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Revision as of 18:46, 28 September 2002
The Guardian is a British newspaper published by Guardian Newspapers Limited. It is a serious broadsheet newspaper with liberal leftist politics.
Guardian Newspapers Limited also publishes The Observer Sunday newspaper, the Manchester Evening News, and their sister website Guardian Unlimited.
It is sometimes known affectionately as the Grauniad because it was noted for typographical errors in the past, including mis-spelling its own name once in the 1970s.
It has a daily circulation of around 400,000 (2001), compared to 670,000 for The Times, 970,000 for the Daily Telegraph and 200,000 for The Independent.
History
Originally called the Manchester Guardian, it was founded in Manchester in 1821 by a group on non-conformist businessmen headed by John Edward Taylor. The first edition was published on May 5, 1821, it became a daily paper in 1855.
Its most famous editor, C. P. Scott made The Guardian into a noted newspaper. He was editor for 57 years from 1872, buying the paper from Taylor's son in 1907.
In June 1936, to avoid death duty ownership of the paper was passed to the Scott Trust (named after the last owner - John Russell Scott, who was the first chairman of the Trust). The paper was then noted for its eccentric style, its moralising and its detached attitude to its finances.
In 1964 the paper moved to London, losing some of its regional agenda but heavily subsidized by sales of the Manchester Evening News. The financial position remained extremely poor into the 1970s, at one time it was in merger talks with The Times. The paper consolidated its left-wing stance during the 1970s and 1980s but was both shocked and revitalised by the launch of The Independent in 1986 which challenged for similiar readers and provoked the entire broadsheet industry into a fight for circulation. In 1988 The Guardian had a significant redesign, as well as improving the quality of its print and cutting down on the typographical errors that had previously characterized it. The paper declined to participate in the broadsheet 'price war' started by Rupert Murdoch's The Times in 1993.