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| This story is about a young girl named Weslie Jenkins.She was born in Hackensack Hospital in New Jersey in 1995. she was recently behind in school, because of her age, all caused because she skipped the first grade.She grew up with a hard heart if she chose but a soft heart if she completely put her mind to it.She also made bad grades in school, until the the second half of the fourth grade, when she was sent to a private school in late 2004.The name was Zion Christian Fellowship or as most would say, ZCA.{A is for Academy} They had good curriculum and high education standards.Because of that, her grades increased a high percentage, and she begin to make straight A's.When she was on 7 or 8, she was forced to do a great deal of difficult chores, but she got by quickly and smoothly.Her stepfather was abusive towards her, but it came as a shock that he still loved her. when Weslie graduated highschool, she moved to a strict college in San Diego.There she was taught high skill in music and sucessfully mastered the piano.When she turned about 26,she got a letter from her aunt that one of her relatives has died.Weslie then went to the funeral and sang Amazing Grace.One of Weslie's relative's cousins was there and heard the beautiful sound of her voice.Little known, he was a music director for one of L.A.'s hottest bands, Destiny's Child.Weslie met the famous group and let her sing in one of their backround songs,"You My Girl".She sang in the backround with Beyonce,but her face was unseen in the video.She then became well known to the thirteen colinies and is working on her second CD. she is planning to retire at 40. | |||
| The '''Battle of Baghdad''' in ] was a victory of ], grandson of ]. | |||
| ] was the ] of an ] state and was ruled by ], the current ] ]. The Abbasid state had been in existence for over 500 years, since the accesssion of the first caliph in Baghdad 751 CE following the defeat of the previously ruling ]s. In century or so before the Mongol invasion, the state had lost much of its former strength due to the increasing political dominance of its Mamluk troops. | |||
| The ] army, led by ] (or Hulegu) Khan set out to Baghdad in November of ]. The Mongols set up camp near the ] river, and some of them crossed the ] to attack Baghdad from the rear. ]'s army launched a counterattack, which at first drove back the Mongols that had crossed the Tigris, but the Mongols were able to lure their opponents into a marshy terrain. ]'s soldiers were routed, and only a few managed to escape back to Baghdad. | |||
| The Mongols pushed inward and reached the city wall. Baghdad was defended by an army of ] soldiers and auxiliaries from some southern ]i tribes. There was also a Citizens' Militia. The Mongols laid siege to the city and constructed a palisade and a ditch; siege equipment was erected as well. The bombardment began on ] and by ], a breach was made. By ] the Mongols controlled a stretch of the wall. Al-Musta'sim tried to negotiate, but was refused. | |||
| On ] Baghdad surrendered. The Mongols swept into the city on ], which began a week of massacre, looting, and fire. The cruelty associated with the capture of the city has been chronicled many times in historical accounts of the invasion. The Grand Library of Baghdad, which contained countless precious historical documents and books on subjects ranging from medicine to astronomy, was destroyed, much as the library in the Byzantine capital of Constantinople had been fifty years previously. It was reported that the waters of the Tigris ran black with ink from the enormous quantities of books flung into the river by the Mongols. Massive loss of life resulted when citizens were killed by the Mongol army when they resisted or attempted to flee, while raping and looting destroyed order and defaced many architectural buildings within the city. | |||
| Baghdad lost most of its population and prestige for the next three centuries, but was later rebuild by the Persian Safavid dynasty in 1526. | |||
| == External link == | |||
| * about Hulagu's conquest of Baghdad, written by ], appeared in the April 25, 2005 issue of '']''. It explains ]'s reference to Hulagu. | |||
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Revision as of 14:50, 19 January 2006
The Battle of Baghdad in 1258 was a victory of Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan.
Baghdad was the capital of an Islamic state and was ruled by Al-Musta'sim, the current Abbasid Caliph. The Abbasid state had been in existence for over 500 years, since the accesssion of the first caliph in Baghdad 751 CE following the defeat of the previously ruling Umayyads. In century or so before the Mongol invasion, the state had lost much of its former strength due to the increasing political dominance of its Mamluk troops.
The Mongol army, led by Hulagu (or Hulegu) Khan set out to Baghdad in November of 1257. The Mongols set up camp near the Hulwan river, and some of them crossed the Tigris to attack Baghdad from the rear. Al-Musta'sim's army launched a counterattack, which at first drove back the Mongols that had crossed the Tigris, but the Mongols were able to lure their opponents into a marshy terrain. Al-Musta'sim's soldiers were routed, and only a few managed to escape back to Baghdad.
The Mongols pushed inward and reached the city wall. Baghdad was defended by an army of Mamluk soldiers and auxiliaries from some southern Iraqi tribes. There was also a Citizens' Militia. The Mongols laid siege to the city and constructed a palisade and a ditch; siege equipment was erected as well. The bombardment began on January 29 and by February 4, a breach was made. By February 5 the Mongols controlled a stretch of the wall. Al-Musta'sim tried to negotiate, but was refused.
On February 10 Baghdad surrendered. The Mongols swept into the city on February 13, which began a week of massacre, looting, and fire. The cruelty associated with the capture of the city has been chronicled many times in historical accounts of the invasion. The Grand Library of Baghdad, which contained countless precious historical documents and books on subjects ranging from medicine to astronomy, was destroyed, much as the library in the Byzantine capital of Constantinople had been fifty years previously. It was reported that the waters of the Tigris ran black with ink from the enormous quantities of books flung into the river by the Mongols. Massive loss of life resulted when citizens were killed by the Mongol army when they resisted or attempted to flee, while raping and looting destroyed order and defaced many architectural buildings within the city.
Baghdad lost most of its population and prestige for the next three centuries, but was later rebuild by the Persian Safavid dynasty in 1526.
External link
- A long article about Hulagu's conquest of Baghdad, written by Ian Frazier, appeared in the April 25, 2005 issue of The New Yorker. It explains Osama bin Laden's reference to Hulagu.