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<b>Devanagari</b> is a script to write languages in ] like [[Hindi language | |
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<b>Devanagari</b> is a script to write languages in ] like [[Hindi language | |
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Hindi]], ] and [[Marathi language | |
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Hindi]], ] and [[Marathi language | |
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Marathi]]. <i>deva</i> signifies <i>'heavenly'</i> and <i>nagari 'script of the city'</i> in Sanskrit. An often uses transcription variant is <i>Devnagri</i>. |
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Marathi]]. <i>deva</i> signifies <i>'heavenly'</i> and <i>nagari 'script of the city'</i> in Sanskrit. An often-used transcription variant is <i>Devnagri</i>. |
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Devanagari is partly ] in the sense that a word written in it can |
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Devanagari is partly ] in the sense that a word written in it can |
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only be pronounced in one way, but not all possible pronunciations can |
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only be pronounced in one way, but not all possible pronunciations can be written perfectly. |
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be written perfectly. |
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Devanagari has 34 ] ("vyanjan"), and 12 ] ("svar"). A |
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Devanagari has 34 ] ("vyanjan"), and 12 ] ("svar"). A |
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consonants, and one vowel. |
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consonants, and one vowel. |
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<table border="1"> |
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Vowel Pronunciation<br> |
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<caption>Devanagari Vowels and Related Symbols</caption> |
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a 'a' as in ''a''bout <br> |
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<tr><th>Vowel</th><th>Transliteration</th><th>Pronunciation/Note</th></tr> |
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aa 'a' as in ''a''rt<br> |
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i 'i' as in p''i''t<br> |
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<tr><td>अ</td><td>a</td><td>'a' as in ''a''bout</td></tr> |
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ii 'ee' as in wh''ee''l<br> |
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<tr><td>आ</td><td>aa</td><td>'a' as in ''a''rt</td></tr> |
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u 'u' as in p''u''t<br> |
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<tr><td>इ</td><td>i</td><td>'i' as in p''i''t</td></tr> |
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uu 'oo' as in s''oo''t<br> |
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<tr><td>ई</td><td>ii</td><td>'ee' as in wh''ee''l</td></tr> |
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e 'a' as in r''a''te<br> |
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<tr><td>उ</td><td>u</td><td>'u' as in p''u''t</td></tr> |
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<tr><td>ऊ</td><td>uu</td><td>'oo' as in s''oo''t</td></tr> |
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ai <br> |
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<tr><td>ऋ</td><td>RRi</td><td></td></tr> |
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o 'o' as in ''o''ld<br> |
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<tr><td>ॠ</td><td>RRI</td><td></td></tr> |
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au <br> |
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<tr><td>ऌ</td><td>LLi</td><td></td></tr> |
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aM <br> |
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<tr><td>ॡ</td><td>LLI</td><td></td></tr> |
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aH <br> |
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<tr><td>ए</td><td>e</td><td>'a' as in r''a''te</td></tr> |
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<tr><td>ऐ</td><td>ai</td><td></td></tr> |
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<tr><td>ओ</td><td>o</td><td></td></tr> |
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<tr><td>औ</td><td>au</td><td></td></tr> |
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<tr><td>ः</td><td>aH</td><td>visarga</td></tr> |
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<tr><td> ्</td><td>halant</td><td>suppresses inherent vowel</td> |
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</table> |
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When no vowel is written, 'a' is assumed. To specifically denote the |
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When no vowel is written, 'a' is assumed. To specifically denote the |
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absence of a vowel, a ''halant'' is used. |
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absence of a vowel, a ''halant'' is used. |
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<table border="1"> |
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Consonants: |
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<caption>Devanagari Consonants</caption> |
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<pre> |
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<tr> |
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k kh g gh |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">क</td><td>k</td></tr></table></td> |
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ch chh j jh |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ख</td><td>kh</td></tr></table></td> |
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T Th D Dh N |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ग</td><td>g</td></tr></table></td> |
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t th d dh n |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">घ</td><td>gh</td></tr></table></td> |
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p ph b bh m |
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<td></td> |
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y r l v/w |
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<td></td> |
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sh shh s h L ksh gy/dny |
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</pre> |
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<td></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">च</td><td>ch</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">छ</td><td>chh</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ज</td><td>j</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">झ</td><td>jh</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ट</td><td>T</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ठ</td><td>Th</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ड</td><td>D</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ढ</td><td>Dh</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ण</td><td>N</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">त</td><td>t</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">थ</td><td>th</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">द</td><td>d</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ध</td><td>dh</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">न</td><td>n</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">प</td><td>p</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">फ</td><td>ph</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ब</td><td>b</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">भ</td><td>bh</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">म</td><td>m</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">य</td><td>y</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">र</td><td>r</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ल</td><td>l</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">व</td><td>v/w</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td></td> |
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<td></td> |
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</tr> |
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<tr> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">श</td><td>sh</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%"></td><td>shh</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">स</td><td>s</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ह</td><td>h</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ळ</td><td>L</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%"></td><td>ksh</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%"></td><td>gy/dny</td></tr></table></td> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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The letters above are pronounced as in English, with the exceptions |
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The letters above are pronounced as in English, with the exceptions |
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of: |
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of: |
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<table border="1"> |
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N<br> |
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<tr><th>Consonant</th><th>Pronunciation</th></tr> |
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t<br> |
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<tr><td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ण</td><td>N</td></tr></table></td><td></td></tr> |
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th<br> |
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<tr><td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">त</td><td>t</td></tr></table></td><td></td></tr> |
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d 'th' as in ''th''e<br> |
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<tr><td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">थ</td><td>th</td></tr></table></td><td></td></tr> |
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dh<br> |
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<tr><td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">द</td><td>d</td></tr></table></td><td>'th' as in ''th''e</td></tr> |
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L<br> |
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<tr><td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ध</td><td>dh</td></tr></table></td><td></td></tr> |
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<tr><td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">ळ</td><td>L</td></tr></table></td><td></td></tr> |
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</table> |
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Among these, 'L' and 'N' are not used in Hindi. The entire set is |
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Among these, 'L' and 'N' are not used in Hindi. The entire set is |
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There is no distinction of case, i.e. no uppercase and lowercase |
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There is no distinction of case, i.e. no uppercase and lowercase |
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letters. |
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letters. |
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Devanagari digits are written as follows: |
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<table border="1"> |
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<caption>Devanagari Digits</caption> |
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<tr> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">०</td><td>0</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">१</td><td>1</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">२</td><td>2</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">३</td><td>3</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">४</td><td>4</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">५</td><td>5</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">६</td><td>6</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">७</td><td>7</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">८</td><td>8</td></tr></table></td> |
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<td><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="1"><tr><td width="50%">९</td><td>9</td></tr></table></td> |
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</tr> |
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</table> |
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The ] |
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The ] |
When no vowel is written, 'a' is assumed. To specifically denote the
absence of a vowel, a halant is used.
Among these, 'L' and 'N' are not used in Hindi. The entire set is
used in Marathi.
There is no distinction of case, i.e. no uppercase and lowercase
letters.
(Note: "Devanagari" is the most common transliteration. Others are
"Devnagri", "Devanagri", "Deonagri"(rare).)