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| '''Fellatio''', also called '''fellation''',<ref></ref> is ] performed upon the ]. It may be performed to induce ] and ] of ], or it can be used as ] prior to ] or ] forms of ]. | '''Fellatio''', also called '''fellation''',<ref></ref> is ] performed upon the ]. It may be performed to induce ] and ] of ], or it can be used as ] prior to ] or ] forms of ]. | ||
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| Fellatio is commonly referred to as a '''blowjob'''.<ref></ref> Fellatio is also sometimes referred to as "giving head" or "going down," although these terms can also both be used for ].<ref></ref> Other terms include "sucking dick", "sucking cock", or "sucking off". | |||
| ==Etymology== | |||
| The ] noun ''fellatio'' comes from ''{{lang|la|fellātus}}'', which in ] is the past ] of the verb ''{{lang|la|fellāre}}'', meaning to suck. In ''fellatio'' the ''-us'' is replaced by the ''-io'', an alternate form of the suffix ''-ion''. The ''-ion'' or ''-io'' ending is used in English to create nouns from Latin ] and it can indicate a state or action wherein the Latin verb is being, or has been, performed. | |||
| Further English words have been created based on the same Latin root. A person who performs fellatio upon another may be termed a ''fellator''. Because of Latin's ], this word may be restricted by some English speakers to describing a male. The equivalent female term is ''fellatrix''. | |||
| ==Deep-throating== | |||
| Deep-throating is an act in which a man's entire erect ] is inserted deep into the mouth of a partner, in such a way as to enter the receiving partner's throat. It is often part of fellatio. The term was popularized by the 1972 film '']''. It may be difficult for some people to learn due to the requirement of suppressing the natural ]. | |||
| ==Cultural significance== | |||
| ].]] | |||
| Some receivers regard receiving oral sex as an ego boost, believing that such an act is a form of ] over their sexual partner because of the overt submissive nature of the act; the giver may often be on their knees before the receiver to perform the act of pleasure. Many people have negative feelings about performing or receiving oral sex, and may refuse to do so.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Book of the Penis|author=Paley, Maggie|year=2000}}</ref> In ancient Greece and modern Japan, fellatio has been referred to as "playing the flute"; the Kama Sutra has a chapter on auparishtaka (or oparishtaka), "mouth congress".<ref name=Badger></ref> | |||
| The opposite position can also be argued, namely the receiver of oral sex is in a position of psychological if not physical ], and thus is potentially weaker. Bringing a person to climax is a form of exerting control over that person's physiology and emotions. ] traditions of sexuality {{Citation needed|October 2009|date=October 2009}} refer to the possibility of losing ] during orgasm. The experience of fatigue can be part of ].<ref>{{Citation | |||
| |title=Tantra - Discovering the Power of Pre-Orgasmic Sex | |||
| |publisher=AYP Publishing | |||
| |year=2006 | |||
| |isbn=9780976465584 | |||
| |page= | |||
| |url=http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=TbOaE3dFL2QC | |||
| }}.</ref> | |||
| Negative feelings toward oral sex may also be related to the narrow ] of early childhood, when genitals are associated primarily with ] and ]. If that mindset lingers beyond puberty, the young adult may feel that a partner's genitals are "dirty" and thus be reluctant to put his or her mouth on them.{{Citation needed|October 2009|date=October 2009}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ==Religious significance== | |||
| Galienus called fellatio "lesbiari" since women of the island of ] were supposed to have been the introducer of the practice to use one's lips to give sexual pleasure.<ref></ref> | |||
| The ] ], dating from the first centuries ], describes oral sex,<ref></ref> discussing fellatio in great detail and only briefly mentioning ]. However, according to the Kama Sutra, fellatio is above all a characteristic of ] (or, according to other translations, of ] ] or ] similar to the modern ] of India), who use their mouths as a substitute for female ]. Fellatio was usually considered unclean.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} | |||
| The author states that it is also practiced by "unchaste women" but mentions widespread traditional concerns about this being a degrading or unclean practice, with known practitioners being evaded as love partners in large parts of the country. He seems to agree with these attitudes to some extent, claiming "a wise man" should not engage in that form of intercourse while acknowledging that it can be appropriate in some unspecified cases. | |||
| The religious historian ] speaks of a desire to transcend old age and death and achieve a state of '']'' in the ] practice of ] yoga. In Tantric yoga the same emphasis is placed on the retention and absorption of vital liquids and Sanskrit texts describe how semen must not be emitted if the yogi is to avoid falling under the law of time and death.<ref>Eliade Mircea. 1973. ''Yoga, Immortality and Freedom''. trans. Willard R. Trask. (Princeton: Princeton University Press). p. 267-268</ref> | |||
| In ] literature the only form of sex that is always explicitly prohibited within marriage is sex during ]s (see ]).<ref></ref> But the exact attitude towards oral sex is a subject of disagreements between modern scholars of Islam. Authorities considering it "objectionable" do so because of the contact between the supposedly impure fluids emitted during intercourse and the mouth.<ref></ref> Others emphasize there is no decisive evidence to forbid it.<ref></ref> | |||
| ] Ceramic Depicting Fellatio. 300 A.D. ]]] | |||
| The ] culture of ancient ] worshipped daily life including sexual acts. They depicted fellatio in their ceramics.<ref>Berrin, Katherine & Larco Museum. ''The Spirit of Ancient Peru:Treasures from the ].'' New York: ], 1997.</ref> | |||
| ==Ingestion of semen== | |||
| ]'s book, ''Men in Love - Men's Sexual Fantasies: The Triumph of Love over Rage'' claims that swallowing ejaculate is high on the intimacy scale. | |||
| As late as 1976, doctors were advising women in the eighth and ninth months of pregnancy not to swallow semen lest it induce premature labor,<ref>{{cite book|title=The Pregnant Couple's Guide to Sex, Romance, and Intimacy|author=Sandra Margot, Tonianne Robino|pages=122–123}}</ref> even though it is now known to be safe. Fellatio is sometimes practiced during pregnancy as a replacement for vaginal sex by couples looking to engage in a sexually pleasurable activity while avoiding the difficulty of vaginal intercourse during the later stages of pregnancy.<ref></ref> | |||
| ] has also had central importance in some cultures around the world. In ] culture, there is a secret ritual in which boys give fellatio to young males and drink their semen, in order to "re-engender themselves prior to marriage".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newleftreview.org/?view=2592 |title=New Left Review - Jack Goody: The Labyrinth of Kinship |accessdate=2007-07-24}}</ref> Among the ] people of ], beginning at age seven all males regularly submit to oral penetration by adolescents in a six-stage initiation process, as the Sambia believe that regular ingestion of an older boy's semen is necessary for a prepubescent youth to achieve sexual maturity and masculinity. By the time he enters mid-puberty he in turn participates in passing his semen on to younger males.<ref>{{cite book | |||
| | last = Herdt | |||
| | first = Gilbert | |||
| | authorlink = Gilbert Herdt | |||
| | title = Guardians of the Flutes, Vol. 1 | |||
| | publisher = University of Chicago Press | |||
| | date = 1994 | |||
| | isbn = 0226327493}}</ref> | |||
| <ref></ref> | |||
| ===Pregnancy=== | |||
| Fellatio alone cannot result in ]; there is no way for ] from the ] to enter the ] and ] to fertilize an ]. In humans, there is not a connection between the ] and the ]. Ingested sperm will be killed and broken down by ] in the ] and ]s in the ]. | |||
| ===Link to reducing pre-eclampsia=== | |||
| It has been suggested that fellatio may, through "immune modulation",<ref name="bbc"></ref> have a beneficial role in preventing dangerous complications during pregnancy. Specifically, several research groups<ref>{{cite journal |last=Koelman |coauthors=''et al.'' |year=2000 |title=Correlation between oral sex and a low incidence of preeclampsia: A role for soluble HLA in seminal fluid? |journal=Journal of Reproductive Immunology |volume=46 |pages=155–166 |doi=10.1016/S0165-0378(99)00062-5 }}</ref> have reported that ], a life threatening complication that sometimes arises in pregnancy, is much less frequent in couples who have practiced oral sex, and even more rare in couples where fellatio regularly ended with a woman's swallowing of her partner's semen. | |||
| The results were statistically significant and are consistent with the fact that semen contains several agents that have important roles in the prevention of pre-eclampsia, which may arise out of an ] condition.<ref name="bbc"/><ref>Taylor RN (1997) "Review: Immunobiology of preeclampsia" American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Volume 37 pp. 79-86</ref><ref>Chaouat et al., (2005) "Fourth International Workshop on Immunology of Pre-eclampsia, December 2004, Reunion, France" Journal of Reproductive Immunology Volume 67 pp. 103-111</ref> According to that view, preeclampsia is caused by a failure of the mother to accept the ] and ], which both contain "foreign" ]s from the father's ]s. | |||
| Regular exposure to the father's semen helps cause her immune system to gradually "grow accustomed" to their proteins. Other studies also found that, while any exposure to the partner's sperm during sex appears to decrease the chances of various disorders, women in couples who have practiced "sex acts other than ]" are less than half as likely to suffer preeclampsia. | |||
| The studies noted that it would be impossible to assume conclusively the likely protective effect of the "other sex acts" including oral sex, or that the correlation between these sexual practices was due to the presence of collinearity induced by some other protective factor not noted in the studies: for example, greater overall frequency of sex.<ref name="bbc"/> The standard way to resolve such ] questions in medical science would be through a ], but there are unique challenges to research in sexual health.<ref>Schroder KEE, Carey MP, Vanable PA (2003) Methodological Challenges in Research on Sexual Risk Behavior: I. Item Content, Scaling, and Data Analytical Options. Annals of Behavioral Medicine Volume 26, Issue 2, Pages 76-103.</ref> | |||
| ==STD risk== | |||
| ], ] (HPV), ], ], ] (multiple strains), and other ]s (STDs), can be transmitted through oral sex.<ref></ref> | |||
| Any kind of sexual contact with body fluids of a person infected with ], the virus that causes ], poses a risk of infection. The risk from most of these types of infection, however, is generally considered far lower than that associated with ] or ].<ref>http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/SavageLove?oid=572916</ref><ref>http://avi.org/node/2183</ref> | |||
| If the receiving partner has wounds on his genitals, or if the giving partner has wounds or open sores on or in his or her mouth, or bleeding gums, this poses an increased risk of STD transmission. Brushing the teeth, flossing, undergoing dental work, or eating crunchy foods such as potato chips relatively soon before or after giving fellatio can also increase the risk of transmission, because all of these activities can cause small scratches in the lining of the mouth. | |||
| These wounds, even when they are ], increase the chances of contracting ]s that can be transmitted orally under these conditions. Such contact can also lead to more mundane infections from common ] and ] found in, around and secreted from the genital regions. Because of this, some medical professionals advise the use of ]s when performing or receiving fellatio with a partner whose STD status is unknown. Flavoured condoms may be used for this purpose. | |||
| ===HPV and oral cancer link=== | |||
| In 2006, a research study at ]'s Faculty of Odontology suggested that performing unprotected ] on a person infected with ] might increase the risk of ]. The study found that 36 percent of the ]s had HPV compared to only 1 percent of the healthy control group.<ref></ref> | |||
| Another recent study suggests a ] between oral sex and ]. It is believed that this is due to the transmission of ] (HPV). | |||
| The study concludes that people who had one to five oral-sex partners in their lifetime had approximately a doubled risk of throat cancer compared with those who never engaged in this activity and those with more than five oral-sex partners had a 250 percent increased risk.<ref></ref> | |||
| ==Other species== | |||
| ] to increase copulation time. This species is the only non-primate to exhibit this behaviour.<ref name=plos />]] | |||
| The ], '']'' has been observed to engage in fellatio during mating. Pairs spend more time copulating if the female licks the male than if they do not.<ref name="plos">{{cite journal|last=Tan|first=Min|coauthors=Gareth Jones, Guangjian Zhu, Jianping Ye, Tiyu Hong, Shanyi Zhou, Shuyi Zhang, Libiao Zhang|date=October 28 2009|title=Fellatio by Fruit Bats Prolongs Copulation Time|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=4|issue=10|url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007595|accessdate=October 28 2009}}</ref><ref> | |||
| {{cite web | |||
| |url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18077-fellatio-keeps-male-fruit-bats-keen.html | |||
| |title=Fellatio keeps male fruit bats keen - life - 29 October 2009 - New Scientist | |||
| |publisher=www.newscientist.com | |||
| |accessdate=2009-10-31 | |||
| |last= | |||
| |first= | |||
| }} | |||
| </ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| {{Commons category}} | |||
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| ==References== | |||
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Revision as of 09:38, 9 February 2010
"Blow job" redirects here. For the film, see Blow Job (film).
Fellatio, also called fellation, is oral sex performed upon the penis. It may be performed to induce orgasm and ejaculation of semen, or it can be used as foreplay prior to vaginal or anal forms of intercourse.
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