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Uri Geller
Uri Geller in 2009
Born	(1946-12-20) 20 December 1946 (age 78) Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel)
Occupation(s)	performer, psychic
Spouse	Hannah Geller

Uri Geller is an Israeli British entertainer, well known for his trademark television performances of spoon bending, psychokinesis and telepathy.

The truth about Geller's abilities have been the subject of debate since his rise to fame in the 1970's, between those who believe his work to demonstrate paranormal abilities, and those who describe his performances as magic tricks, including magicians who have replicated his performances.

Geller himself used to term his own abilities as "psychic" but now prefers the designation of "mystifier".

Geller's career as an entertainer has spanned almost four decades, with television shows and appearances in many countries.

Early life

Born in Tel Aviv, Israel, to Hungarian Jewish parents. He was the only child of retired Army Sergeant Major Itzhaak Geller (Gellér Izsák) and Manzy Freud (Freud Manci). Geller is a relative of Sigmund Freud on his mother's side.

At the age of 11, Geller moved with his family to Nicosia, Cyprus, where he attended a Catholic high school and learned English. At the age of 18 he served as a paratrooper in the Israeli Army, and was wounded in action during the 1967 Six-Day War. He worked as a photographic model in 1968 and 1969, and in the same year, he began to perform for small audiences as a nightclub entertainer, becoming well-known in Israel.

Geller first started to perform in theatres, public halls, auditoriums, military bases and universities in Israel. By the 1970s, Geller became popular in the United States and Europe. He also received attention from the scientific community, who were interested in examining his reported psychic abilities. At the peak of his career in the 1970s, he worked full-time, performing for television audiences worldwide.

Career

Geller rose to fame after performing a series of televised performances, demonstrating what he claimed to be psychokinesis, dowsing, and telepathy. His performance included bending spoons, describing hidden drawings, and making watches stop or run faster. Geller said he performs these feats through will power and the strength of his mind. Magicians have said that his performances can be duplicated using stage magic tricks.

In 1975 Geller published his first autobiography, My Story, and acknowledged that in his early career, his manager talked him into adding one magic trick - being concerned that his regular performances were not lasting long enough and that another act was needed to "fatten it up." This trick involved members of the audience being told their license plate numbers by Geller, who had already been given the numbers by his manager. One of Geller's most prominent critics is the Canadian magician James Randi, who has accused Geller many times of trying to pass off magic tricks as paranormal displays, often duplicating Geller's performances himself using stage magic techniques.

In recent years, Geller has been a part of several television programmes. Geller starred in the 2001 horror film Sanitarium, directed by Johannes Roberts and James Eaves. In May 2002, he appeared as a contestant on the first series of the British reality TV show I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!, where he finished eighth place. In 2005 Geller starred in "Uri's Haunted Cities: Venice," a XI Pictures/Lion TV production for Sky One (which led to a behind the scenes release in early 2008 called "Cursed"). Both productions were directed by Jason Figgis. In early 2007 Geller hosted a reality show in Israel called The Successor (היורש), where the contestants performed magic tricks and Geller was accused of "trickery." In July 2007 NBC signed Geller and Criss Angel for Phenomenon, which started airing on October 24 to search for the next great mentalist, which contestant Mike Super won. Geller also hosts the TV show The Next Uri Geller, which started on 8 January 2008, and is broadcast by Pro7 in Germany. In February 2008, Geller began a show on Dutch Television called De Nieuwe Uri Geller, which shares a similar format to its German counterpart. The goal of the program is to find the best mentalist in The Netherlands. He started the same show in Hungary from 29 March 2008 (A kiválasztott in Hungarian). During the show Geller speaks both in Hungarian and in English. Geller also performs his standard routines of making stopped watches start, spoons jump from televisions, and tables move. Geller co-produced the TV show Book of Knowledge, released in April 2008.

Personal life

Geller lives in Sonning-on-Thames, Berkshire in the UK. He is a vegan and speaks three languages: English, Hebrew, and Hungarian. In an appearance on Esther Rantzen's 1996 television talk show Esther, Geller claimed to have suffered from anorexia nervosa for several years. In addition, he has written 16 fiction and non fiction books.

Geller owns a 1976 Cadillac adorned with thousands of pieces of bent tableware given to him by celebrities or otherwise having historical or other significance. It includes spoons from celebrities such as John Lennon and the Spice Girls, and those with which Winston Churchill and John F. Kennedy ate. Longtime friend Michael Jackson was best man when Geller renewed his wedding vows in 2001. Geller also claimed on a BBC Radio 5 Live interview with Nicky Campbell on the morning after Michael Jackson's death (26 June 2009) that Jackson had agreed to let Geller hypnotise him to help him with a problem. Geller said that he did something, 'highly unethical' by asking him whether he had ever, 'touched a child in an inappropriate way'. Geller says that Jackson immediately denied it under hypnosis. Geller also negotiated the famous TV interview between Jackson with the journalist Martin Bashir: Living with Michael Jackson.

Geller has affiliations with various groups. He is president of International Friends of Magen David Adom, a group that lobbied the International Committee of the Red Cross to recognise Magen David Adom ("Red Star of David") as a humanitarian relief organisation. After in 1997 trying to help Coca-Cola League Two football club Exeter City win a crucial end of season game by placing 'energy-infused' crystals behind the goals at Exeter's ground (Exeter would eventually lose the game 5–1), he was appointed co-chairman of the club in 2002. The club would be relegated to the Nationwide Conference in May 2003, where they were to remain for five years. He has since severed formal ties with the club.

Following the death of Michael Jackson, the British television station ITV announced plans to screen an interview with Geller regarding his relationship with Jackson, entitled My Friend Michael Jackson: Uri's Story.

Paranormal claims

Geller has claimed his feats are the result of paranormal powers given to him by extraterrestrials, but critics such as James Randi argue and have demonstrated that Geller's tricks can be replicated with stage magic and are simply "parlour tricks."

In the early 1970s, an article in the Jerusalem Post accused Geller of being a fraud for claiming that his feats were telepathic. In addition, a 1974 article also hints at Geller's abilities being trickery. The article alleged that his manager Shipi Shtrang (whom he called his brother at the time) and Shipi's sister Hannah Shtrang secretly helped in Geller's performances. Eventually, Geller married Hannah and they had children.

In 1975, two scientists (Russell Targ and Harold Puthoff from the Stanford Research Institute) said they were convinced that Geller's demonstrations were genuine. However, since that time, notable scientists, various magicians, and skeptics have suggested possible ways in which Geller could have tricked the scientists using misdirection techniques. These critics, who include Richard Feynman, James Randi and Martin Gardner, have accused him of using his demonstrations fraudulently outside of the entertainment business. Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman, who was an amateur magician, wrote in Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! (1985) that Geller was unable to bend a key for him and his son. Some of his claims have been described by watchmakers as restarting stopped mechanical clocks by moving them around.

Geller is well-known for making predictions regarding sporting events. Skeptic James Randi and British tabloid The Sun have demonstrated the teams and players he chooses to win most often lose. John Atkinson explored "predictions" Geller made over 30 years and concluded "Uri more often than not scuppered the chances of sportsmen and teams he was trying to help." This was pointed out by one of Randi's readers, who called it "The Curse of Uri Geller."

During the Euro 96 football game between Scotland and England at Wembley, Geller, who was hovering overhead in a helicopter, claimed that he managed to move the ball from the penalty spot when Scotland's Gary McAllister was about to take a penalty kick, something that, if true, would be against the rules of Association football, as the ball would then have been "Out of Play". The player ended up missing the chance to equalise for Scotland.

In another notable instance, in 1992, Geller was paid to investigate the kidnapping of Hungarian model Helga Farkas, and, after he predicted she would be found alive and in good health, she was found to have been murdered by her kidnappers.

In 2007, skeptics observed that Geller appeared to have dropped his 35-year-old claims that he does not perform magic tricks. Randi highlighted a quotation from the November 2007 issue of the magazine Magische Welt (Magic World) in which Geller said: "I'll no longer say that I have supernatural powers. I am an entertainer. I want to do a good show. My entire character has changed."

In a later interview, Geller told Telepolis, "I said to this German magazine, so what I did say, that I changed my character, to the best of my recollection, and I no longer say that I do supernatural things. It doesn't mean that I don't have powers. It means that I don't say 'it's supernatural', I say 'I'm a mystifier!' That's what I said. And the sceptics turned it around and said, 'Uri Geller said he's a magician!' I never said that." In that interview, Geller further explained that when he is asked how he does his stunts, he tells children to "Forget the paranormal. Forget spoon bending! Instead of that, focus on school! Become a positive thinker! Believe in yourself and create a target! Go to university! Never smoke! And never touch drugs! And think of success!"

In February 2008, Geller stated in the TV show The Next Uri Geller (a German version of The Successor) that he did not have any supernatural powers, before winking to the camera.

Parallels to stage magic

Geller admits, "Sure, there are magicians who can duplicate through trickery." He has claimed that even though his demonstrations can be repeated using trickery, he uses psychic powers to achieve his results. Skeptic James Randi has stated that if Geller is truly using his mind to perform these feats, "He is doing it the hard way."

Stage magicians note several methods of creating the illusion of a spoon spontaneously bending. Most common is the practice of misdirection, an underlying principle of many stage magic tricks. There are many ways in which a bent spoon can be presented to an audience as to give the appearance it was manipulated using supernatural powers. One way is through brief moments of distraction in which a magician can physically bend a spoon unseen by the audience, before gradually revealing the bend to create the illusion that the spoon is bending before the viewers' eyes. Another way is to pre-bend the spoon, perhaps by heating it, reducing the amount of force that needed to be applied to bend it manually. It is also possible to chemically bend the spoon by applying a corrosive to one edge so that the spoon weakens and bends in a set period of time.

Geller claims in telepathic drawing demonstrations that he is able to read subjects' minds as they draw a picture. Although in these demonstrations he cannot see the picture being drawn, he is sometimes present in the room and on those occasions can see the subjects as they draw. Critics argue this may allow Geller to infer common shapes from pencil movement and sound, with the power of suggestion doing the rest.

Watchmakers have noted that "many supposedly broken watches had merely been stopped by gummy oil, and simply holding them in the hand would warm the oil enough to soften it and allow watches to resume ticking."

In November 2008, Geller accepted an award during a convention of magicians, the Services to Promotion of Magic Award from the Berglas Foundation. In his acceptance speech, Geller said that if he hadn't had psychic powers then he "must be the greatest" to have been able to fool journalists, scientists and Berglas himself.

Scientific testing

Geller's performances of drawing duplication and cutlery bending usually take place under informal conditions such as television interviews. During his early career he allowed some scientists to investigate his claims. A study by Stanford Research Institute (now known as SRI International) conducted by researchers Harold E. Puthoff and Russell Targ concluded that he had clearly performed successfully enough to warrant further serious study, and the "Geller-effect" was coined to refer to the particular type of abilities they felt had been demonstrated.

In An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural, Randi wrote: "Hal Puthoff and Russell Targ, who studied Mr. Geller at the Stanford Research Institute were aware, in one instance at least, that they were being shown a magician's trick by Geller." Moreover, Randi explained, "Their protocols for this 'serious' investigation of the powers claimed by Geller were described by Dr. Ray Hyman, who investigated the project on behalf of a the Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency, as 'sloppy and inadequate.'" However, the only tests of Geller observed by Hyman at SRI were those performed by himself and his two colleagues. Hyman did not observe any testing by Puthoff and Targ. Puthoff and Targ had suggested that Hyman and co. visit SRI and conduct their own experiments on Geller. This they did, and Hyman and his colleagues spent ‘a couple of hours’ performing their own experiments on Geller independent of Puthoff and Targ. Puthoff and Targ observed and video taped these experiments. According to Puthoff and Targ, the experiments performed by Hyman were conducted in an ‘informal manner’ and ‘largely uncontrolled’.

Critics of this testing include psychologists Dr. David Marks and Dr. Richard Kammann. They published a description of how Geller could have cheated in an informal test of his so-called psychic powers in 1977. Their 1978 article in Nature and 1980 book The Psychology of the Psychic (2nd ed. 2000) described how a normal explanation was possible for Geller's alleged powers of telepathy. Marks and Kammann found evidence that while at SRI Geller was allowed to peek through a hole in the laboratory wall separating Geller from the drawings he was being invited to reproduce. The drawings he was asked to reproduce were placed on a wall opposite the peep hole which the investigators Targ and Puthoff had stuffed with cotton gauze. In addition to this error, the investigators had also allowed Geller access to a two-way intercom enabling Geller to listen to the investigators' conversation during the time when they were choosing and/or displaying the target drawings. These basic errors indicate the high importance of ensuring that psychologists, magicians or other people with an in-depth knowledge of perception, who are trained in methods for blocking sensory cues, be present during the testing of psychics.

Jacques Vallee states in his book "Forbidden Science - Volume Two" that he was present at SRI when Geller was tested for bending metal without contact, this being assured by monitoring with infra-red cameras. In this, the cameras not only confirmed lack of contact, but also revealed beams of high intensity monochromatic light of unknown origin bathing Geller. Though both effects were scientifically significant, they were omitted from the Nature article as it seems the researchers felt the incident would meet with disbelief, the telepathy results being thought sufficient to prove an effect.

In 1974, Geller was tested by several magicians of the Society of American Magicians and impressed them by some positive test results which their expert scrutiny indicated were free of fraud. For example, William E. Cox held a robust key with one finger on a table and watched closely as it bent, with Geller in view and mirrors confirming no trickery .

Also in 1974, the Danish magician and mentalist Leo Leslie (e.g .co-founder of the Magic Ring, a society of magicians) was called in as consultant when Geller was to appear on a Danish TV show. Though he took all precautions to guard against cheating by Geller, he was only convinced when in a private session back-stage after the show Geller both started to draw the flower Leslie was thinking of drawing and also caused a thick key to curl up in Leslie's hand after he had handed it back to him.

The Tonight Show failure

Geller was unable to bend any tableware during a 1973 appearance on The Tonight Show in which the spoons he was to bend had been pre-selected by Johnny Carson. Earlier in his career, Carson had been an amateur stage magician, and he consulted Randi for advice on how to thwart potential trickery. In 1993 Randi explained in "Secrets of the Psychics" for the NOVA television series: "I was asked to prevent any trickery. I told them to provide their own props and not to let Geller or his people anywhere near them." A clip of this incident was televised on the NBC show Phenomenon. This two-minute clip has been widely circulated on the Internet since James Randi acquired permission to use it from NBC, and Carson paid for the videotape transfer. In his television special Secrets of the Psychics, Geller is shown failing at psychic "hand dowsing," not metal bending.

Controversial performances

As part of a mass demonstration, Geller’s photograph appeared on the cover of the magazine ESP with the caption “On Sept. 1, 1976 at 11pm E.D.T. THIS COVER CAN BEND YOUR KEYS." According to editor Howard Smukler, over 300 positive responses were received, many including bent objects and detailed descriptions of the surrounding circumstances including the bending of the key to the city of Providence, Rhode Island.

Noel Edmonds was a television prankster who often used hidden cameras to record celebrities in Candid Camera-like situations for his television programme Noel's House Party. In 1996, Edmonds planned a stunt in which shelves would fall from the walls of a room while Geller was in it. The cameras recorded footage of Geller from angles he was not expecting, and they showed Geller grasping a spoon firmly with both hands as he stood up to display a bend in it. Geller later claimed that he knew that Edmonds's crew had been filming, and that he made the shelves fall off the wall with his psychic powers.

In late 2006, in his TV show The Successor, Geller performed a display in which a compass needle was made to move. This clip was subsequently uploaded to YouTube, along with commentary which claimed that the clip shows that Geller attaches a small magnet to his thumb. This clip has been the subject of debate, between those who believe that the clip proves that trickery is involved in Geller’s performances, and those who claim that what can be seen in the clip is purely reflections of TV studio lighting.

Geller performed the same compass trick in 2000 on ABC TV's The View, which was then duplicated by Randi on the same show the following week.

On the television show Phenomenon on 31 October 2007, Criss Angel challenged Geller and contestant Jim Callahan to prove they had supernatural abilities. Angel pulled two envelopes from his pocket and said, "I will give you a million dollars of my personal money right now if either one of you can tell me specific details of what’s in here right now." After some shouting, Angel and Callahan then moved toward each other. Geller and the show's host, Tim Vincent, moved quickly to keep them apart. Shortly thereafter, the show cut to a commercial break.

On 21 November 2007, Criss Angel again offered Geller $1,000,000 on the finale of NBC's nationally televised Phenomenon. Geller said, "although we were born one day apart, I was born on the twentieth December and you were on the nineteenth ... there are a lot of years between us ... forty years ago you were one year old when I came out with my spoon bending." As Geller was speaking Angel said, "I told you that, correct" and then interrupted Geller to reveal the numbers nine-one-one. Then Angel concluded, "If somebody could predict, tell us on nine-ten that 9/11 was going to happen, maybe that could have prevented it."

Litigation

Geller has litigated or threatened legal action against some of his critics with mixed success. These included libel allegations against Randi and illusionist Gérard Majax.

Early in Geller's career a man who had attended one of Geller's shows was dissatisfied and took Geller to court on the ground that he had cheated by using magician's tricks rather than displaying true psychic powers as promised. An Israeli court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, and ordered Geller to pay court costs as well as the price of the ticket.

Notably, three lawsuits Geller filed against Victor J. Stenger and Prometheus Books, a publisher of skeptical books, which had falsely asserted that Geller had been arrested and convicted in Israel for misrepresenting himself as a psychic, were dismissed in the U.S. as they were filed after the statute of limitations had expired, and Geller was obliged to pay more than $20,000 in costs to the defendant. Upon the final resolution of the Prometheus suit, the chairman of the publishing house, Paul Kurtz, stated, "It seems Mr. Geller's alleged psychic powers weren't working correctly when he decided to file this suit." Kurtz did, however, provide Geller with a written apology and acknowledgment of error on behalf of Prometheus Books after Geller agreed to drop an identical suit filed in London. He failed to pay the original amount causing the amount to increase before he paid it.

In a 1989 interview with a Japanese newspaper, Randi was quoted as saying that Geller had driven a scientist to "shoot himself in the head" after finding out that Geller had fooled him. Randi afterwards claimed it was a metaphor lost in translation. However, in a previous interview with a Canadian newspaper, Randi said essentially the same thing; "One scientist, a metallurgist, wrote a paper backing Geller's claims that he could bend metal. The scientist shot himself after I showed him how the key bending trick was done." In 1990, Geller sued Randi in a Japanese court over the statements Randi had made in the Japanese newspaper. Randi claims that he could not afford to defend himself, therefore he lost the case by default. The court declared Randi's statement an "insult" as opposed to libel, and awarded a judgment against Randi for ¥500,000 (at the time about US$4400). Randi feels that, since the charge of "insult" is not recognized by American Law, he was not required to pay, and maintains that he has "never paid even one dollar or even one cent to anyone who ever sued" him.

In 1991, Geller sued the Timex Watch Company for millions in Geller v. Fallon McElligott and was sanctioned $149,000 for filing a frivolous lawsuit.

In 1998, the Broadcasting Standards Commission in the United Kingdom rejected a complaint made by Geller, saying that it "wasn't unfair to have magicians showing how they duplicate those "psychic feats'" on the UK Equinox episode "Secrets of the Super Psychics" (this film, made by Open Media, was known on first transmission as Secrets of the Psychics but should not be confused with the earlier NOVA film of the same name). The full text of the BSC adjudication is available online here .

He also considered a suit against IKEA over a furniture line featuring bent legs that was called the "Uri" line.

Copyright claims

In November 2000, Geller sued video game company Nintendo for £60 million (the equivalent of US $100 million) over the Pokémon character "Yungerer," localized in English as "Kadabra," which he claimed was an unauthorised appropriation of his identity. The Pokémon in question has psychic abilities and carries bent spoons. Geller also claimed that the star on Kadabra's forehead and the lightning patterns on its abdomen are symbolisms popular with the Waffen SS of Nazi Germany. The katakana for the character's name, ユンゲラー, is visually similar to the transliteration of Geller's own name into Japanese (ユリゲラー). He is quoted as saying: "Nintendo turned me into an evil, occult Pokémon character. Nintendo stole my identity by using my name and my signature image."

The lawsuit was thrown out of court. Despite this, there has not been a Kadabra card in the Trading Card Game since Skyridge in 2003.

In March 2007, videos clearly showing Geller cheating were removed from YouTube due to copyright claims by Explorologist Limited. Explorologist Limited is operated by Geller who owns 75 percent of the company and his long time manager/brother-in-law Shimshon Shtrang who owns 25 percent. James Randi noted that Geller did not own the copyright to the clips, which includes Geller's appearance on The Tonight Show.

On 8 May 2007, the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) sued Geller on behalf of Brian Sapient for making false claims to force YouTube to remove a video. YouTube eventually reversed their decision to remove the video. The EFF posted the documents pertaining to Sapient v. Geller online.

The removals have caused a backlash against Geller.

In a press release by Explorologist Limited (Geller's business), it was announced that on 3 February 2008, Judge Vaughn R. Walker dismissed the EFF's lawsuit on the basis that the court did not have jurisdiction over Geller, a British subject, or Explorologist Limited, an English company. Walker suggested that the case could be handled in Philadelphia where Geller filed suit against the same skeptic, claiming that the YouTube post violated British Copyright Law.

Bibliography

Non-fiction books by Geller

• My Story. Henry Holt & Company, Inc. (April 1975) ISBN 0030301963
• Uri Geller and Guy Lyon Playfair. The Geller Effect. Grafton, Jonathan Cape, Hunter Publishing, (1988) ISBN 0586074309 ISBN 978-0586074305
• Uri Geller and Rabbi Shmuley Boteach. Confessions of a Psychic and a Rabbi. (Foreword by Deepak Chopra) Element Books Ltd (March 2000) ISBN 1862047243
• Uri Geller and Lulu Appleton. Mind Medicine. Element Books Ltd (October 1999) ISBN 1862044775
• Uri Geller's Little Book of Mind Power. Robson Books (August 1999) ISBN 186105193X
• Uri Geller's Mind Power Kit. Penguin USA (1996) ISBN 0670871389
• Uri Geller's Fortune Secrets. (Edited with Simon Turnbull) Psychic Hotline Pty Limited (21 May 1987) ISBN 0722138121
• Unorthodox Encounters. Chrysalis Books (2001) ISBN 1861053665

Fiction books by Geller

• Ella. Martinez Roca, March 1999. ISBN 0747259208
• Shawn. Goodyer Associates Ltd. ISBN 1871406099
• Pampini. World Authors, 1980. ISBN 0899750001
• Dead Cold. ISBN 0747259216

Books about Geller

• Colin, Jim. The Strange Story of Uri Geller. Raintree, 1975 ISBN 0817210377 (48 pages)
• Ebon, Martin. The Amazing Uri Geller. Signet 1975. ISBN 0451064755
• Ben Harris Gellerism Revealed. Micky Hades International 1985 ISBN 0-919230-92-X
• Margolis, Jonathan. Uri Geller Magician or Mystic?. Welcome Rain / Orion ISBN 0752810065
• Marks, David. The Psychology of the Psychic (2nd Ed.) New York: Prometheus Books, 2000. ISBN 1573927988
• Gardner, Martin. Confessions of a Psychic. (under the pseudonym "Uriah Fuller" (an allusion to Geller) that purport to explain "how fake psychics perform seemingly incredible paranormal feats.") Karl Fulves, 1975.
• Gardner, Martin. Further Confessions of a Psychic. (under the pseudonym "Uriah Fuller") 1980.
• Panati, Charles. The Geller Papers. Houghton Mifflin.
• Puharich, Andrija, Uri: A Journal of the Mystery of Uri Geller. Anchor Press / Doubleday
• Randi, James, The Magic of Uri Geller. (Later editions are titled The Truth About Uri Geller). New York: Prometheus Books, Ballintine, 1982. ISBN 0-87975-199-1
• Taylor, John G.. Superminds. Macmillian/Picador
• Wilhelm, John. In Search of Superman. Pocket Books, 1976. ISBN 0671805908
• Wilson, Colin. The Geller Phenomenon. Aldus Books, 1976. ISBN 0717281051

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44. Targ R & Puthoff H, "Information transmission under conditions of sensory shielding," Nature, 251, 18 October 1974, pp.602–607.
45. "The Geller Papers". UriGeller.com. 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
46. ^ Randi, James (1995). "An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural". St. Martin's Press. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
47. “Mind Reach – Scientists look at psychic abilities” by Russell Targ and Harold E.Puthoff, p.173 (2005 edition)
48. David Marks & Richard Kammann. "The Non-Psychic Powers of Uri Geller." Skeptical Inquirer, Summer 1977, Vol. 1 No. 2, p.9–17.
49. http://www.amazon.com/Forbidden-Science-Two-Jacques-Vallee/dp/0615249744/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1249674688&sr=1-3
50. http://www.urigeller.com/books/geller-papers/g12.htm
51. http://www.uri-geller.com/books/geller-papers/g23.htm
52. "Swift - March 30, 2007". 2007-03-30. Retrieved 2007-12-22.James Randi discusses obtaining the clip of Uri Geller on The Tonight Show.
53. http://www.zem.demon.co.uk/espsucc.htm
54. http://www.ufodigest.com/news/0409/uri-geller-print.php
55. Randi, James (2000-01-26). "The Moving Compass Trick". James Randi Educational Foundation. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
56. ^ "Angel sparks altercation on 'Phenomenon'". MSNBC. 2007-11-01. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
57. ^ Phenomenon Episode List
58. ^ Truzzi, M (1996) from the Parapsychological Association newsletter http://66.221.71.68/psir.htm
59. ^ "Geller fooled some, but . . ". The Gisborne Herald. 2008-10-09. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
60. Geller, Uri. "Uri Geller Libel Suit Dismissed". Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Retrieved 2006-12-08. Self proclaimed "psychic" Uri Geller had to dismiss a multi-million dollar libel suit and has to pay over $90,000 in sanctions in an action he brought against skeptical book publisher Prometheus Books of Amherst, New York.
61. "Uri Geller Libel Suit Dismissed". Skeptical Inquirer. August, 1994. Retrieved 2008-10-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
62. Cuckoos and Cocoa Puffs by Carol Krol http://www.skepticfiles.org/randi/legal.htm
63. Patricia Orwen, James Randi August 23, 1986, Toronto Star.
64. PSI Researcher
65. Randi, James (2007-02-09). "More Geller Woo-Woo". SWIFT Newsletter. James Randi Educational Foundation. Retrieved 2007-01-29. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
66. Randi's Geller Hotline for 1994: Recent Legal Developments
67. (No. 90-Civ-2839, 22 July 1991)
68. "Recent Legal Developments". James Randi Educational Foundation. 1994-12-11. Retrieved 2007-11-01.
69. Blackmore, Susan (November-December, 1998). "UK broadcast commission rejects Geller's 'Secrets of the Psychics' complaint". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 2007-03-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
70. Margolis, Jonathan (1999-12-29). "Nintendo faces £60m writ from Uri Geller". Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
71. "Uri Geller sues Pokemon". Retrieved 2007-05-30.
72. ^ "Geller sues Nintendo over Pokémon". Retrieved 2007-05-30.
73. ^ Randi, James (2007-03-30). "Geller on the Ropes". James Randi Educational Foundation. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
74. "Spoon-Bending 'Paranormalist' Illegally Twists Copyright Law". Electronic Frontier Foundation. 2007-05-08. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
75. "Sapient v. Geller Documents". Electronic Frontier Foundation. 2007-05-08. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
76. "Magician Uri Geller Accused of Bending Copyright Law". Fox News. 2007-07-09. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
77. "Explorologist, LTD Announces Federal Judge's Dismissal of EFF's YouTube Lawsuit Against Paranormalist". Business Wire. 2007-02-07. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
78. John Doe v. Uri Geller, Case # 3:07-cv-02478 VRW.

External links

• Official website
• Geller, Uri in An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
• Uri Geller - biography
• Uri Geller listed in The Skeptic's Dictionary
• Uri Geller at IMDb

Media

• Alleged "Psychic" Uri Geller loses libel suit against Prometheus Books from Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
• "Information transmission under conditions of sensory shielding" Nature (1974)
• The Truth about Uri Geller (Video) hosted by James Randi Educational Foundation
• Broadcasting Standards Commission adjudication on Geller's complaint against TV programme "Secrets of the Psychics"
• "Best of"-clip of Gellers german hit series "The next Uri Geller"
• Uri Geller Knows You

Template:Persondata

• Misplaced Pages introduction cleanup from August 2009
• Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from August 2009
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• I'm a Celebrity…Get Me out of Here! contestants
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