

The aircraft, an Air France Airbus A330-200, took off from Brazil on 31 May 2009 at 19:03 local time (22:03 UTC). The last contact with the crew was a series of routine messages to Brazilian air traffic controllers 3 hours and 30 minutes into the flight, as the aircraft approached the edge of Brazilian radar surveillance preparing to cross the Atlantic, en-route to the Senegalese coast of West Africa, where it would have regained radar coverage. Forty minutes later however, a four-minute-long series of automatic Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) radio messages were received from the plane, indicating numerous section 34 Navigation and Air Data faults and subsequent warnings. The last ACARS transmission was sent at 02:14 UTC, indicating a pressurization advisory. The exact meanings of these messages are still under investigation.

After the aircraft failed to appear on Senegalese radar and failed to contact air traffic control on either continent, a search for it was initiated. The aircraft is believed to have been lost shortly after it sent the ACARS messages.

Assuming no survivors, the accident would be the deadliest in the history of Air France, surpassing the crash of an Air France charter flight from Paris-Orly Airport to Atlanta on 3 June 1962. Paul-Louis Arslanian, the head of the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (BEA), described the incident as the "worst" accident in French aviation history. It would also be the first accident in commercial service resulting in fatalities in the 16-year operating history of the Airbus A330.

Aircraft

The aircraft involved was an Airbus A330-203, powered by two General Electric CF6-80E1 engines. The manufacturer's serial number was 660, and the French aircraft registration was F-GZCP. The first flight of the aircraft was on 25 February 2005 and at the time of the accident it had flown for 18,870 hours. On 17 August 2006, F-GZCP was involved in a ground collision with Airbus A321-211 F-GTAM at Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris. F-GTAM was substantially damaged and F-GZCP suffered minor damage. F-GZCP underwent a major overhaul on 16 April 2009. Between 5 May 2009 and 31 May the aircraft made 24 flights from Paris to and from 13 different destinations worldwide.

Accident

The aircraft was on a scheduled international passenger flight from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Paris, France. The aircraft departed Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport on 31 May 2009 at 19:03 local time (22:03 UTC), with a scheduled arrival at Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport approximately 11 hours later.

The last verbal contact with the aircraft was at 01:33 UTC, when it was near waypoint INTOL (1°21′39″S 32°49′53″W / 1.36083°S 32.83139°W / -1.36083; -32.83139) located 565 km (351 mi) off Brazil's north-eastern coast. The crew reported that they expected to use UN873 airway and enter Senegalese-controlled airspace at waypoint TASIL (4°0′18″N 29°59′24″W / 4.00500°N 29.99000°W / 4.00500; -29.99000) within 50 minutes, and that the aircraft was flying normally at an altitude of 10,670 m (35,010 ft) and a speed of 840 km/h (520 mph). The aircraft left Brazil Atlantic radar surveillance at 01:48 UTC.

Automated message and equipment malfunction

The last contact with the aircraft was at 02:14 UTC, four hours after take-off, when its avionics automatically transmitted several messages via Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS), indicating multiple systems failures. The first of these messages, at 2:10 UTC, reportedly indicated that the autopilot had disengaged and the fly-by-wire went into 'alternate law' flight control mode. This happens when multiple failures of redundant systems occur. Next, the aircraft transmitted several messages indicating faults and subsequent warnings in the systems that include the Air Data Inertial Reference Unit (ADIRU), the Integrated Standby Instrument System (a backup system providing basic flight instruments), and the master units of the primary and secondary flight control computers. The final message received, at 02:14 UTC, indicated a possible cabin depressurization ("cabin vertical speed warning") at location 3°34′40″N 30°22′28″W / 3.5777°N 30.3744°W / 3.5777; -30.3744. Issues which must look at it, include hydraulic backup system that forced by Boeing design philosophy and Airbus just designed simple technique fly-by-wire.

French accident investigators have claimed that ACARS messages indicated that the aircraft's electronics were giving different airspeeds prior to its final message. A spokesperson for Airbus claimed that "the air speed of the aircraft was unclear" to the pilots. The interpreted airspeed presented to pilots on the Primary Flight Display is derived from the pitot tube, Air Data Reference unit and synthesized from the ADIRU units and finally processed by the flight computers on the aircraft with Normal Law and most Alternative Law circumstances.

Three reports are on file at the Australian Transport Safety Bureau (ATSB) of Airbus 330 problems with the flight computer, and one with a Boeing 777. In the October 2008 incident, a Qantas flight was forced into a dive by a malfunctioning ADIRU, injuring over 100. The report from ATSB shows nearly identical error messages from the Qantas flight computer as were transmitted by 447. In the Qantas flight, not only did the flight computer place the airbus in an unsafe flight position, it refused initially to accept pilot control to correct. In this case, the pilot was able to re-control the aircraft and make a safe emergency landing. The Qantas flight also started with the autopilot disengaging on its own and sending ADIRU failure messages. Incorrect speed indications were also observed. This appears identical from what seems to be received from 447. The Qantas flight was also in the vicinity of thunderstorms, but above them at the time the flight computer malfunctioned.

Weather

A satellite image of the area, at the approximate time of the incident, showed severe weather conditions occurring 49,000 ft (15 kilometres (9.3 mi)) above the Atlantic Ocean and over the intended path of Flight 447. According to commercial transport pilots familiar with the route, it is likely that the flight crew of the Air France aircraft was aware of the intensity of the storm in the flight path at that altitude long before actually encountering the thunderstorms. From satellite images taken near the time of the incident, it appears that the aircraft encountered a severe thunderstorm, likely containing hail and extreme turbulence.

Commercial air transport crews routinely encounter this type of storm in this area. Generally, according to pilots familiar with this route, when storms of this type are encountered, a course either circumnavigating the storm or diverting to weaker portions of the storm is normally taken.

In this instance, shortly after that last verbal contact with Air Traffic Control about 350 miles (563 km) northeast of Natal, Brazil (station identifier SBNT), the aircraft likely traversed an area of intense deep convection which had formed within a broad band of thunderstorms along the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Turbulence in the vicinity of these rapidly-developing storms may have contributed to the accident.

Search and rescue

Brazilian air traffic controllers contacted air traffic control in Dakar at 02:20 UTC, when they noticed that the plane had not made the required radio call signaling its crossing into Senegalese airspace. The Brazilian Air Force then began a search and rescue operation from the Brazilian archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, and at 19:00 UTC on 1 June, Spain sent a CASA 235 maritime patrol plane in search and rescue operations near Cape Verde. French reconnaissance planes were also dispatched, including one Breguet Atlantic from Dakar, and the French requested satellite equipment from the United States to help find the plane. Brazilian Air Force spokesperson Colonel Henry Munhoz told Brazilian TV that radar on Cape Verde failed to pick up the aircraft over the Atlantic Ocean.

Early on, officials with Air France and the French government presumed that the plane had been lost with no survivors. An Air France spokesperson told L'Express that there was "no hope for survivors," and French President Nicolas Sarkozy told relatives of the passengers that there was only a "minimal" chance that anyone survived.

Late on 1 June, the deputy chief of the Brazilian Aeronautical Communications Center, Jorge Amaral, confirmed that 30 minutes after the Air France Airbus had emitted the automatic report, a commercial pilot had reported the sighting of "orange dots" in the middle of the Atlantic, which could indicate the glow of wreckage on fire. This sighting was reported by a TAM Airlines crew flying from Europe to Brazil, at approximately 1,300 km (800 mi) from Fernando de Noronha. The Brazilian newspaper O Globo reported that wreckage debris was discovered off the Senegalese coast, but that its origin was still uncertain. EarthTimes and news.com.au reported that the crew of the French freighter Douce France spotted debris floating on the ocean in the area earlier indicated by the TAM crew.

At 15:20 UTC on 2 June, the Brazilian Air Force, using an Embraer R-99, found wreckage and signs of oil and jet fuel strewn along a 5 km (3 mi) band 650 km (400 mi) northeast of Fernando de Noronha Island, near Saint Peter and Paul Rocks. Spotted wreckage included a plane seat, an orange buoy, a barrel, "white pieces and electrical conductors". Later that day, after meeting with relatives of the Brazilians on the aircraft, Brazilian Defence Minister Nelson Jobim announced that the Air Force believed the wreckage was from Flight 447. Brazilian vice-president José Alencar (acting as president since Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was out of the country) declared three days of official mourning.

On 2 June, two French Navy vessels, Foudre and Ventôse, were en route to the suspected crash site. Also among the ships sent to the site was the French research vessel Pourquoi Pas?, equipped with two mini-submarines that can descend to 6,000 m (20,000 ft) – the area of the Atlantic in which the plane went down may be as deep as 4,700 m (15,400 ft). A United States Navy Lockheed Martin P3 Orion MR submarine-hunting aircraft was also deployed in the search due to its low altitude endurance and patrol capability, sonar and magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) sensor suite.

On 3 June, the first Brazilian Navy ship, the patrol boat NPa Grajaú, reached the area in which the first debris was spotted. The Brazilian Navy has sent a total of five ships to the debris site; the frigate F Constituição and the corvette Cv Caboclo are scheduled to reach the area on 4 June, the frigate F Bosísio on 6 June and the tankship NT Almirante Gastão Motta on 7 June.

On 4 June, the Brazilian Air Force claimed they had recovered the first debris from the Air France crash site, 340 miles (550 km) northeast of the Fernando de Noronha archipelago. However, the Brazilian Air Force later said that the debris did not come from the flight in question.

On 5 June, around 13:00 UTC, Brazilian officials announced that they had not, in fact, recovered anything from Flight 447, as the oil slick and debris field found on 2 June could not have come from the plane. Even so, a Brazilian Air Force official maintained that some of the material that had been spotted (but not picked up) during earlier searches originated from Air France Flight 447. However, poor visibility prevented search teams from relocating the material. Also on 5 June, the French defence minister, Hervé Morin, announced that the nuclear submarine Émeraude was being sent to the area.

Passenger and crew details

A list containing the nationals of the passengers on was release by Air France on 1 June 2009. A partial list containing 75 named crew and passengers on board the plane was released on 3 June 2009.

Nationality	Passengers	Crew	Total
France	61	11	72
Brazil	58 (57)	1	59 (58)
Germany	26 (28)	—	26 (28)
Italy	9	—	9
People's Republic of China	9	—	9
Switzerland	6	—	6
Hungary	4	—	4
Lebanon	5	—	5
United Kingdom	5 (4)	—	5 (4)
Norway	3 (4)	—	3 (4)
Ireland	3	—	3
Slovakia	3	—	3
Morocco	2	—	2
Poland	2	—	2
Spain	2	— (1)	2 (3)
Belgium	2	—	2
United States	2	—	2
Argentina	1	— (1)	1 (2)
Austria	1	—	1
Canada	1	—	1
Croatia	1	—	1
Denmark	1	—	1
Estonia	1	—	1
Gabon	1	—	1
Iceland	1	—	1
Netherlands	1 (2)	—	1 (2)
Philippines	1	—	1
Romania	1	—	1
Russia	1	—	1
Sweden	1 (3)	—	1 (3)
South Africa	1	—	1
South Korea	1	—	1
Turkey	1	—	1
Total	216	12	228

The aircraft was carrying 216 passengers and 12 crew members in two cabins of service. Three pilots were amongst the crew. Among the 216 passengers were one baby, seven children, 82 women, and 126 men. 58-year-old flight captain Marc Dubois, who joined Air France in 1988, had approximately 11,000 flight hours, with 1,700 hours on an Airbus A330. The two co-pilots, 37-year-old David Robert and 32-year-old Pierre-Cedric Bonin, had over 9,000 flight hours between them. Of the twelve crew members, eleven were French and one was Brazilian.

According to an official list made public by Air France, most of the passengers were French, Brazilian, and German citizens. In addition to this, there were some passengers on this flight who may have held multiple citizenship.

Passengers included Prince Pedro Luís of Orléans-Bragança, third in line of succession to the extinct throne of Brazil. He had dual Brazilian-Belgian citizenship. He was returning home to Luxembourg from a visit to his relatives in Rio de Janeiro. Other passengers included Luis Roberto Anastacio, president of the South American branch of Michelin, Erich Walter Heine, chairman of ThyssenKrupp's Brazilian subsidiary Atlantic Siderúrgica (CSA), Silvio Barbato, composer and former conductor of the Symphony Orchestras of the Brasilia National Theatre and the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Theatre, Eithne Walls, a Northern Irish member of the Broadway dance troupe with Riverdance, Giovanni Lenzi, an Italian politician and member of the parliament of the province of Trento, and Luigi Zortea, mayor of Canal San Bovo.

Investigation

The cause of the crash remains unknown. The BEA is tasked with the official investigation. BEA chief Paul-Louis Arslanian said that he is not optimistic about finding the plane's flight recorders, since they may be under as much as 3,000 m (9,800 ft) of water and the terrain under this portion of the ocean is very rugged. Investigators are hoping to find the aircraft's tail, since the black box is located there. Although France has never recovered a black box from similar depths, there is precedent for such an operation: in 1988, an independent contractor was able to recover the flight recorders of South African Airways Flight 295 from a depth of 4,900 m (16,100 ft) in a search area of between 80 and 250 square nautical miles (270 and 860 km).

Weather

A detailed analysis of the weather conditions for the flight prepared by meteorologist Tim Vasquez makes it clear that the aircraft's final 12 minutes were spent "flying through significant turbulence and thunderstorm activity for about 75 miles (125 km)", subject to turbulence and rime icing, possibly to clear ice or graupel. Satellite imagery loops from the CIMSS clarify that the flight was coping with a series of storms, not just one.

Bomb threat

On 27 May, several days prior to this incident, Air France received a telephoned bomb threat regarding an earlier flight from Buenos Aires in Argentina to Paris. Authorities at Ezeiza Airport in Buenos Aires delayed the flight before take-off while conducting a 90-minute search of the threatened aircraft; passengers remained on the plane throughout. The search conducted by authorities yielded no explosive material, so the authorities allowed the flight to depart. Investigators are examining links with Air France Flight 447.

Incorrect airspeed

Reports released by Airbus suggest that the pilots of the aircraft may not have been flying at the right speed to combat foul weather. This speed, known as the rough air speed, V_RA, should not exceed V_B, which is the regulatory speed not to be exceeded when flying in gusty conditions, or when penetrating turbulence. After the accident, Airbus sent a warning to all the operators of A330 jets, reminding them how to navigate the aircraft through severe weather. The advice issued by Airbus, although not unusual for a manufacturer following an accident, has led the press to speculate that the aircraft experienced a high-altitude aerodynamic stall, as a result of flying at the incorrect airspeed, even though the BEA has stated that it has "no information" at this time.

It has been suggested that the plane's Pitot tubes may have become blocked by ice, causing an incorrect low airspeed indication on the flight deck. This may have prompted the pilots to unnecessarily increase engine thrust, increasing the airspeed beyond V_B and stressing the airframe beyond the design limit, causing it to break up. If the instruments were not accurately reporting information, it is possible the jet would have been traveling too fast or too slow as it entered turbulence from towering bands of thunderstorms, according to officials.

Memorials

On 3 June 2009, an ecumenical memorial service for family and friends of the victims was held at the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris. Roman Catholic, Protestant Christian, Orthodox Christian, Jewish and Muslim clergies attended the service. Among them were the Archbishop of Paris, André Vingt-Trois; Grand Rabbi and Jewish Chaplain of Air Personnel, Haïm Korsia; Protestant Federation of France president, Claude Baty and French Council of the Muslim Faith president, Mohammed Moussaoui. The service concluded with a reading of the poem "Footprints in the Sand" (Template:Lang-pt), attributed on the Air France site to the Brazilian poet, Ademar de Barros. Members of the press were forbidden from attending the ceremony. An audio feed was broadcast to the square outside of the cathedral. Pope Benedict XVI offered his sincere condolences and an apostolic blessing to the victims' families and loved ones in a message sent in his name to the French apostolic nunciature via telegram by the Cardinal Secretary of State, Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone. The message was read at the service attended by uniformed Air France crew, there to mourn their colleagues and help manage the ceremony organized by the airline.

Another memorial for victims of the missing jet, a Mass, was held at Candelária Church in the center of Rio de Janeiro on 4 June. More than 500 people were reported to have been in attendance.

Notes

1. 1 August 2005, Boeing 777; 12 Sep 2006, Airbus A330-300; 7 October 2008, Airbus A330-300; 27 December 2008, Airbus A330-300
2. Numbers in parentheses indicate reports that contradict the official Air France manifest and can probably be attributed to a passenger being a national of more than one country.

References

1. ^ "Brazilian air force says debris was not from Air France crash". CNN. 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2009-06-04. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
2. "Brazil reucovers first Air France Flight 447 debris". Yahoo!. 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
3. ^ "No survivors found in wreckage of Air France jet, official says". CNN. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
4. ^ "Air France Says 'No Hope' For Missing Jetliner". National Public Radio. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
5. "Rough seas hinder search for Flight 447". Associated Press. 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2009-06-06. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |authors= (help)
6. "Plane Crash Info". 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
7. "Search intensifies for vanished Air France flight". MSN News. Agence France-Presse. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
8. "ASN Aviation Safety Database - [[Air France]]". ASN. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
9. More debris found from Air France plane crash." CNN. 3 June 2009. Retrieved on 3 June 2009.
10. ^ "Air France Flight AF 447" (Press release). Airbus. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
11. "All Accident + Incidents 2006". Jet Airliner Crash Data Evaluation Centre. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
12. "JACDEC Special accident report Air France Flight 447". Jet Airliner Crash Data Evaluation Centre. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
13. "Last recorded flights of accident aircraft F-GZCP, msn 660". Jet Airliner Crash Data Evaluation Centre. Retrieved 06-05-2009. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
14. ^ "French plane lost in ocean storm". BBC News. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
15. "Brazilian ministry details last track of missing Air France A330".
16. Paul Koring (2009-06-02). "Flight 447 vanished without warning". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
17. ASF (2009-06-05). "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2009-06-05. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
18. "Crash: Air France A332 over Atlantic on June 1st 2009, aircraft lost". Aviation Herald. 2009-06-02.
19. "Airbus Flight Control Laws". Airbus. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
20. "Avionics Product Range". Airbus. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
21. ^ "Nuclear sub to join hunt for jet". BBC News. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
22. "The intricate complexity within an immaculate redundancy". Air Safety Week. Aviation Today. 2006-08-14. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
23. "Airbus Flight Control Laws". Unofficial Airbus Study Site. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |Access date= ignored (help)
24. ^ "AO2008070_interim.pdf" (PDF). Australian Transport Safety Board. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
25. ^ Vasquez, Tim (2009-06-03). "Air France Flight 447: A detailed meteorological analysis".
26. "Le Brésil a commencé à récupérer les débris de l'Airbus" (in French). 2009-06-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
27. ^ "Air France Flight #447: did weather play a role in the accident?". Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies. 2009-06-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
28. "A Meteosat-9 infrared satellite image". BBC News.
29. "Un avión de la Guardia Civil contra la inmigración también busca el avión desaparecido". El Mundo (in Spanish). 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
30. "Premières précisions sur l'Airbus d'Air France disparu". L'Express (in French). 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
31. ^ "Sarkozy: Prospect slim of finding plane survivors". WRAL-TV. Associated Press. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
32. ""Aucun espoir" pour le vol Rio-Paris d'Air France". L'Express (in French). 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
33. "Air France 'loses hope' after plane drops off the radar en route from Brazil to Paris with 228 people on board". Daily Mail. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
34. "French plane crashed over Atlantic". The Guardian. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
35. ^ "Piloto de rota comercial viu 'pontos laranjas' no oceano, diz Aeronáutica" (in Portuguese). G1 Notícias. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
36. ^ "France and Brazil Press Search for Missing Plane". New York Times. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
37. "Senegal encontra destroços que podem ser do avião da Air France que sumiu no Atlântico" (in Portuguese). O Globo. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
38. "EXTRA: Report: French sailors spot debris in Atlantic". EarthTimes. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
39. "Sailors 'spot debris in Atlantic'". news.com.au. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
40. "Brazilian Air Force Bulletin Number 6" (in Portuguese). 2009-06-02. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
41. "BOcean search finds plane debris". BBC. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
42. "José Alencar decreta três dias de luto oficial por vítimas do Airbus" (in Portuguese). Globo. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
43. "Brazil says debris from crash jet". BBC. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
44. Evaristo Sa (2009-06-03). "Navy ships seek to recover Air France crash debris". Agence France-Presse. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
45. "Mini-subs sent to look for jet". News24. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
46. "AF 447 may have come apart before crash: experts". Associated Press. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
47. "Brazilian Air Force Finds More Debris from Flight 447". CRI English. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
48. "Buscas à aeronave do voo AF 447 da Air France". Brazilian Navy. 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2009-06-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
49. "First debris recovered from Air France crash". USA Today. 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2009-06-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
50. "Air France says it's replacing flight instruments". Yahoo! News. Associated Press. 2009-06-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
51. "No wreckage found from doomed Air France plane". Google News. Associated Press. 2009-06-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
52. "Press release N° 5". Air France. 1 June 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2009.
53. "List of passengers aboard lost Air France flight". Associated Press. 3 June 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
54. ^ "Zeisterse in verdwenen Air France vlucht" (in Dutch). rtvutrecht.nl. 2 juni 2009. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
55. "Airbus-Absturz: Jetzt 28 Tote". 4 June 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2009.
56. ^ "Alexander kommer aldri tilbake på skolen[[Category:Articles containing Norwegian-language text]]" (in Norwegian). ]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help). 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-03. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)
57. ^ "En el avión desaparecido de Air France iba una azafata argentina[[Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text]]" (in Spanish). ]] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help). 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)
58. "Flygplan försvann över Atlanten". Dagens Nyheter. 2009-06-01.
59. "Air France jet with 215 people on board 'drops off radar'". The Times. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
60. "Air France statement on crashed airliner in the Atlantic". BNO News. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
61. "Only Canadian man aboard missing Air France flight had 'great life': Family". The Canadian Press. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
62. List of passengers aboard lost Air France flight." Associated Press at Yahoo! News. Wednesday 3 June 2009. Retrieved on 3 June 2009.
63. "Flight Air France 447 Rio de Janeiro - Paris-Charles de Gaulle".
64. "Ships head for area where airplane debris spotted". CNN. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
65. "Voo Air France 447: Ăşltimas informaçþes" (in Portugese). Veja.abril.com.br. 1 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-02.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
66. "Cotidiano - Família Orleans e Bragança confirma que príncipe brasileiro estava no voo AF 447 - 01/06/2009" (in Portugese). .Folha Online. Agência Brasil. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
67. "Belgisch-Braziliaanse prins onder de slachtoffers". Standaard.be. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
68. Confirmed Victims of AF 447
69. ^ "Michelin, ThyssenKrupp executives on missing Airbus". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved 2009-06-01.
70. Hammerton, Ron (2009-06-04). "Mazda man missing in Atlantic airbus crash disaster". GoAuto. John Mellor. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
71. "Erich se vrou begin nou sy dood aanvaar" (in Afrikaans). Beeld. Retrieved 2009-06-04. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
72. "Airbus: apólice de US$ 94 mi e seguro incalculável". Monitor Mercantil. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
73. "Lista não oficial de vítimas do voo 447 da Air France inclui executivos, médicos e até um membro da família Orleans e Bragança". O Globo Globo. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
74. "Riverdance star on lost airliner". BBC. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
75. "Air France disaster: Riverdance troupe is 'devastated by the news'". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
76. "Press release 1 June 2009" (Press release). BEA. 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
77. ^ "Lost jet data 'may not be found'". BBC. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
78. Negroni, Christine (2009-06-03). "Wreckage of Air France Jet is Found, Brazil says". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
79. Johan Strümpfer (2006-10-16). "Deep Ocean Search Planning: A Case Study of problem Solving". Retrieved 2009-06-04.
80. "Finding the black box of Air France Flight 447 will be challenging: French probe team". International Business Times. 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2009-06-04.
81. http://www.abcnews.go.com/Travel/Travel/story?id=7742900&page=1
82. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2009/06/04/bomb-threat-4-days-before-jet-crashed-115875-21413591/
83. ^ "Crashed Air France jet flying at 'wrong' speed: report". National Post. 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2009-06-05.
84. EASA Ops CS-25.335: Design airspeeds (PDF), European Aviation Safety Agency, 2003-10-17, retrieved 2009-06-05.
85. ^ "Airbus: Lost jet had inconsistent airspeed data". CNN. 2009-06-05. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
86. "No wreckage found from doomed Air France plane". AOL News (AP). 2009-06-06. Retrieved 2009-06-06.
87. "Jet Sensors Are Probed in Brazilian Air Crash", By ANDY PASZTOR and DANIEL MICHAELS, June 5, 2009, Wall Street Journal
88. "Air France 447 - Cérémonie oecuménique mercredi à Notre-Dame de Paris" (in French). France Soir. 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
89. Harlan, Sarah (2009-06-03). "Memorial for Air France flight victims". WFIE-TV. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
90. "Archbishop Of Paris Press Release". Air France. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
91. "Pope sends telegram for victims of Atlantic air disaster". 2009-06-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
92. "Ships arrive in Air France flight 447 crash zone". Agence France-Presse. 2009-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-03. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
93. "Brazil: Crash investigation eyes probe, sensors". Yahoo! News. 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2009-06-05.

External links

Template:Fixbunching Template:Wikinewshas Template:Fixbunching

Template:Fixbunching

Airline

• Air France - Flight Air France 447

Press releases

• From Airbus
• From the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la sécurité de l'Aviation Civile

Photographs of the aircraft

• From PlaneSpotters.net
• From Airliners.net
• From JetPhotos.net

Other

• Informações sobre o voo AF 447 - Brazilian Air Force Template:Pt icon
• Unofficial list of passengers from O Globo Template:Pt icon
• Le drame d'Air France Template:Fr icon

• Current events from May 2009
• 2009 in Brazil
• 2009 in France
• Accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A330
• Aviation accidents and incidents in international airspace
• Air France flights
• Aviation accidents and incidents in 2009
• Unexplained disappearances