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{{Infobox Criminal organization
| name =Crips
| image =
| caption =] Co- founder of the Crips
| founding location =], United States
| founded by =] and ]
| years active =1969-present
| territory =United States<ref name=US1/>
| ethnic makeup =mostly ]<ref name=US1/>
| membership est =30,000-35,000<ref name=US1/>
| criminal activities =Drug trafficking, robbery, extortion, murder, burglary and identification theft.<ref name=US1/>
| allies =],<ref name="dc.state.fl.us">{{cite web|url=http://www.dc.state.fl.us/pub/gangs/la.html |title=Los Angeles-based Gangs — Bloods and Crips |work=Florida Department of Corrections |date= |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref> ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gangpreventionservices.org/crips.asp |title=Crips |publisher=Gang Prevention Services |date= |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gangpreventionservices.org/BGD.asp |title=Black Gangster Disciples |publisher=Gang Prevention Services |date= |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref> ],<ref name=US1/> ],<ref name="dc.state.fl.us">{{cite web|url=http://dc.state.fl.us/pub/gangs/prison2.html |title=Major Prison Gangs(continued) |work=Gangs and Security Threat Group Awareness |publisher=Florida Department of Corrections |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref>
| rivals =],<ref name="dc.state.fl.us"/> ],<ref name="www.insideprison.com"> insideprison.com. Retrieved 2009-02-21.</ref> ]<ref> gangsacrossamerica.com. Retrieved 2009-02-21.</ref>
}}
The '''Crips''' are a primarily, but not exclusively, ] ]. They were founded in ] in 1971 mainly by ] and ]. What was once a single alliance between two autonomous gangs is now a loosely connected network of individual '']'', often engaged in open warfare with one another.

The Crips are one of the largest and most violent associations of street gangs in the United States,<ref name=US1>U.S. Department of Justice, ''Crips''.</ref> with an estimated 30,000 to 35,000 members. The gang is known to be involved in ]s, robberies, and ] dealing, among many other ] pursuits. The gang is known for its gang members' use of the color ] in their clothing. However, this practice has waned due to police crackdowns on gang members.

Crips are publicly known to have an intense and bitter rivalry with the ] and lesser feuds with some ] gangs.<ref name="avm.gangs.tripod.com"> (April 26, 2007) A.V.M. Gang Awareness Night. Retrieved 2009-02-21.</ref> Crips have been documented in the ], found in bases in the United States and abroad.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.military.com/news/article/gangs-increasing-in-military-fbi-says.html |title=Gangs Increasing in Military, FBI Says |agency=McClatchy-Tribune Information Services |publisher=Military.com |date=2008-06-30 |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref>

== History ==
Stanley "Tookie" Williams met Raymond Lee Washington in 1969, and the two decided to unite their local gang members from the west and east sides of ] in order to battle neighboring street gangs. Most of the members were seventeen years old.<ref name="BlueRage-BlackRedemption"/> Williams discounted the sometimes cited founding date of 1969 in his memoir, ''Blue Rage, Black Redemption''.<ref name="BlueRage-BlackRedemption">Williams, Stanley Tookie; ] (2007). ''Blue Rage, Black Redemption''. ]. pp. xvii–xix, 91–92, 136. ISBN 1416544496.</ref> Gang activity in South Central Los Angeles has its roots in a variety of factors dating back to the 1950s and 60s including: post-] economic decline leading to joblessness and poverty, racial segregation leading to the formation of black "street clubs" by young ] men who were excluded from organizations such as the ]s, and the waning of ] organizations such as the ] and the ].<ref>
{{cite video
| people=Stacy Peralta (Director)
| title=
| medium=TV-Documentary
| year2=2009
| accessdate=2009-05-15
| publisher=] Independent Lens series
| author=Stacy Peralta & Sam George
| executive producer=Steve Luczo, Quincy “QD3” Jones III
| producer=Baron Davis et al.
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| title=Timeline: South Central Los Angeles
| url=http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/cripsandbloods/timeline.html
| date=2009-04-21
| accessdate=2009-05-15
| publisher=] (part of the "Crips and Bloods: Made in America" TV documentary)
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite web
| title=Review: 'Crips and Bloods: Made in America'
| url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-crips6-2009feb06,0,7721785.story
| last= Sharkey
| first= Betsy
| date=2009-02-06
| accessdate=2009-05-16
| publisher=]
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite video
| title=
| medium=TV-Documentary
| people=Cle Sloan (Director)
| publisher=]
| year2=2009
| accessdate=2009-05-15
| producer=Antoine Fuqua and Cle Sloan
| executive producer=Jack Gulick
| editor=Keith Salmon
}}</ref>

The original name for the alliance was "Cribs", a name narrowed down from a list of many options, and chosen unanimously from three final choices, which included the Black Overlords, and the Assassins. Cribs was chosen to reflect the young age of the majority of the gang members. The name "Cribs" generated into the name "Crips" when gang members began carrying around canes to display their "pimp" status. People in the neighborhood then began calling them cripples, or "Crips" for short.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/series/inside/3533/Overview |title=Los Angeles |work=Inside |publisher=National Geographic Channel |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref> A ''Los Angeles Sentinel'' article in February 1972 referred to some members as "Crips" (for cripples).<ref name=US1/> The name had no political, organizational, cryptic, or ]ic meaning. Williams, in his memoir, further discounted claims that the group was a spin-off of the ] or formed for a community agenda, the name "depicted a fighting alliance against street gangs—nothing more, nothing less", Williams wrote.<ref name="BlueRage-BlackRedemption"/> Washington, who attended Fremont High School, was the leader of the East Side Crips, and Williams, who attended Washington High School, led the West Side Crips.

Williams recalled that a blue bandanna was first worn by Crips founding member Buddha, as a part of his color-coordinated clothing of blue Levi's, a blue shirt, and dark blue suspenders. A blue bandanna was worn in memorium to Buddha after he was shot and killed on February 23, 1973, which eventually became the color of blue associated with Crips.<ref name="BlueRage-BlackRedemption"/>

The Crips became popular throughout southern ] as more youth gangs joined; at one point they outnumbered non-Crip gangs by 3 to 1, sparking disputes with non-Crip gangs, including the L.A. Brims, Athens Park Boys, the Bishops, The Drill Company, and the Denver Lanes. By 1971 the gang's notoriety had spread across Los Angeles.

Initially Crips leaders did not occupy leadership positions, but were recognized as leaders because of their personal charisma and influence. These leaders gave priority to expanding the gang's membership to increase its power. By 1978, there were 45 Crips gangs, called sets, operating in ]. The gang became increasingly violent as they attempted to expand their turf.

By the early 1980s the gang was heavily involved with drug trade.<ref name="crip history"></ref> Some of these Crips sets began to produce and distribute ] (phencyclidine) within the city. They also began to distribute ] and ] in Los Angeles. In the early 1980s Crips sets began distributing crack cocaine in Los Angeles. The huge profits resulting from ] distribution induced many Crips members to establish new markets in other cities and states. In addition, many young men in other states adopted the Crips name and lifestyle. As a result of these two factors, Crips membership increased throughout the 1980s, making it one of the largest street gang associations in the country.<ref name=US1/> In 1999, there were at least 600 Crips sets with more than 30,000 members transporting drugs in the ].<ref name=US1/>

==Membership==
Crips has over 800 sets with 30,000 to 35,000 members and associate members, including more than 13,000 members in Los Angeles. The states with the highest estimated number of Crips sets are ], ], ] and ]. Membership typically consists of young African American men, with members being ], ] and ].<ref name=US1/>

== Crip on Crip violence ==
<!-- ] -->
By 1971, a gang on Piru Street in ], known as the ] was formed and associated themselves with the Crips as a set. After two years of peace, a feud began between the Piru Street Boys and the other Crip sets. It would later turn violent as gang warfare ensued between former allies. This battle continued and by 1973, the Piru Street Boys wanted to end the violence and called a meeting with other gangs that were targeted by the Crips. After a long discussion, the ] broke all connections to the Crips and started an organization that would later be called the ],<ref>Capozzoli, Thomas and McVey, R. Steve (1999) ''Kids Killing Kids: Managing Violence and Gangs in Schools'' St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton, Florida, ISBN 1-57444-283-X</ref> a street gang infamous for its rivalry with the Crips.<ref name="crips"></ref>

Since then, other conflicts and feuds were started between many of the remaining sets of the Crips gang. It is a popular misconception that Crips sets feud only with Bloods. In reality, they fight each other — for example, the Rollin' 60s and 83rd Street Gangster Crips have been rivals since 1979. In ], the Grape Street Watts Crips and the P Jay Crips have feuded so much that the P Jay Crips even teamed up with the local Bloods set, the Bounty Hunter Bloods, to fight against the Grape Street Crips.<ref> (July 14, 2005) '']''. Retrieved 2007-05-04.</ref>

== Practices ==
The literacy practices of Crip's gang life generally include ], ] and substitutions and deletions of particular letters of the alphabet. The letter "b" in the word "blood" will be "disrespected" among certain sets and written with a cross inside it because of its association with the enemy. The letters "CK", which stand for "Crip killer", will be avoided and substituted with a double "cc", and the letter "b" will be replaced. The words "kick back" will instead be written as "kicc bkacc". Many other letters are also altered due to symbolic associations.<ref>Smith, Debra; Whitmore, Kathryn F. (2006). ''Literacy and Advocacy in Adolescent Family, Gang, School, and Juvenile Court Communities''. ]. ISBN 0805855998.</ref>

Crips usually identify with the color blue in several different shades and usually wear a blue rag or handkerchief as an identity item. They often wear jogging suits and tennis shoes, professional sports team jackets and caps bearing the names of Los Angeles teams, and sometimes Adidas sweatshirts. They also may wear Dickey brand cotton work pants or bib-style overalls. Nike and British Knights shoes are also popular. Crips refer to each other as "Cuzz" and use the letter C to replace the letter B in their conversations and writings. They have an intricate communication system which involves not only graffiti on walls which mark their particular territorial boundaries, but also the use of hand signals (flashing), displaying their colors, and wearing selected athletic clothing. The initials BK represent their status as "Blood Killers."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.knowgangs.com/gang_resources/crips/crips_001.htm |title=Crips |publisher=Knowgangs.com |date= |accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref>

== See also ==
*]
*]

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Reference publications ==
*{{Cite book|author=National Drug Intelligence Center |url=Media:2417p.pdf |title=Drugs and Crime: Gang Profile: Crips |year=2002 |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice |format=PDF |accessdate=2009-06-21}} Product no. 2002-M0465-001.

== External links ==
* early formation of Los Angeles Crips
*
* &ndash; The origin of the name Crips
* &ndash; An overview of LA-based gangs
* 2008 interview with Raymond Washington's mother

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Revision as of 13:19, 15 September 2009

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