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| isbn = 9780824812171}}</ref> | isbn = 9780824812171}}</ref>
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| bgcolor="#A9A9A9" | {{flagicon|Australia}} '''<font color=f9f9f9>]</font>''' {{#tag:ref|A Crown colony of Great Britain from 1857, the Cocos Islands were granted in perpetuity to the Clunies-Ross family by ] in 1886. Its resulting ], however, was not recognised by the British government. It disbanded in 1978, when John Cecil Clunies-Ross relinquished his official authority as governor.|group=oc|name=Cocos}} || ] || 1 September 1978 {{#tag:ref|John Cecil succeeded as king upon the death of his father, on 14 August 1944. He remained overseas until 1946, during which time the islands were overseen by a military administrator. Officially, he served as ] of the territory from 1947. He relinquished his authority in 1978.|group=oc|name=Jcecil}} || ] || Last reigning ] (1944–1978). || ] || align="center" | ] || align="center" | <ref>{{cite web | bgcolor="#A9A9A9" | {{flagicon|Australia}} '''<font color=f9f9f9>]</font>''' {{#tag:ref|A Crown colony of Great Britain from 1857, the Cocos Islands were granted in perpetuity to the Clunies-Ross family by ] in 1886. Its resulting ], however, was not recognised by the British government. It disbanded in 1978, when John Cecil Clunies-Ross relinquished his official authority as governor.|group=oc|name=Cocos}} || ] || 1 September 1978 {{#tag:ref|John Cecil succeeded as king upon the death of his father, on 14 August 1944. He remained overseas until 1946, during which time the islands were overseen by a military administrator. Officially, he served as ] of the territory from 1947. He relinquished his authority in 1978.|group=oc|name=Jcecil}} || ] || Last reigning ] (1944–1978). || ] || align="center" | ] || align="center" | <ref>{{cite web
| title = Cocos Islands | title = Cocos Islands
| work = Genealogical Gleanings | work = Genealogical Gleanings
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| url = http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/cocosislands.html | url = http://uqconnect.net/~zzhsoszy/states/oceania/cocosislands.html
| accessdate = 2010-04-27}}</ref> | accessdate = 2010-04-27}}</ref>
|-
| bgcolor="#A9A9A9" rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|Hawaii}} '''<font color=f9f9f9>]</font>''' || ] || 20 May 1969 || rowspan="2" | ] {{#tag:ref|The ] was a ] line of succession of the reigning ]. The last queen, ], not having had any issue of her own, adopted and appointed the head of the Kawānanakoa as ]. The House of Kawānanakoa is now the only recognised royal family in the ], and its members are historically recognised as the presumptive heirs to the throne should the monarchy be ]. Because of an early succession dispute within the family, there are currently two claimants from this household.|group=oc|name=Kawananak}} || rowspan="2" | Descendant of ], heir apparent of ] ] (1891–1895). || rowspan="2" | ] || align="center" rowspan="3" | ] || align="center" | <ref>{{cite web
| title = The Kawananakoa Dynasty, page 4
| work = The Royal Ark
| publisher = Buyers, Christopher
| url = http://www.royalark.net/Hawaii/hawaii4.htm
| accessdate = 2010-04-27}}</ref>
|-
| ] || 29 July 1997 || align="center" | <ref>{{cite web
| title = The Kawananakoa Dynasty, page 10
| work = The Royal Ark
| publisher = Buyers, Christopher
| url = http://www.royalark.net/Hawaii/hawaii10.htm
| accessdate = 2010-04-27}}</ref>
|-
| ] || 19 September 1988 || ] || Descendant of ], half-brother of ] ] (1795–1819). || ] || align="center" | <ref>1</ref>
|- |-
| bgcolor="#A9A9A9" rowspan="3" | {{flagicon image|Tahiti flag.png}} '''<font color=f9f9f9>]</font>''' || Léopold Pomare {{#tag:ref|Recognised as the rightful heir to the Tahitian throne by a majority of the royal family's current members. He has migrated overseas, however, and currently lives in ].|group=oc|name=Leopold}} || || rowspan="3" | ] || rowspan="3" | Descendant of ] ] (1877–1880). || rowspan="3" | ] || align="center" rowspan="3" | ] || align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref>{{fr icon}} {{Cite news | bgcolor="#A9A9A9" rowspan="3" | {{flagicon image|Tahiti flag.png}} '''<font color=f9f9f9>]</font>''' || Léopold Pomare {{#tag:ref|Recognised as the rightful heir to the Tahitian throne by a majority of the royal family's current members. He has migrated overseas, however, and currently lives in ].|group=oc|name=Leopold}} || || rowspan="3" | ] || rowspan="3" | Descendant of ] ] (1877–1880). || rowspan="3" | ] || align="center" rowspan="3" | ] || align="center" rowspan="2" | <ref>{{fr icon}} {{Cite news

Revision as of 16:50, 4 June 2010

Sovereigns Constituents Pretenders

Abolished monarchies

Oceania

State Pretender Since House Claim Succession Abolition Refs
Abemama Tem Tokataake Descendant of Tem Binoka (1878–1891). Hereditary 1911
Australia Cocos Islands John Cecil Clunies-Ross 1 September 1978 Clunies-Ross Last reigning King (1944–1978). Hereditary 1978
Hawaii Hawaiʻi Abigail Kawānanakoa 20 May 1969 Kawānanakoa Descendant of David Kawānanakoa, heir apparent of Queen Liliʻuokalani (1891–1895). Hereditary 1895
Quentin Kawānanakoa 29 July 1997
Noa Kalokuokamaile 19 September 1988 Laʻanui Descendant of Kalokuokamaile, half-brother of King Kamehameha I (1795–1819). Hereditary
Tahiti Léopold Pomare Pomare Descendant of Queen Pōmare IV (1877–1880). Hereditary 1880
Joinville Pomare 28 May 2009
Tauatomo Mairau 17 March 2005

Asia

Indonesia

List of Indonesian pretenders
State Pretender Since House Claim Succession Abolition Refs

Traditional monarchies

America

State Polity Monarch Since House Succession Refs
Panama Panama Naso Disputed 30 May 2004 Santana Elective and Hereditary

Asia

State Polity Monarch Since House Succession Refs
Bangladesh Bangladesh Bohmong Raja Aung Shwe Prue Chowdhury Hereditary and Elective
Chakma Raja Debashish 12 November 1971 Roy Hereditary
Mong Raja Saching Prue 17 January 2009 Chowdhury Hereditary and Elective
East Timor East Timor Oecusse Liurai Antonio I 4 May 2001 Da Costa Hereditary
India India Daher Raja Tapatrao Anandrao Rajput Hereditary
Gadhvi Raja Yashwant Rao Hereditary
Linga Raja Bhavarsingh Hereditary
Pimpri Raja Trikamrao Sahebrao Hereditary
Vasurna Raja Chandra Singh Hereditary
Malaysia Malaysia Jelebu Dato' Musa bin Abdul Wahab 4 February 1980 Sarin Elective and Hereditary
Johol Dato' Muhammad bin ‘Abdul Ghani 13 March 2007 Gemencheh Elective and Hereditary
Rembau Dato' Muhammad bin Sharif Othman 21 November 1998 Jakun Elective and Hereditary
Sungai Ujong Dato' Mubarak bin Dohak 29 December 1993 Hulu Elective and Hereditary
Tampin Tunku Besar Syed Razman 26 December 2005 Al Qadri Hereditary

Indonesia

State Polity Monarch Since House Succession Refs
Indonesia Indonesia Amanatun * Usif Pah Gustaf 26 September 1996 Banunaek Hereditary
Amanuban * Usif Pah Nesi 1980 Nope Hereditary
Amarasi * Usif Pah Robert 1990 Koroh Hereditary
Amfoan * Usif Pah Robert 27 September 2001 Manoch Hereditary
Arguni * Raja Hanafi Pauspaus Hereditary
Asahan Sultan Kamal Abrahim Abdul Jalil Rahmatsyah 17 May 1980 Pinangawan Hereditary
Bacan * Sultan Gahral Adyan Syah 21 September 2009 Labuha Hereditary
Banggai Tomundo Mohamad Fikran Ramadhan 27 January 2010 Awaluddin Hereditary
Bangkara * Raja Sisingamangaraja XV 24 December 1972 Pasaribu Hereditary
Bangli * Anak Agung Made Rai Rama 1961 Gelgel Hereditary
Banjarmasin * Sultan Khairul Saleh Banjar Hereditary
Banten * Sultan Ismetullah Wase Al-Abbas Surosowan Hereditary
Barnusa * Raja Akbar Salim Baso Hereditary
Barru * Arung Hasanuddin Petta Tawang Hereditary
Batulolong * Raja Constantijn 1996 Karimalei Hereditary
Biboki * Usif Pah Johanis Tnesi Us Boko Hereditary
Bima Jena Teke Zulkarnain 17 June 2001 Dewa Dalam Bawa Hereditary
Bone * Arumpone Baso Hamid Bugis Hereditary
Buleleng Anak Agung Ngurah Brawida 2 June 1978 Panji Sakti Hereditary
Bulungan * Sultan Abdul Hamid 2 December 2008 Hereditary
Buton * Sultan Muhammad La Ode Manarfa Kaimuddin 1959 Hereditary
Deli Sultan Aria Lamanjiji 22 July 2005 Maimoon Hereditary
Denpasar Tjokorda Ngurah Jambe 25 November 2005 Pemecutan Hereditary
Dompu * Sultan Abdul Azis Sirajuddin Hereditary
Fatagar Raja Taufiq Heru 31 December 2009 Uswanas Hereditary
Gianyar * Anak Agung Gde Agung II 22 April 1999 Hereditary
Gowa * Somba Andi Kumala Karaeng Sila 1978 Hereditary
Gunung Tabur * Sultan Iskandar Ayub Berau Hereditary
Hitu * Raja Salhana Pelu 21 March 2007 Hitulama Hereditary
Indragiri Sultan Tengku Arief 1 February 1986 Hereditary
Insana * Usif Pah Theodorus 1991 Taolin Hereditary
Jailolo Sultan Abdullah Syah January 2002 Hereditary
Kacirebonan Sultan Abdul Gani Natadiningrat III 28 October 1997 Kacirebonan Hereditary
Kaimana * Rat Umis Abdul Hakim Achmad 1980 Aituarauw Hereditary
Kanoman Sultan Muhammad Emiruddin 6 March 2003 Kanoman Hereditary
Karangasem Anak Agung Gde Agung Putra Agung 9 April 2009 Karangasem Hereditary
Kasepuhan Sultan Sepuh XIII 14 May 1989 Kasepuhan Hereditary
Kesiman * Tjokorda Ngurah Kusuma Wardhana 1989 Kesiman Hereditary
Kisar * Raja Johannis Bakker Hereditary
Kolana * Raja Yusuf Makunimau Taruwamang Hereditary
Klungkung * Dewa Agung Gde Agung 1998 Dewa Agung Hereditary
Kotawaringin * Pangeran Ratu Muasyidin Syah 1975 Hereditary
Kubu * Tuan Besar Syarif Rafik 4 March 2008 Al Aidarus Hereditary
Kui * Raja Kaharuddin Kinanggi Hereditary
Kupang Usif Pah Leopold Isu 14 November 1992 Nisnoni Elective and Hereditary
Kutai Sultan Muhammad Salehuddin II 22 September 2001 Kutai Hereditary
Lamakera * Raja Abdul Gafur Ibrahim Dasi 1987 Hereditary
Lamaknen * Loro Josef Kalimau 16 October 2003 Bunak Elective and Hereditary
Landak Pangeran Ratu Suryansyah Amiruddin 24 January 2000 Ismahayana Hereditary
Langkat Sultan Azwar Abdul Jalil Rahmatsyah 21 May 2003 Hereditary
Lohayong * Raja Achmad Kalake 1977 Hereditary
Loloda * Jogugu Lutfi Muhammad 30 August 2009 Syamsuddin Hereditary
Luwu * Datu Iwan Alamsyah Bau Djemma Barue 2006 Bugis Hereditary
Mamuju * Maradia Maksum Dai Hereditary
Mangkunegaran Mangku Negara IX 3 September 1987 Mangku Negara Hereditary
Matan * Pangeran Ratu Uti Iwan Kusnadi Hereditary
Mempawah Pangeran Ratu Mulawangsa Adijaya 12 August 2002 Amantubillah Hereditary
Miomaffo * Raja Alfons 1986 Kono Hereditary
Mollo * Usif Pah Edison 12 August 2001 Oematan Hereditary
Mori * Mokole Kumampu Marunduh Hereditary
Namatota * Raja Hayum Ombaier Kowiai Hereditary
Noimuti * Usif Pah António II Da Costa Hereditary
Pagaruyung * Raja Alam Muhammad Taufik Thaib 10 June 2007 Minangkabau Hereditary
Pakualaman Paku Alam IX 26 May 1999 Paku Alam Hereditary
Pelalawan Tengku Besar Assaidissyarif Kamaruddin 7 August 2008 Hereditary
Palembang Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin III 19 November 2006 Hereditary
Pamecutan Tjokorda Ngurah Manik Parisara 1986 Pemecutan Hereditary
Pandai * Raja Baharuddin Pelaboka Hereditary
Pasir * Pangeran Ratu Aji Abdul Rasyid 2000 Belengkong Hereditary
Patipi * Rat Umis Ahmad Iba Hereditary
Pontianak Sultan Syarif Abubakar 15 January 2004 Al Kadri Hereditary
Riau-Lingga * Sultan Abdul Rahman 8 April 1964 Bendahara Hereditary
Rumbati Raja Abubakar Saleh Bauw 8 January 2010 Rumbati Hereditary
Salawati * Raja Bapak Taher Arfan Hereditary
Sambaliung Sultan Fachruddin 19 October 2009 Berau Hereditary
Sambas Pangeran Ratu Muhammad Tarhan 3 February 2008 Alwatzkubillah Hereditary
Sanggau Pangeran Ratu Arman Surya 26 July 2009 Suryanegara Hereditary
Sanrabone Karaeng Ali Mallongbasi 25 July 2008 Sanrabone Hereditary
Sekadau Pangeran Agung Muhammad Efendi 28 February 2009 Hereditary
Selimbau * Panembahan Muhammad Asbi Assidiqi Hereditary
Serdang Sultan Bashar Syah II 28 January 2001 Hereditary
Siak Sultan Nasir Abduldjalil Saifuddin VI 23 April 1968 Syihab Hereditary
Siguntur * Sultan Hendri Tuanku Bagindo 1968 Siguntur Hereditary
Simpang Sultan Muhammad Jamaluddin II 31 May 2008 Hereditary
Sintang Panembahan Kusuma Negara V 26 September 2005 Kusumanegara Hereditary
Soya * Raja Lodewijk 9 December 2005 Rehatta Hereditary and Elective
Soppeng * Datu Andi Unru Mappanjantji Hereditary
Sumbawa * Sultan Muhammad Abdurahman Kaharuddin Hereditary
Surakarta Susuhunan Pakubuwono XIII 10 September 2004 Pakubuwono Hereditary
Tabanan * Tjokorda Anglurah 21 March 2008 Hereditary
Tallo * Karaeng Abdul Rauf Maro Hereditary
Ternate Sultan Mudaffar Syah II 29 November 1986 Hereditary
Tidore Sultan Djafar Syah 22 April 1999 Hereditary
Tulehu * Raja John Saleh 13 February 2003 Ohorella Hereditary
Ubud Tjokorda Gde Putra 20 July 1978 Sukawati Hereditary
Wetuar Raja Musa 15 April 1988 Heremba Hereditary

Notes

Africa

America

  1. The most recent (since 31 May 1998) king (or pru), Tito, was deposed by a vote of no confidence in the Leadership Council, and was replaced (on 30 May 2004) by Valentín. The former, who is no longer in office, has disputed the legality of the deposition, and still claims the title. The new king has not yet been recognised by the government of Panama.
  2. Succession is determined by the vote of the general adult population. An election for a new monarch may take place upon any occasion in which an eligible member of the royal family wishes to be considered. Until recently, the traditional law of succession followed a pattern similar to the rota system.

Asia

Indonesia

  1. Known within his community as "Gia".
  2. ^ An Atoni dynasty.
  3. The royal family of Amarasi was originally an Atoni dynasty. However, the current lineage (the Koroh family) is descended from the Dj'awa dynasty of Savu.
  4. Became head of the royal family upon the death of his father on 6 April 1980.
  5. This sultan has died. His date of death is 21 September 2009. Please find the name of his successor.
  6. The present tomundo, born in 1993, is a minor. His uncle, the Raja Muda Irwan Zaman Awaluddin, currently acts as regent.
  7. Also commonly written as Bakkara.
  8. Also known by his birth name, Tonggo Tua Sinambela. It is unclear whether or not he has been officially recognised, or even installed.
  9. A Batak dynasty.
  10. Sovereignty in Barnusa was historically divided between two ruling clans: the Baso and the Blegur, the leaders of which both wore the title Raja of Barnusa. The Blegur family was later given the lesser title Kapitan of Barnusa by the Dutch colonial government. The title remains hereditary and prestige is traditionally divided equally. The current Kapitan is Bastian C. Blegur (since 1973).
  11. Pending his formal coronation as Sultan Bima XV, Iskandar Zulkarnain wears the title of crown prince. Currently acting as princess regent (since May 2001) is his aunt, Siti Maryam Salahuddin.
  12. Later also known as Bone Saoraja, or the Bugis Sultanate.
  13. ^ A branch of the Gelgel dynasty.
  14. Also written as Butung or Boeton.
  15. The present sultan, born in 1997, is a minor. His grand uncle, the Raja Muda Tengku Hamdi, currently acts as regent.
  16. ^ The rajas of Denpasar and Pamecutan, two dynastical divisions of the formerly unified kingdom of Badung, both use the hereditary regnal name "Pemecutan". Ngurah Jambe of Denpasar is formally referred to as Pemecutan IX, while Ngurah Manik of Pamecutan is known as Pemecutan XI. The numerical appendages are not interconnected.
  17. ^ A branch of the Badung dynasty.
  18. The royal family of Fatagar is descended from the Rumbati dynasty.
  19. Also known after its capital Makassar.
  20. ^ Local translation of the raja's title is Upu Latu.
  21. Known within his community as "Olis".
  22. ^ A branch of the Cirebon dynasty. In 1662, the sultanate of Cirebon was divided between three branches of the ruling dynasty: (in order of seniority) Kasepuhan, Kanoman, and Kacirebonan.
  23. Also known as Adi.
  24. A Kowiai dynasty.
  25. Following the death of the previous sultan, Muhammad Djalaluddin, a dispute of succession arose between two of his sons. Muhammad Emiruddin, the current occupant of the palace, is the rightful heir to his father according to the relevant laws of succession. He was actively opposed by his elder half-brother, Muhammad Saladin, who was "installed" by his supporters on 5 March 2003. Whether the dispute still exists is unclear; according to some sources, the local government has recognised Emiruddin as the sole successor.
  26. Kupang, named after its capital, was formed as a confederation of Timorese fiefdoms: Amabi, Funai, Sonbai Kecil, Taebenu, and the Helong. Leopold Isu Nisnoni is presently the chief of Sonbai Kecil, and has also been accepted as regent of the confederacy. He has not, however, been officially installed as king. The other current chiefs are: Gideon Broery of Amabi, and Esthon Leyloh of Funai (also spelled Foenay). The present chief of the Helong nation is Soleman Bislissin. They are all hereditary positions.
  27. Kutai Kartanegara Ing Martadipura was officially revived as a traditional polity in 1999. Muhammad Salehuddin II has been legally recognised as sultan by the government of Indonesia since that time, although he had held the title in pretence since 1992. His formal coronation took place in 2001.
  28. ^ A Dayak dynasty.
  29. While the elected loros do not belong to any one royal lineage, succession has historically been limited to the Bunak people.
  30. Lamaknen was formed as a confederation of small Timorese fiefdoms. Its monarch is elected by the hereditary chiefs of each constituent state. The chiefs themselves are not normally considered candidates for election.
  31. Also written as Lawayong.
  32. ^ A branch of the Kartasura dynasty.
  33. Also uses the regnal title Panembahan XIII.
  34. ^ A Bugis dynasty.
  35. Originally subordinate to the Sonbai kingdom under the name of Amakono.
  36. The name is also written Namatotathe or Namatotte.
  37. The Pagaruyung kingdom was traditionally headed by a tripartite monarchy, consisting of the Raja Alam, the Raja Adat and the Raja Ibadat, collectively known as the "Kings of the Three Seats". The latter two were religious titles, while the first was considered the paramount ruler (or emperor) of the temporal world.
  38. Also known as Patipithe.
  39. Ahmad Iba, brother of the previous raja, is presently regent of Patipi. The Raja Muda Atarai Iba is expected to be installed as raja in the future.
  40. Also known as the Alkadrie, Kadriah, or Kadariah dynasty.
  41. The current dynasty is descended from the royal family of Terengganu, and are of mixed Malay and Bugis descent. Historically, the sultan's family, who were Malay, was based in Lingga, whilst a viceroy, who was always of Bugis descent, governed the Riau Islands. The two ruling lines merged in 1899.
  42. Salawati was one of four vassal kingdoms in the Raja Ampat Islands, created by the Sultan of Tidore. The others were Misool, Waigama and Waigeu.
  43. Muhammad Tarhan succeeded as head of the royal family following the death of his father in 2008. Like his father, however, he has not been formally installed as sultan, and instead presently acts as prince regent. He is also a minor, born in 1993.
  44. Also known as Bone Takalar.
  45. A branch of the Gowa dynasty.
  46. Also known after its capital, Siak Sri Indrapura.
  47. Also commonly written as Sampang.
  48. Mohammed Ikhsani Shafiuddin was officially installed as Panembahan Sri Kusuma Negara V in 2005. Prior to that, he had held the title in pretence, and his succession to the title had been officially recognised by the Indonesian government on 17 September 2003.
  49. Lodewijk was elected as Raja of Soya on 24 May 2005. He was officially installed later, in December of the same year.
  50. Also commonly known as Solo.
  51. Upon the death of Pakubuwono XII in 2004, with no successor named, there arose two rival claims to the throne. Two of his sons, Hangabehi and Tejowulan, each had themselves "crowned" as the next Susuhunan. The dispute likely still exists, although family consensus apparently favours the elder brother, Hangabehi. In either case, both claimants would use the regnal name of Pakubuwono XIII.
  52. Since 1380, the rulers of Ternate have also held the title Kolano Maloko, which denotes supremacy among the Moluccan sultanates. Prior to then it had been worn by the ruler of Jailolo.
  53. Mudaffar Syah was officially installed as sultan in 1986. Prior to that, he had held the title in pretence as head of his household since 4 July 1975.
  54. Pak Putra is the eldest son of Tjokorda Gde Agung Sukawati, the previous head of the royal family and the last recognised king of Ubud. He succeeded as head of the family on 20 July 1978, following the death of his father. He has not yet been installed as king, however, and instead presently serves as prince regent.

Others

  1. The Bohmong Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Marma population, and the traditional king of the Bohmong Circle (Bohmong Htaung), one of three tribal circles in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
  2. The Chakma Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Chakma population, and the traditional king of the Chakma Circle, one of three tribal circles in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
  3. The Mong Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Arakanese population, and the traditional king of the Mong Circle (Phalang Htaung), one of three tribal circles in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
  4. After the neighbouring kingdom of Ambeno was annexed in 1912, it changed its name to Oecusse-Ambeno.
  5. Antonio was recognised as liurai in 2001, but has not yet been officially installed. He presently acts as regent.
  6. ^ A Topass dynasty.
  7. The kings of the five traditional states known collectively as the Dangs are the only royals in India whose titles are recognised by the government. Each raja receives an annual pension from the state, owing to an agreement made with the British colonial government in 1842.
  8. The current Raja of Gadhvi has been missing since 1992. His son and heir, Karan Singh, is presently acting as prince regent.
  9. These five traditional chiefdoms are part of the confederacy of Negeri Sembilan, a federated state of Malaysia. The ruling chiefs of Jelebu, Johol, Rembau, and Sungai Ujong form the Undang Laut, who will decide the next Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan. Tampin is a separate hereditary principality.
  10. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the three highest noble families: the Waris Ulu Jelebu, Waris Sarin, and Waris Kemin.
  11. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the male descendants of the first ruler, following the matrilineal line.
  12. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the direct descendants of two noble families: the Waris Jakun and Waris Jawa. The position is, by informal agreement, alternated between the heads of the two houses.
  13. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the direct descendants of two noble families: the Waris Hulu and Waris Hilir.
  14. The Yang di-Pertuan Muda (prince) succeeds according to the laws of male primogeniture, but must also receive confirmation from the reigning Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.

Europe

Oceania

  1. Although his family no longer holds any inherent political power, Tokataake remains a highly influential member of the community. He has served a number of terms as the member for Abemama in the national parliament.
  2. A Crown colony of Great Britain from 1857, the Cocos Islands were granted in perpetuity to the Clunies-Ross family by Queen Victoria in 1886. Its resulting self-proclaimed monarchy, however, was not recognised by the British government. It disbanded in 1978, when John Cecil Clunies-Ross relinquished his official authority as governor.
  3. John Cecil succeeded as king upon the death of his father, on 14 August 1944. He remained overseas until 1946, during which time the islands were overseen by a military administrator. Officially, he served as governor of the territory from 1947. He relinquished his authority in 1978.
  4. The House of Kawānanakoa was a collateral line of succession of the reigning Kalākaua dynasty. The last queen, Liliʻuokalani, not having had any issue of her own, adopted and appointed the head of the Kawānanakoa as heir apparent. The House of Kawānanakoa is now the only recognised royal family in the United States, and its members are historically recognised as the presumptive heirs to the throne should the monarchy be revived. Because of an early succession dispute within the family, there are currently two claimants from this household.
  5. Recognised as the rightful heir to the Tahitian throne by a majority of the royal family's current members. He has migrated overseas, however, and currently lives in Paris.
  6. An adopted member of the family. He was "enthroned" as Pomare XI during a ceremony attended by descendants of local chiefs. The enthronement was rejected by other members of the royal family.
  7. An active claimant to the Tahitian throne, Tauatomo has attempted to reassert the status of the monarchy through litigation against the French government. In 2004, he was recognised by a local court as the Prince Royal of Taha’a.

References

  1. St. James. "Kiribati: Words and Waters". Common Ground 191. Retrieved 2010-06-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |fist= ignored (help)
  2. Grimble, Sir Arthur Francis (1989). Tungaru traditions: writings on the Atoll culture of the Gilbert Islands. University of Hawaii Press. p. 382. ISBN 9780824812171. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. "Cocos Islands". Genealogical Gleanings. Soszynski, Henry. University of Queensland. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  4. "The Kawananakoa Dynasty, page 4". The Royal Ark. Buyers, Christopher. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  5. "The Kawananakoa Dynasty, page 10". The Royal Ark. Buyers, Christopher. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
  6. 1
  7. Template:Fr icon "Joinville Pomare s'est fait introniser roi Pomare XI". Tahitienne de Presse. 28 May 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  8. Cook Islands News (17 March 2010). "King Mairau forges links between Tahiti and Cooks". Islands Business International. Rarotonga. Retrieved 2010-06-02.
  9. Jackson, Eric (6 December 2009). "Naso land claims talks appear to be designed to fail". The Panama News. Panamá City, Panama.
  10. Mostafij, Shohag (8 November 2009). "Bandarban". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2010-06-01.
  11. Ahmed, Aftab (1993). "Ethnicity and insurgency in the Chittagong Hill tracts region". Commonwealth & Comparative Politics. 31 (3). Routledge: 32–66. Retrieved 2010-06-01. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
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