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Sovereigns Constituents Pretenders

Traditional monarchies

America

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Panama	Naso	Disputed	30 May 2004	Santana	Elective and Hereditary

Asia

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Bangladesh	Bohmong	Raja Aung Shwe Prue		Chowdhury	Hereditary and Elective
	Chakma	Raja Debashish	12 November 1971	Roy	Hereditary
	Mong	Raja Saching Prue	17 January 2009	Chowdhury	Hereditary and Elective
East Timor	Oecusse	Liurai Antonio I	4 May 2001	Da Costa	Hereditary
India	Daher	Raja Tapatrao Anandrao		Rajput	Hereditary
	Gadhvi	Raja Yashwant Rao			Hereditary
	Linga	Raja Bhavarsingh			Hereditary
	Pimpri	Raja Trikamrao Sahebrao			Hereditary
	Vasurna	Raja Chandra Singh			Hereditary
Malaysia	Jelebu	Dato' Musa bin Abdul Wahab	4 February 1980	Sarin	Elective and Hereditary
	Johol	Dato' Muhammad bin ‘Abdul Ghani	13 March 2007	Gemencheh	Elective and Hereditary
	Rembau	Dato' Muhammad bin Sharif Othman	21 November 1998	Jakun	Elective and Hereditary
	Sungai Ujong	Dato' Mubarak bin Dohak	29 December 1993	Hulu	Elective and Hereditary
	Tampin	Tunku Besar Syed Razman	26 December 2005	Al Qadri	Hereditary

Oceania

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Cook Islands	Aitutaki	Manarangi Tutai Ariki	2000	Vaipaepae o Pau	Hereditary
		Tamatoa Purua Ariki			Hereditary
		Vaeruarangi Teaukura Ariki			Hereditary
	Atiu	Parua Mataio Kea Ariki		Nurau	Hereditary
		Rongomatane Ada Ariki	1972	Paruarangi	Hereditary
		Ngamaru Henry Ariki	1995	Te Akatuira	Hereditary
	Mangaia	Numangatini Nooroa Ariki		Nga Ariki	Hereditary
	Manihiki	Te Fakaheo Trainee Ariki		Hukutahu	Hereditary
		Vacant		Matangaro	Hereditary
	Mauke	Tamuera Ariki		Nurau	Hereditary
		Tararo Temaeva Ariki		Paruarangi	Hereditary
		Te Au Marae Ariki		Te Akatuira	Hereditary
	Mitiaro	Tou Travel Ariki		Nurau	Hereditary
		Tetava Poitirere Ariki		Paruarangi	Hereditary
		Temaeu Teikamata Ariki		Te Akatuira	Hereditary
	Pukapuka	Tetio Kaitara Pakitonga Paulo Paulo Ariki	24 December 2008	Pukapuka	Hereditary
	Rarotonga	Makea Vakatini Joseph Ariki		Te Au o Tonga	Hereditary
		Makea Karika Margaret Ariki	14 May 1949		Hereditary
		Vacant	1994		Hereditary
		Pa Tapaeru Marie Ariki	27 June 1990	Takitumu	Hereditary
		Kainuku Kapiriterangi Ariki	6 May 2006		Hereditary
		Tinomana Ruta Tuoro Ariki	1991	Puaikura	Hereditary
Marshall Islands	Ailinglaplap	Iroijlaplap Anjua Loeak	20 May 1976	Loeak	Elective and Hereditary
	Kwajalein	Iroijlaplap Imata Kabua	20 December 1996	Kabua	Elective and Hereditary
	Majuro	Leroij Atama Zedkaia		Zedkaia	Elective and Hereditary
	North Ratak	Iroijlaplap Remios Hermios	10 December 1998	Hermios	Elective and Hereditary
FSM	Madolenihmw	Nahnmwarki Kerpet Ehpel	November 2008	Dipwinpahnmei	Elective and Hereditary
	Sokehs	Nahnmwarki Herculano Kohler	1997	Sounkawad	Elective and Hereditary
	Uh	Nahnmwarki Welter John	30 September 1991	Lasialap	Elective and Hereditary
New Caledonia	Kunié	High Chief Hilarion Vendégou	26 September 1974	Vendégou	Hereditary
	Maré	High Chief Dokucas Naisseline	6 June 2007	Naisseline	Hereditary
	Lifou	High Chief Evanes Boula	13 June 1999	Boula	Hereditary
New Zealand	Kīngitanga	Arikinui Tuheitia	21 August 2006	Te Wherowhero	Elective and Hereditary
	Tūwharetoa	Arikinui Te Heuheu Tūkino VIII	5 August 1997	Te Heuheu	Hereditary
Palau	Koror	Ibedul Yutaka Gibbons	September 1972	Ngerekldeu	Hereditary and Elective
	Melekeok	Reklai Bao Ngirmang	1998	Ngetelngal	Hereditary and Elective
Samoa		Tupua Tamasese Tupuola Tufuga Efi	1 July 1983	Sa Tupua	Hereditary and Elective
		Tuimaleali'ifano Va'aletoa Sualauvi II	1977	Taua'ana	Hereditary and Elective
		Vacant	December 1997	Sa Mata'afa	Hereditary and Elective
		Vacant	11 May 2007	Sa Mālietoa	Hereditary and Elective
Tuvalu	Funafuti	Aliki Siaosi Finiki			Elective and Hereditary
	Nanumanga	Aliki Talivai Sovola			Elective and Hereditary
	Nanumea	Aliki Iliala Lima			Elective and Hereditary
	Niutao	Aliki Iosefa Lagafaoa			Elective and Hereditary
	Nui	Aliki Falani Mekuli			Elective and Hereditary
	Nukufetau	Aliki Valoaga Fonotapu			Elective and Hereditary
	Nukulaelae	Aliki Aifou Tafia			Elective and Hereditary
	Vaitupu	Aliki Londoni Panapa			Elective and Hereditary

Notes

Africa

America

1. The most recent (since 31 May 1998) king, Tito, was deposed by a vote of no confidence in the Leadership Council, and was replaced (on 30 May 2004) by Valentín. The former, who is no longer in office, has disputed the legality of the deposition, and still claims the title. The new king has not yet been recognised by the government of Panama.
2. Succession is determined by the vote of the general adult population. An election for a new monarch may take place upon any occasion in which an eligible member of the royal family wishes to be considered. Until recently, the traditional law of succession followed a pattern similar to the rota system.

Asia

Indonesia

Others

1. The Bohmong Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Marma population, and the traditional king of the Bohmong Circle (Bohmong Htaung), one of three tribal circles in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
2. The Chakma Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Chakma population, and the traditional king of the Chakma Circle, one of three tribal circles in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
3. The Mong Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Arakanese population, and the traditional king of the Mong Circle (Phalang Htaung), one of three tribal circles in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
4. After the neighbouring kingdom of Ambeno was annexed in 1912, it changed its name to Oecusse-Ambeno.
5. Antonio was recognised as liurai in 2001, but has not yet been officially installed. He presently acts as regent.
6. A Topass dynasty.
7. The kings of the five traditional states known collectively as the Dangs are the only royals in India whose titles are recognised by the government. Each raja receives an annual pension from the state, owing to an agreement made with the British colonial government in 1842.
8. The current Raja of Gadhvi has been missing since 1992. His son and heir, Karan Singh, is presently acting as prince regent.
9. These five traditional chiefdoms are part of the confederacy of Negeri Sembilan, a federated state of Malaysia. The ruling chiefs of Jelebu, Johol, Rembau, and Sungai Ujong form the Undang Laut, who will decide the next Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan. Tampin is a separate hereditary principality.
10. Formally enthroned on 20 November 1981.
11. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the three highest noble families: the Waris Ulu Jelebu, Waris Sarin, and Waris Kemin.
12. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the male descendants of the first ruler, following the matrilineal line.
13. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the direct descendants of two noble families: the Waris Jakun and Waris Jawa. The position is, by informal agreement, alternated between the heads of the two houses.
14. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the direct descendants of two noble families: the Waris Hulu and Waris Hilir.
15. Formally enthroned on 12 August 2006.
16. The Yang di-Pertuan Muda (prince) succeeds according to the laws of male primogeniture, but must also receive confirmation from the reigning Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.

Europe

Oceania

1. Each major atoll in the Cook Islands has a certain number of arikis, ceremonial high chiefs who together form the Are Ariki, a parliamentary advisory body with up to 24 seats. The only domains not listed are those of Manuae, on which current information is inadequate, and Penrhyn, whose chiefly line is extinct. Styles and names are listed in their conventional local form. In addition to the generic title of ariki, which is worn at the end of one's name, each chiefly line carries its own unique style, which is placed at the beginning. Thus, if the chief's name is "Henry" and his title is "Ngamaru", then he is known as "Ngamaru Henry Ariki".
2. Her full regnal name is "Ada Teaupurepure Tetupu".
3. The two high chiefs on Manihiki also traditionally reign over neighbouring Rakahanga. They represent the populace of both islands in the Are Ariki.
4. The title is also often written as Whakaheo Ariki.
5. Arikis of this line belong to either the Numatua or Tiangarotonga tribes.
6. The throne of Te Faingaitu Ariki (alternatively Whaingaitu) is currently vacant. It is apparently disputed between a number of members of the eligible tribes, but no information is available on the claimants.
7. Arikis of this line belong to either the Heahiro or Mokopuwai tribes.
8. Sources are unclear on the actual name of the current Tamuera Ariki (often written Samuela Ariki).
9. His name is sometimes written "Te Maeva" or simply "Maeva".
10. The Makea Nui Ariki is one of three high chiefs in the Te Au o Tonga tribe on Rarotonga. The previous died in 1994, and her successor has yet to be agreed upon. Several members of the tribe claim rightful inheritance of the title. Succession is traditionally limited to the Rangi Makea clan; the three other clans of the tribe (Sadaraka, Mere and Upokotokoa) are considered junior branches. Mere Maraea MacQuarrie, the youngest daughter of the last ariki, is the only known claimant from the Rangi Makea clan, and is apparently the contender most likely to be granted the title. Other contenders include Stanley Adam Hunt, Yolande Browne, and Matapo Oti Oti, all of whom claim descent from one or another of the earlier arikis. The first of these, Hunt, was "invested" with the Makea Nui title under the regnal name "Takaia Tutavake"; the ceremony, which took place 16 May 2009, was not recognised by the government.
11. Her full regnal name is "Tapaeru Teariki Upokotini Marie", although she is most commonly known simply as "Pa Marie".
12. There are three separate lineages eligible for the Puaikura chieftaincy, all of which descend from Tinomana Enuarurutini (ca. 1820–1854) and one of his three wives. They are (in order of seniority): Te Pori, Oakirangi, and Akaiti. The current ariki belongs to the Akaiti line.
13. The government of the Marshall Islands recognises a total of twelve chiefly domains, called mojen, each headed by one or several paramount chiefs. Each domain is represented in the Council of Iroij, a legislative body of traditional chiefs guaranteed by the Constitution.
14. This domain covers the islands of Ailuk, Aur, Maloelap, Taongi, Utirik and Wotje in the Ratak Chain. Its ruling clan has also laid claim to nearby Wake Island, under the name Eneen-Kio.
15. This chief is normally referred to as the Isipahu.
16. The ruling line belongs specifically to the Inenkatau (or Upwutenmai) sept of the Dipwinpahnmei clan.
17. This chief is normally referred to as the Sangiro.
18. The ruling line belongs specifically to the Sounpasedo sept of the Lasialap clan.
19. Hilarion was recognised as grand chef in 1974, but, due to a violent succession dispute with his relative Jean-Marie Vendégou, was not formally enthroned until later, on 7 July 1979. He is also the incumbent mayor of the island commune, until 2014.
20. ^ A Kanak dynasty.
21. The Naisseline family is a branch of the Netché, a tribe of Kanaks.
22. The throne of the grand chef on Maré Island is traditionally held by the chief of Guahma district, which is an hereditary position.
23. The throne of the grand chef on Lifou Island, which also rules over Ouvéa, is traditionally held by the chief of Lössi district, an hereditary position.
24. Commonly referred to as the "Māori King Movement". Its elected ariki nui is often called the "Māori King" due to his nationalistic influence over all Māori tribes as a symbol of unity. This title is not recognised by the government of New Zealand.
25. Te Wherowhero is the lineage of the first king. It belongs to the Waikato iwi, which is part of the Tainui confederation.
26. The monarch is appointed for life by the chiefs of the various tribes involved in the Kīngitanga movement. Traditionally, selection is limited to direct descendants of the first king: Pōtatau I, who was from the Waikato tribe. However, on principal, inheritance is open to any lineage should the electing chiefs be in agreement.
27. Palau is divided into 16 traditional polities. The 16-seat Council of Chiefs, which is made up of the traditional chiefs from each constituent state, is an advisory body to the President. The chiefs of Koror and Melekeok, the highest chiefs from Eoueldaob and Babeldaob respectively, are recognised as the two paramount chiefs of the nation.
28. ^ This is not the name of the ruling house or clan. It is instead the ritual name used by the successive chiefs from this lineage.
29. ^ Chiefs are selected by the seniormost women of the ruling clan.
30. There are four paramount chiefs in Western Samoa, each presiding over a royal lineage (Tama a ‘Āiga) of past kings. Chiefs in Samoa are afforded a considerable degree of power. The national parliament, the Fono, is comprised exclusively of chiefly titleholders (matai). The office of head of state (the O le Ao o le Malo) is traditionally reserved for senior members of the four royal lineages, although this is not required by the Constitution.
31. Tufuga Efi also holds (since 1 July 1983) the chiefly title of Tui Atua Fa'asavali, and is the incumbent (since 20 June 2007) head of state of Samoa.
32. The throne of the Mata'afa has been vacant since 1997; little information beyond that is available.
33. The throne of the Mālietoa has been vacant since 2007. The current claimant, Papali'i Fa'amausili Moli, succeeded to the throne as "Moli II" in a bestowal ceremony on 29 June 2007. However, an interim order in the High Court (dated 27 September 2007) prevents his use of the title under any circumstance. The interim was demanded by senior representatives from the Talavou and Natuitasina branches of the clan, who were allegedly not consulted to nominate the new titleholder. The holder of this title also wears the chiefly title of Susuga.
34. The lineage associated with this title consists of three branches: Sa Moli, Sa Talavou and Sa Natuitasina (also spelled Gatuitasina). As the succession law dictates, heirs of all three branches are equally entitled to hold the title, and ascension of an heir to the title is subject to nomination and consensus from all three branches. The most recent titleholders have been exclusively from the Moli sept.
35. Each island or atoll of Tuvalu has a traditional high chief, the ulu-aliki, who is recognised by and plays an active ceremonial role in the national government. Thrones are primarily elective, but candidates are limited to members of a certain number of chiefly clans.
36. Funafuti's traditional chieftaincy is limited to senior members of two chiefly clans. By custom, succession rotates between the two lineages.
37. The high chief, or Pulefenua, is elected by a council of chiefs (the Fale Kaupule) from amongst senior members of Nanumea's seven chiefly clans, all of which claim descent from the island's first settlers.

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External links