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This is a list of currently reigning traditional monarchs. Each monarch listed below reigns over a legally recognised dominion, but possesses no sovereign governing power. Their titles are recognised by the state for traditional and cultural reasons. Entries are listed beside their respective dominions, and are grouped by country.

Africa

Uganda

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Uganda	Acholi	Rwot Acana II	15 January 2005	Payira	Hereditary
	Alur	Rwoth Obima Rauni III	August 2000		Hereditary
	Ankole	Omugabe Ntare VI	20 November 1993	Bahinda	Hereditary
	Buganda	Kabaka Muwenda Mutebi II	24 July 1993	Abalasangeye	Hereditary
	Bunyoro	Omukama Iguru I	24 July 1993	Babito	Hereditary
	Busoga	Disputed	5 October 2009	Basoga	Elective and Hereditary
	Iteso	Emorimor Augustine Osuban	4 May 2000		Elective
	Jonam	Rwoth Marcellino Olar Ker	1 March 2008		Hereditary
	Kebu Yuu	Azzu Ephraim Kebbi	14 June 2008	Yuu	Elective
	Kooki	Kamuswaga Kabumbuli II	15 May 2004	Babito	Hereditary
	Lango	Won Nyaci Yosam Odur-Ebii	10 December 2005		Elective
	Padhola	Adhola Moses Stephen Owor	7 August 1999		Elective
	Rwenzururu	Omusinga Irema-Ngoma I	19 October 2009	Abahira	Hereditary
	Toro	Omukama Rukidi IV	26 August 1995	Babito	Hereditary
	Busoga confederates
	Bugabula	Gabula William Nadiope IV	11 February 1995	Kitimbo	Hereditary
	Bugweri	Menya Frederick Kakaire II	11 February 1995	Menyha	Hereditary
	Bukooli	Wakooli David Muluuya Kawunye	11 February 1995	Wakoli	Hereditary
	Bukono	Nkono Mutyaba Nkono II	11 February 1995	Nkono	Hereditary
	Bulamogi	Zibondo Edward Columbus Wambuzi	3 September 2008	Zibondo	Hereditary
	Bunya	Luba Juma Munulo II	11 February 1995		Hereditary
	Bunyole	Nanyumba John Ntale Nahnumba	11 February 1995		Hereditary
	Busiki	Kisiki Yekosofato Kawanguzi	11 February 1995	Igaga	Hereditary
	Butembe	Ntembe Badru Waguma	11 February 1995		Hereditary
	Kigulu	Ngobi Izimba Golologolo	11 February 1995	Ngobi	Hereditary
	Luuka	Tabingwa Willington Nabwana	11 February 1995	Tabingwa	Hereditary

America

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Panama	Naso	Disputed	30 May 2004	Santana	Elective and Hereditary

Asia

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Bangladesh	Bohmong	Raja Aung Shwe Prue		Chowdhury	Hereditary and Elective
	Chakma	Raja Debashish	12 November 1971	Roy	Hereditary
	Mong	Raja Saching Prue	17 January 2009	Chowdhury	Hereditary and Elective
East Timor	Oecusse	Liurai Antonio I	4 May 2001	Da Costa	Hereditary
India	Daher	Raja Tapatrao Anandrao		Rajput	Hereditary
	Gadhvi	Raja Yashwant Rao			Hereditary
	Linga	Raja Bhavarsingh			Hereditary
	Pimpri	Raja Trikamrao Sahebrao			Hereditary
	Vasurna	Raja Chandra Singh			Hereditary

Malaysia

State	Constituent	Monarch	Since	House	Type	Succession	Refs
Malaysia	Johor	Sultan Ibrahim Ismail	22 January 2010	Temenggong	Constitutional	Hereditary
	Kedah	Sultan Abdul Halim	14 July 1958	Kedah		Hereditary
	Kelantan	Sultan Ismail Petra	29 March 1979	Kelantan		Hereditary
	Negeri Sembilan	Yamtuan Besar Muhriz	29 December 2008	Seri Menanti		Hereditary and Elective
	Pahang	Sultan Ahmad Shah	7 May 1974	Bendahara		Hereditary
	Perak	Sultan Azlan Shah	3 February 1984	Siak		Hereditary
	Perlis	Raja Sirajuddin	17 April 2000	Jamalullail		Hereditary
	Selangor	Sultan Sharafuddin	21 November 2001	Selangor		Hereditary
	Terengganu	Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin	16 May 1998	Bendahara		Hereditary

Negeri Sembilan

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Malaysia	Jelebu	Dato' Musa bin Abdul Wahab	4 February 1980	Sarin	Elective and Hereditary
	Johol	Dato' Muhammad bin ‘Abdul Ghani	13 March 2007	Gemencheh	Elective and Hereditary
	Naning	Dato' Abdul Latif	25 November 2006		Elective and Hereditary
	Rembau	Dato' Muhammad bin Sharif Othman	21 November 1998	Jakun	Elective and Hereditary
	Sungai Ujong	Dato' Mubarak bin Dohak	29 December 1993	Hulu	Elective and Hereditary
	Tampin	Tunku Besar Syed Razman	26 December 2005	Al Qadri	Hereditary

Philippines

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Philippines	Buayan	Sultan Mohammad Amil Kusain	28 June 2008	Camsa	Hereditary
	Lanao	Sultan Firdausi Abbas	25 May 1996	Ranao	Elective
	Maguindanao	Vacant	11 January 2006	Kudarat	Hereditary
	Sulu	Disputed	12 March 2001	Kiram	Hereditary
	Talik	Sultan Nasser Sambuto Pendatun	23 July 2005	Sambuto	Hereditary
	Lanao confederates
	Bacolod	Sultan Madki Maurak		Bacolod	Hereditary
	Baloi	Sultan Bangonan Masnar		Baloi	Hereditary
	Bansayan	Sultan Calicozaman Basman		Bansayan	Hereditary
	Bayang	Sultan Ali Manding		Bayang	Hereditary
	Borocot	Sultan Saidali Baniaga		Dirampaten	Hereditary
	Butig	Sultan Nasroden Ador		Butig	Hereditary
	Cabugatan	Datu Manaros Simbaan		Cabugatan	Hereditary
	Ditsaan	Sultan Tamano Pandapata		Ditsaan	Hereditary
	Dumalondong	Sultan Macaurog Guinar		Domalondong	Hereditary
	Maribo	Sultan Nasser Magomnang		Maribo	Hereditary
	Masiu	Sultan Topaan Disomimba	4 February 2002	Masiu	Hereditary
	Minitupad	Sultan Pagaranganan Mitmug		Minitupad	Hereditary
	Pagayawan	Sultan Dirangaren Benito		Bacayawan	Hereditary
	Ramain	Sultan Patadatu Bayas	11 December 2002	Ramain	Hereditary
	Rogon	Sultan Bangcola Adtha		Rogon	Hereditary
	Taporog	Sultan Farouk Sharif	July 1998	Taporog	Hereditary

Indonesia

Present information regarding governmental recognition of traditional monarchs in Indonesia is inadequate. In some instances below, pre-colonial polities have been officially restored, and the royal titles of their leaders have been nominally confirmed. In other cases, the government has refused to revive monarchies that were previously abolished during the earliest years of the republic. Despite the historical suppression of these dynasties, a large number have retained their culture, identity, and their status within their own communities. Royal titles are still widely used, bestowed in formal enthronement ceremonies conducted without formal recognition from Jakarta.

In recent years, the number of dynasties receiving recognition as nominal cultural authorities has steadily increased. However, because it remains unclear as to which monarchies have not yet been recognised, the list below will contain all extant Indonesian dynasties on which there is information available. Monarchs that have explicitly been denied recognition are listed under pretenders. The Sultan of Yogyakarta is listed separately due to the constitutional nature of his title.

State	Constituent	Monarch	Since	House	Type	Succession	Refs
Indonesia	Yogyakarta	Sultan Hamengkubuwono X	2 October 1988	Hamengkubuwono	Limited	Hereditary

Bali

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Indonesia	Bangli	Anak Agung Made Rai Rama	1961	Gelgel	Hereditary
	Buleleng	Anak Agung Ngurah Brawida	2 June 1978	Sangket	Hereditary
	Denpasar	Tjokorda Ngurah Jambe	25 November 2005	Pemecutan	Hereditary
	Gianyar	Anak Agung Gde Agung II	22 April 1999		Hereditary
	Karangasem	Anak Agung Gde Agung Putra Agung	9 April 2009	Karangasem	Hereditary
	Kesiman	Tjokorda Ngurah Kusuma Wardhana	22 April 1989	Kesiman	Hereditary
	Klungkung	Dewa Agung Gde Agung	February 1998	Dewa Agung	Hereditary
	Pamecutan	Tjokorda Ngurah Manik Parisara	1986	Pemecutan	Hereditary
	Tabanan	Tjokorda Anglurah	21 March 2008		Hereditary
	Ubud	Vacant	20 July 1978	Sukawati	Hereditary

Borneo

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Indonesia	Banjarmasin	Vacant	19 October 1863	Alwatzkubillah	Hereditary
	Bulungan	Sultan Abdul Hamid	2 December 2008		Hereditary
	Kutai	Sultan Muhammad Salehuddin II	23 September 1999	Kutai	Hereditary
	Kubu	Tuan Besar Syarif Rafik	4 March 2008	Al Aidrus	Hereditary
	Kotawaringin	Pangeran Ratu Muasyidin Syah	1975	Alwatzkubillah	Hereditary
	Landak	Pangeran Ratu Suryansyah Amiruddin	24 January 2000	Ismahayana	Hereditary
	Matan	Pangeran Ratu Uti Iwan Kusnadi	11 August 2004		Hereditary
	Mempawah	Pangeran Ratu Mulawangsa Mardan Adijaya	12 August 2002	Amantubillah	Hereditary
	Pasir	Pangeran Ratu Abdul Rasyid	16 October 2000	Belengkong	Hereditary
	Pontianak	Sultan Syarif Abubakar	15 January 2004	Al Kadri	Hereditary
	Sambaliung	Sultan Fachruddin	19 October 2009	Berau	Hereditary
	Sambas	Pangeran Ratu Muhammad Tarhan	3 February 2008	Alwatzkubillah	Hereditary
	Sanggau	Pangeran Ratu Arman Surya	26 July 2009	Suryanegara	Hereditary
	Sekadau	Pangeran Agung Muhammad Efendi	28 February 2009		Hereditary
	Selimbau	Panembahan Muhammad Asbi	2004	Assidiqi	Hereditary
	Simpang	Sultan Muhammad Jamaluddin II	31 May 2008		Hereditary
	Sintang	Panembahan Kusuma Negara V	17 September 2003	Kusumanegara	Hereditary

Java

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Indonesia	Banten	Sultan Ismetullah al-Abbas	August 2003	Surosowan	Hereditary
	Kacirebonan	Sultan Abdul Gani Natadiningrat III	28 October 1997	Kacirebonan	Hereditary
	Kanoman	Sultan Muhammad Emiruddin	6 March 2003	Kanoman	Hereditary
	Kasepuhan	Sultan Sepuh XIV	30 April 2010	Kasepuhan	Hereditary
	Mangkunegaran	Mangku Negara IX	3 September 1987	Mangku Negara	Hereditary
	Pakualaman	Paku Alam IX	26 May 1999	Paku Alam	Hereditary
	Surakarta	Susuhunan Pakubuwono XIII	10 September 2004	Pakubuwono	Hereditary

Maluku

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Indonesia	Amahei	Raja Philip Hallatu	20 September 1990	Hallatu	Hereditary and Elective
	Bacan	Vacant	21 September 2009	Kamarullah	Hereditary and Elective
	Faan	Raja Patris	April 2002	Renwarin	Hereditary
	Hitu	Upu Latu Salhana Pelu	21 March 2007	Hitulama	Hereditary
	Jailolo	Sultan Abdullah Syah	January 2002		Hereditary
	Kisar	Raja Johannis Bakker		Bakker	Hereditary
	Loloda	Jogugu Lutfi Muhammad Syamsuddin	30 August 2009	Syamsuddin	Hereditary
	Soya	Raja Johan Lodewijk Rehatta	9 December 2005	Rehatta	Hereditary and Elective
	Tulehu	Upu Latu John Saleh Ohorella	13 February 2003	Ohorella	Hereditary
	Ternate	Sultan Mudaffar Syah II	29 November 1986		Hereditary
	Tidore	Sultan Djafar Syah	28 October 1999		Hereditary

Papua

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Indonesia	Arguni	Raja Hanafi Pauspaus			Hereditary
	Fatagar	Raja Taufiq Heru	31 December 2009	Uswanas	Hereditary
	Kaimana	Rat Umis Abdul Hakim Achmad	1980	Aituarauw	Hereditary
	Namatota	Raja Hayum Ombaier	2006	Kowiai	Hereditary
	Patipi	Vacant	2003	Sameni	Hereditary
	Rumbati	Raja Abubakar II Saleh	8 January 2010	Bauw	Hereditary
	Salawati	Raja Muhammad Tahir Arfan		Arfan	Hereditary
	Wertuar	Raja Musa Heremba	15 April 1988	Heremba	Hereditary

Roti

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Indonesia	Baa	Manek Paulus Dae Pane	1998	Dae Pane	Hereditary
	Bokai	Manek Herman Dupe	1 January 1961	Doepe	Hereditary
	Dehla	Manek Nehemia Ndun	2 October 1972	Ndoen	Hereditary
	Dengka	Vacant	1970	Tungga	Hereditary
	Korbafo	Vacant	6 March 2000	Manubulu	Hereditary
	Landu	Vacant	18 March 2008	Johannes	Hereditary
	Lelain	Manek Yunus Besi		Besi	Hereditary
	Lelenuk	Manek Christoffel Daik	28 September 1994	Daik	Hereditary
	Loleh	Manek Soleman Zacharias	15 July 2003	Zacharias	Hereditary
	Ndao	Manek Soleman Kotten	1968	Kotten	Hereditary
	Oenale	Manek Christoffel Hanok Lenggu		Lenggu	Hereditary
	Oepao	Manek Jefry Sjioen	2005	Sjioen	Hereditary
	Ringgou	Vacant	22 March 2002	Daoed	Hereditary
	Termanu	Manek Soleman Jeremias Amalo	14 October 2007	Amalo	Hereditary
	Thie	Vacant	25 January 2010	Mburalae	Hereditary

Sulawesi

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Indonesia	Balangnipa	Maradia Fadly Patayangi	19 November 2005		Hereditary
	Banawa	Vacant	16 November 2006		Hereditary
	Banggai	Tomundo Mohamad Fikran Ramadhan	29 January 2010	Awaluddin	Hereditary
	Barru	Vacant		Bugis	Hereditary
	Bone	Arumpone Baso Hamid	7 April 2006	Bugis	Hereditary
	Buton	Sultan La Ode Mohammad Izat Manarfa	27 November 2006	Kumbewahatak	Hereditary
	Gowa	Vacant	1 July 1960		Hereditary
	Luwu	Datu Iwan Djemma Barue	10 June 2006	Bugis	Hereditary
	Mamuju	Maradia Maksum Dai		Mak Lonjok	Hereditary
	Mori	Vacant			Hereditary
	Sanrabone	Karaeng Ali Mallombasi	25 July 2008	Sanrabone	Hereditary
	Soppeng	Datu Unru Mappanjantji	2001		Hereditary

Sumatra

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Indonesia	Asahan	Sultan Kamal Abrahim	17 May 1980	Pinangawan	Hereditary
	Bangkara	Raja Sisingamangaraja XV	24 December 1972	Pasaribu	Hereditary
	Deli	Sultan Aria Lamanjiji	22 July 2005	Maimoon	Hereditary
	Dolok Silau	Raja Tanjar Gaim Purba Tambak	23 November 2008	Purba	Hereditary
	Indragiri	Sultan Tengku Arief	1 February 1986		Hereditary
	Langkat	Sultan Azwar Abdul Jalil	21 May 2003		Hereditary and Elective
	Pagaruyung	Raja Alam Muhammad Taufik Thaib	10 June 2007	Adityawarman	Hereditary
	Palembang	Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin III	4 March 2003		Hereditary
	Pelalawan	Tengku Besar Kamaruddin bin Harun	7 August 2008	Al Shahab	Hereditary
	Serdang	Sultan Basyarsyah II	28 January 2001	Alamsyah	Hereditary
	Siak	Sultan Nasir Abdul Jalil Saifuddin VI	11 February 1984	Al Syihab	Hereditary
	Siguntur	Sultan Hendri Tuanku Bagindo Ratu	1968	Siguntur	Hereditary

Timor

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Indonesia	Amanatun	Usif Pah Gustaf Immanuel	26 September 1996	Banunaek	Hereditary
	Amanuban	Usif Pah Nesi Nope	1980	Nope	Hereditary
	Amarasi	Usif Pah Robert Maurits Koroh	1990	Koroh	Hereditary
	Amfoan	Usif Pah Robert Gordon Manoh	27 September 2001	Manoch	Hereditary
	Biboki	Usif Pah Johanis Tnesi Us		Boko	Hereditary
	Boti	Usif Pah Nama Benu	March 2005	Benu	Hereditary
	Fialarang	Loro Jadokus Manek	1990	Da Costa	Hereditary
	Insana	Usif Pah Theodorus Taolin	1991	Taolin	Hereditary
	Kupang	Usif Pah Leopold Nicolaas Nisnoni	July 2004	Nisnoni	Elective and Hereditary
	Lamaknen	Loro Josef Kalimau	16 October 2003	Bunak	Elective and Hereditary
	Miomaffo	Usif Pah Alfons Kono	1986	Kono	Hereditary
	Mollo	Usif Pah Edison Oematan	12 August 2001	Oematan	Hereditary
	Noimuti	Usif Pah Antonius da Costa		Da Costa	Hereditary
	Wehali	Disputed	11 May 2003	Waihale	Hereditary

Others

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Indonesia	Anakalang	Raja Sappi Pateduk II	1992		Hereditary
	Barnusa	Raja Akbar Salim		Baso	Hereditary
	Batulolong	Raja Constantijn Karimalei	1996	Karimalei	Hereditary
	Bima	Jena Teke Zulkarnain	17 June 2001	Dewa Dalam Bawa	Hereditary
	Dompu	Vacant	1964	Sirajuddin	Hereditary
	Kolana	Raja Yusuf Makunimau	1996	Makunimau	Hereditary
	Kui	Raja Kaharuddin Kinanggi		Kinanggi	Hereditary
	Lamakera	Raja Abdul Gafur Ibrahim	1987	Dasi	Hereditary
	Lewa	Raja Pingi Ai	23 January 1978		Hereditary
	Lohayong	Sengaji Muhamad Idrus	February 2008	Kalake	Hereditary
	Riau-Lingga	Sultan Abdul Rahman II	8 April 1964	Bendahara	Hereditary
	Sumbawa	Vacant	1975	Kaharuddin	Hereditary

Western Asia

State	Constituent	Monarch	Since	House	Type	Succession	Refs
United Arab Emirates	Abu Dhabi	Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed	3 November 2004	Al Nahyan	Limited	Hereditary
	Ajman	Sheikh Humaid V bin Rashid	6 September 1981	Al Nuaim		Hereditary
	Dubai	Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid	4 January 2006	Al Maktoum		Hereditary
	Fujairah	Sheikh Hamad bin Mohammed	18 September 1974	Al Sharqi		Hereditary
	Ras al-Khaimah	Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad	17 July 1948	Al Qasimi		Hereditary
	Sharjah	Sheikh Sultan III bin Mohamed	23 June 1987	Al Qasimi		Hereditary
	Umm al-Qaiwain	Sheikh Saud bin Rashid	2 January 2009	Al Mu‘alla		Hereditary

Oceania

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Marshall Islands	Ailinglaplap	Iroijlaplap Anjua Loeak	20 May 1976	Loeak	Elective and Hereditary
	Kwajalein	Iroijlaplap Imata Kabua	20 December 1996	Kabua	Elective and Hereditary
	Majuro	Leroij Atama Zedkaia		Zedkaia	Elective and Hereditary
	North Ratak	Iroijlaplap Remios Hermios	10 December 1998	Hermios	Elective and Hereditary
FSM	Madolenihmw	Nahnmwarki Kerpet Ehpel	November 2008	Dipwinpahnmei	Elective and Hereditary
	Sokehs	Nahnmwarki Herculano Kohler	1997	Sounkawad	Elective and Hereditary
	Uh	Nahnmwarki Welter John	30 September 1991	Lasialap	Elective and Hereditary
New Caledonia	Kunié	High Chief Hilarion Vendégou	26 September 1974	Vendégou	Hereditary
	Maré	High Chief Dokucas Naisseline	6 June 2007	Naisseline	Hereditary
	Lifou	High Chief Evanes Boula	13 June 1999	Boula	Hereditary
New Zealand	Kīngitanga	Arikinui Tuheitia	21 August 2006	Te Wherowhero	Elective and Hereditary
	Tūwharetoa	Arikinui Te Heuheu Tūkino VIII	5 August 1997	Te Heuheu	Hereditary
Palau	Koror	Ibedul Yutaka Gibbons	September 1972	Ngerekldeu	Hereditary and Elective
	Melekeok	Reklai Bao Ngirmang	1998	Ngetelngal	Hereditary and Elective
Samoa		Tupua Tamasese Tupuola Tufuga Efi	1 July 1983	Sa Tupua	Elective and Hereditary
		Tuimaleali'ifano Va'aletoa Sualauvi II	1977	Taua'ana	Elective and Hereditary
		Vacant	December 1997	Sa Mata'afa	Elective and Hereditary
		Vacant	11 May 2007	Sa Mālietoa	Elective and Hereditary
Tuvalu	Funafuti	Aliki Siaosi Finiki			Elective and Hereditary
	Nanumanga	Aliki Talivai Sovola		Mouhala	Elective and Hereditary
	Nanumea	Aliki Iliala Lima			Elective and Hereditary
	Niutao	Aliki Iosefa Lagafaoa			Elective and Hereditary
	Nui	Aliki Falani Mekuli			Elective and Hereditary
	Nukufetau	Aliki Valoaga Fonotapu			Elective and Hereditary
	Nukulaelae	Aliki Aifou Tafia			Elective and Hereditary
	Vaitupu	Aliki Londoni Panapa			Elective and Hereditary
Wallis and Futuna	Alo	Vacant	22 January 2010	Lalolalo	Elective and Hereditary
	Sigave	Tuʻi Visesio Moeliku	10 March 2004	Vanai	Elective and Hereditary
	ʻUvea	Tuʻi Kapiliele Faupala	25 July 2008	Takumasiva	Elective and Hereditary

Cook Islands

Each major atoll in the Cook Islands has a certain number of arikis, ceremonial high chiefs who together form the Are Ariki, a parliamentary advisory body with up to 24 seats. The only domains not listed below are those of Manuae, on which current information is inadequate, and Penrhyn, whose chiefly line is extinct. Styles and names are listed in their conventional local form. In addition to the generic title of ariki, which is worn at the end of one's name, each chiefly line carries its own unique style, which is placed at the beginning. Thus, if the chief's name is "Henry" and his title is "Ngamaru", then he is styled as "Ngamaru Henry Ariki".

State	Polity	Monarch	Since	House	Succession	Refs
Cook Islands	Aitutaki	Manarangi Tutai Ariki	2000	Vaipaepae o Pau	Hereditary
		Tamatoa Purua Ariki			Hereditary
		Vaeruarangi Teaukura Ariki			Hereditary
	Atiu	Parua Mataio Kea Ariki		Nurau	Hereditary
		Rongomatane Ada Ariki	1972	Paruarangi	Hereditary
		Ngamaru Henry Ariki	1995	Te Akatuira	Hereditary
	Mangaia	Numangatini Nooroa Ariki		Nga Ariki	Hereditary
	Manihiki	Te Fakaheo Trainee Ariki		Hukutahu	Hereditary
		Vacant		Matangaro	Hereditary
	Mauke	Tamuera Ariki		Nurau	Hereditary
		Tararo Temaeva Ariki		Paruarangi	Hereditary
		Te Au Marae Ariki		Te Akatuira	Hereditary
	Mitiaro	Tou Travel Ariki		Nurau	Hereditary
		Tetava Poitirere Ariki		Paruarangi	Hereditary
		Temaeu Teikamata Ariki		Te Akatuira	Hereditary
	Pukapuka	Tetio Kaitara Pakitonga Paulo Paulo Ariki	24 December 2008	Pukapuka	Hereditary
	Rarotonga	Makea Vakatini Joseph Ariki		Te Au o Tonga	Hereditary
		Makea Karika Margaret Ariki	14 May 1949		Hereditary
		Vacant	1994		Hereditary
		Pa Tapaeru Marie Ariki	27 June 1990	Takitumu	Hereditary
		Kainuku Kapiriterangi Ariki	6 May 2006		Hereditary
		Tinomana Ruta Tuoro Ariki	1991	Puaikura	Hereditary

Others

In Fiji, which became a colony of Great Britain in 1874, the British monarchs were historically bestowed the title Tui Viti, which translates as "King of Fiji" or "Paramount Chief of Fiji". The last holder of the title (from 6 February 1952) was Queen Elizabeth II, of the House of Windsor. The state became a republic in 1987, abolishing the title by establishing a new constitution. The Great Council of Chiefs, however, still recognises Elizabeth II as Tui Viti, as the nation's traditional queen and its supreme tribal chief, despite no longer holding a constitutional office. Consequently, while Fiji remains a republic, a monarch or paramount chief is still recognised by traditional tribal politics. The Queen herself has made no official claim to the Tui Viti throne, although she has remained open to the possibility of a constitutional restoration of the monarcy.

Native chiefs in Fiji are considered members of the nobility. The House of Chiefs, consisting of about 70 chiefs of various rank determined by a loosely defined order of precedence, was modelled after the British House of Lords. Tongan chiefs, subordinate to a king, are also considered nobles and have therefore been excluded from the above list.

In Eastern or American Samoa, there are currently twelve paramount chiefs, but they are all traditionally subordinate to the Tu'i Manu'a, a title that is now considered purely historical; the last titleholder, Elisala, died 2 July 1909. The paramount chiefly titles are: on Tutuila, Faumuina, Lei'ato, Letuli, Fuimaono, Tuitele, Satele, Mauga, and in the Manu'a Islands, Lefiti, Sotoa, Tufele, Misa and Tuiolosega.

Notes

Africa

1. Date of coronation. The Ker Kwaro Acholi chieftaincy was recognised by the government on 17 January 2005. He has been the chief of the Payira clan since 1999.
2. The tribal confederation of the Alur is historically comprised of 56 chiefdoms under the rwoth obima (paramount chief). At present, six chiefs have rejected the obima's authority, and have formed a separate body, the Association of Alur Traditional Chiefs, which remains unrecognised by the government of Uganda. The six chiefs are: Onesimo Otober of Amor, Omua Okongo Ceru II of Paidha, John Ombidi II of Panyimur, Dominic Omac of Paroketo, Michael Mandir of Puvungu, and Owacho Ali of Ragem. Some reports suggest that the number of breakaway chiefdoms has grown to thirteen.
3. Formally enthroned on 19 May 2006.
4. Ankole, historically referred to as Nkore, was nominally revived as a traditional kingdom with the coronation of Rutashijuka Ntare IV in November 1993. It has remained unrecognised by the Ugandan government, however, and the coronation was declared illegitimate and void by the country's president. The current king has reigned in pretendence since the death of his predecessor in April 1979.
5. Muwenda Mutebi succeeded as head of the royal household upon the death of his father on 21 November 1969. He was formally invested as Ssabataka (head of the royal clans and chief landowner) on 4 April 1971. He was officially proclaimed as kabaka upon the restoration of the kingdom, 24 July 1993. His coronation took place 31 July 1993. He has also assumed the additional name of "Kimera".
6. Muwenda Mutebi succeeded as head of the royal household upon the death of his father in 1971. He was officially proclaimed as omukama upon the restoration of the kingdom, 24 July 1993. His coronation took place 11 June 1994.
7. Busoga is a traditional confederation comprised of eleven clan domains. There are five royal clans (Bugabula, Bukono, Bulamogi, Kigulu, and Luuka) and six traditional chiefdoms (Bugweri, Bukooli, Bunya, Bunyole, Busiki, and Butembe). The royal clans form the five royal families of the Basoga. Each of the hereditary chiefs and princes of the confederation are listed in a separate section in the table.
8. The previous kyabazinga, Henry Wako Muloki of Bulamogi, died on 1 September 2008. His son, Edward Columbus Wambuzi, was announced as his successor following contentious elections on 31 October 2008. However, five of the eleven royal chiefs denounced the new king, instead endorsing William Nadiope IV, of Bugabula. The Ugandan government advised the parties to hold another election, and an interim order was served to Wambuzi in May 2009 restraining him from holding office. On 7 June 2009, however, Wambuzi was installed on the throne amidst protests from other chiefs. He also secured a court order blocking the planned re-elections. These took place in secret on 5 October 2009, when Nadiope IV was elected unopposed. The High Court is to start hearing the cases in November 2010, but the clan heads have vowed to install Nadiope IV on the throne before September, despite the standing judicial injunctions blocking the enthronement of either contender.
9. The kyabazinga is elected for life by the Royal Council, comprised of the eleven hereditary chiefs of the kingdom. Selection is limited to members of the five royal clans of the Basoga.
10. ^ The throne is traditionally supposed to rotate among the numerous clans. It is not clear as to which of the clans the current leader belongs.
11. A clan of the Kebu people. The current chief belongs to the Waringu family.
12. The kamuswaga belongs to the Ndawula Lwabulanga lineage of the Babito clan.
13. Elected to the throne by clan leaders on 17 August 2001.
14. Elected to the throne by clan leaders on 19 September 1998.
15. The current king, Charles Mumbere, was first proclaimed as "Kibanzanga II" on 19 October 1966. He reigned as a minor, in pretendence, under a regency council until 1972, when he took the regnal name "Irema-Ngoma I". His kingdom was officially abolished by the Ugandan government on 8 September 1967, but effectively continued in armed opposition until 15 August 1982, when the king's forces surrendered and Mumbere was officially appointed as "chief elder" of the district. Rwenzururu was officially restored by the government as a traditional kingdom on 17 March 2008, and recognition was confirmed by the President at the king's coronation anniversary on 19 October 2009.
16. A clan of the Bakonzo.
17. Iguru Rukidi succeeded as omukama upon the death of his father in August 1995. He was crowned on 12 September 1996. Until 17 April 2010, he had officially reigned as a minor under a regency council.

America

1. The most recent (since 31 May 1998) king, Tito, was deposed by a vote of no confidence in the Leadership Council, and was replaced (on 30 May 2004) by Valentín. The former, who is no longer in office, has disputed the legality of the deposition, and still claims the title. The new king has not yet been recognised by the government of Panama.
2. Succession is determined by the vote of the general adult population. An election for a new monarch may take place upon any occasion in which an eligible member of the royal family wishes to be considered. Until recently, the traditional law of succession followed a pattern similar to the rota system.

Asia

Malaysia

1. Formally installed on the following day. Tengku Ibrahim previously ruled as prince regent between 26 April 1984 and 25 April 1989, whilst the incumbent sultan ruled as King of Malaysia.
2. Formally installed on 20 February 1959. Tengku Abdul had been ruling as prince regent since 9 March 1957.
3. Coronation took place 30 March 1980. Prior to his accession, Tengku Ismail had been ruling as prince regent since 21 September 1975, whilst the incumbent sultan ruled as King of Malaysia.
4. Negeri Sembilan is a confederation currently consisting of six states. Seri Menanti is the name of the state from which the ruling line of Negeri Sembilan derives. It is a branch of the Minangkabau dynasty.
5. The Yang di-Pertuan Besar is chosen for life by the Undang Laut (four ruling chiefs of the confederated states of Negeri Sembilan) from amongst four royal princes. These princes are selected by the reigning Yang di-Pertuan Besar from amongst the senior members of the ruling line of Seri Menanti.
6. Coronation took place on 6 May 1975.
7. Coronation took place on 9 December 1985.
8. Formally installed on the following day. Sharafuddin, then known as Tengku Idris Shah, previously ruled as prince regent between 26 April 1999 and 21 November 2001, whilst the incumbent sultan ruled as King of Malaysia.
9. The current ruling family of Selangor is a Bugis dynasty.
10. As of 13 December 2006, the sultan's son and heir, Tengku Muhammad Ismail, acts as prince regent whilst his father serves a term as King of Malaysia.
11. Formally installed 26 May 1998. Coronation took place on 4 March 1999. Tuanku Mizan had previously served as acting sultan between 20 October and 8 November 1990.
12. These traditional chiefdoms are part of the confederacy of Negeri Sembilan, a federated state of Malaysia. The ruling chiefs of Jelebu, Johol, Rembau, and Sungai Ujong form the Undang Laut, who will decide the next Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan. Tampin is a separate hereditary principality. Naning is currently situated within the state of Melaka.
13. Formally enthroned on 20 November 1981.
14. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the three highest noble families: the Waris Ulu Jelebu, Waris Sarin, and Waris Kemin.
15. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the male descendants of the first ruler, following the matrilineal line.
16. Naning, .
17. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the direct descendants of two noble families: the Waris Jakun and Waris Jawa. The position is, by informal agreement, alternated between the heads of the two houses.
18. The undang (ruling chief) is elected for life by the nobles and vassals of the state from amongst the direct descendants of two noble families: the Waris Hulu and Waris Hilir.
19. Formally enthroned on 12 August 2006.
20. The Yang di-Pertuan Muda (prince) succeeds according to the laws of male primogeniture, but must also receive confirmation from the reigning Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Negeri Sembilan.

Philippines

1. The kingdom of Lanao, or Ranao, is traditionally a federation composed of sixteen primary sultanates. Each sultanate, headed by an hereditary royal house, represents a different clan of the Maranaos. In addition to the primary sultanates, there are a further twenty-eight lesser (termed "legislative") sultanates, which are the guardians of the Maranao taritib (tradition). The federation is headed by a supreme sultan, chosen from amongst the royal lineages of the lesser sultanates. The sixteen primary sultans are also listed above; the others are not. This customary system of traditional society is recognised by the government of the Philippines.
2. A Maranao dynasty. The current sultan belongs principally to the House of Dayawan. He also descends from the houses of Bayang, Buayan, Guimba, Marawi, and Marantao.
3. The throne of Maguindanao has been officially vacant since the assassination of the last sultan, Amir bin Muhammad Baraguir, in early 2006. His eldest son, Ammar Yassir, is presently prince regent and head of the royal household.
4. The throne of the Sultan of Sulu is currently disputed between two members of the Kiram family. The present sultan recognised by the government of the Philippines is Jamalul Kiram III. He was proclaimed upon the death of his father in 1984, and was formally crowned in Jolo on 15 June 1986. He had previously served as prince regent during part of his father's reign, between 1974 and 1981. Since his enthronement, he has settled in Manila. Consequently, he has been replaced by his younger brother Esmail Kiram II, who was proclaimed sultan upon the recommendation of the sultanate's traditional council. Esmail was crowned on 12 March 2001. However, he has not been recognised by the Philippine government, which continues to recognise and consult with Jamal. To further complicate the matter, Esmail is seemingly recognised by the provincial government in Jolo. There are a number of other claimants to the throne from other branches of the dynasty; these are listed under pretenders.
5. A branch of the House of Sulu. The royal family of Sulu is a Tausūg dynasty.
6. ^ A clan of the Maranaos.

Indonesia

1. Formally installed on 7 March 1989.
2. ^ A branch of the Kartasura dynasty.
3. While state law requires that all provincial governors be elected, in the case of Yogyakarta, the sultan is given priority during elections, and therefore is always the default governor. In addition, the reigning Pakualam (see under Java) is normally given preference when selecting the vice-governor. As in other provinces, considerable administrative power is also ceded to the central government.
4. ^ A branch of the Gelgel dynasty.
5. ^ The rajas of Denpasar and Pamecutan, two dynastical divisions of the formerly unified kingdom of Badung, both use the hereditary regnal name "Pemecutan". Ngurah Jambe of Denpasar is formally referred to as Pemecutan IX, while Ngurah Manik of Pamecutan is known as Pemecutan XI. The numerical appendages are not interconnected.
6. ^ A branch of the Badung dynasty.
7. The previous head of the royal family and the last recognised king of Ubud, Tjokorda Gde Agung Sukawati, died in 1978. His eldest son, Gde Putra, is the present head of the family. He has not yet been installed as king, however, and instead presently serves as prince regent.
8. The throne of the Sultan of Banjarmasin has been vacant since its revival by the government. Its last ruler was deposed by the Dutch in 1863. There are several candidates for succession amongst the current members of the royal family.
9. ^ A Banjar dynasty.
10. Kutai Kartanegara Ing Martadipura was officially revived as a traditional polity in 1999. Muhammad Salehuddin II has been officially recognised as sultan by the government since that time, although he has been head of the royal family since 29 August 1991. His formal coronation took place 22 September 2001.
11. ^ A Dayak dynasty.
12. ^ A Bugis dynasty.
13. Also known as the Alkadrie, Kadriah, or Kadariah dynasty.
14. Muhammad Tarhan succeeded as head of the royal family following the death of his father in 2008. Like his father, however, he has not been formally installed as sultan, and instead presently acts as prince regent. He is also a minor, born in 1993.
15. Also commonly written as Sampang.
16. Muhammad Ikhsani Syafiuddin was officially recognised as Panembahan of Sintang by the government in 2003. He was formally enthroned as Panembahan Sri Kusuma Negara V on 26 September 2005.
17. Muhammad Ismetullah was officially recognised as Head of the Royal House of Banten when the sultanate was revived in 1985. He was recognised as crown prince in 2003, but has yet to be formally enthroned as sultan.
18. ^ A branch of the Cirebon dynasty. In 1662, the sultanate of Cirebon was divided between three branches of the ruling dynasty: (in order of seniority) Kasepuhan, Kanoman, and Kacirebonan. All three lines were nominally restored in 2002.
19. Following the death of the previous sultan, Muhammad Djalaluddin, a dispute of succession arose between two of his sons. Muhammad Emiruddin, the current occupant of the palace, is the rightful heir to his father according to the relevant laws of succession. He was actively opposed by his elder half-brother, Muhammad Saladin, who was "installed" by his supporters on 5 March 2003. Saladin later renounced his claim on 12 September 2003, and the local government has recognised Emiruddin as the sole successor.
20. Also commonly known as Solo.
21. Upon the death of Pakubuwono XII in 2004, with no successor named, there arose two rival claims to the throne. Two of his sons, Hangabehi and Tejowulan, each had themselves "crowned" as the next Susuhunan. The dispute likely still exists, although family consensus apparently favours the elder brother, Hangabehi, who is also the sole titleholder recognised by the government. In either case, both claimants would use the regnal name of Pakubuwono XIII.
22. The last sultan, Gahral Adyan Syah, died September 2009. His successor has yet to be installed.
23. The sultan is selected from amongst a group of royal candidates by a council of the family's four main branches: Iskandar Alam, Tarafannur, Kamarullah, and Tunggulawang, each of which is descended from a past sultan. Since 1797, the sultans have been exclusively of the Kamarullah branch.
24. Lodewijk was selected as raja on 24 May 2005. He was officially installed later, in December of the same year.
25. A branch of the House of Pesulima, which is descended from the Majapahit kings of Java.
26. Since 1380, the rulers of Ternate have also held the title Kolano Maloko, which denotes supremacy among the Moluccan sultanates. Prior to then it had been worn by the ruler of Jailolo.
27. Mudaffar Syah was officially installed as sultan in 1986. Prior to that, he had held the title in pretence as head of his household since 4 July 1975.
28. The royal family of Fatagar is descended from the neigbouring dynasty of Rumbati.
29. A Kowiai dynasty.
30. The last raja of Patipi, Usman Iba, died in 2003. His brother, Ahmad Iba, currently serves as regent pending the enthronement of the late raja's son, the Raja Muda Atarai Iba.
31. A sept of the Koesman Ibia clan, which descends from the Segera tribe.
32. Herman Dupe was the last reigning manek of Bokai, effectively ruling from 1961 until the state was abolished by the Indonesian government in 1968. Presumably, recognition of his title was abolished concurrently. The date of the nominal restoration of this monarchy is not known.
33. Formal enthronement took place in 2000.
34. The last manek of Dengka died in 1970. His heir apparent, who has not yet acceded to the throne, is Prince Jeremias Tungga. At present, Prince Godlief Eliazar Tungga serves as prince regent.
35. The last manek of Korbafo, Leoanan Nathaniel Manubulu, died in 2000. The throne has remained vacant since then.
36. The last manek of Landu, Marthen Matheos Johannes, died in 2008. His son Willem Marthen Johannes is the heir apparent, but has not yet been enthroned. He currently serves as prince regent.
37. Formal enthronement took place in 2004.
38. The last manek of Ringgou, Hendrik Daoed, died in 2002. His son Christian Daoed is the heir apparent, but has not yet been enthroned. He currently serves as prince regent.
39. Known within his community as "Bea". According to sources, the throne was scheduled to pass to Soleman's brother, Joël Amalo, in 2009. This has not been confirmed.
40. The last manek of Thie, Benjamin Messakh, died in 2010. His successor has yet to be confirmed.
41. The last raja, Adam Ardjad Lamarauna, died in 2006. His son and heir, Wajar Lamarauna, has yet to be formally installed as his successor.
42. The present tomundo, born in 1993, is a minor, and currently reigns alongside a regent.
43. The throne of the arung of Barru has officially been vacant for over fifty years. Since then, the head of the royal family is Hasanuddin Petta Tawang, who currently acts as regent.
44. Also written as Butung, or in Dutch as Boeton.
45. The deposed monarchy of Gowa, also known after its capital Makassar, was nominally restored by the government in 2001. The throne of the Somba has been vacant since then. The current head of the royal family (since 1978), and heir to the throne, is Andi Kumala Karaeng Sila.
46. The throne of the mokole of Mori is currently vacant. The present head of the royal family is Kumampu Marunduh. There are reportedly plans to install a young prince as mokole in the near future.
47. Became head of the royal family upon the death of his father on 6 April 1980; he was formally enthroned later in May.
48. Also commonly written as Bakkara.
49. Also known by his birth name, Tonggo Tua Sinambela. It is unclear whether or not he has been officially recognised, or enthroned.
50. A Batak dynasty.
51. The present sultan, born in 1997, is a minor. His grand uncle, the Raja Muda Tengku Hamdi Osman, currently acts as regent.
52. The Pagaruyung kingdom was traditionally headed by a tripartite monarchy, consisting of the Raja Alam, the Raja Adat and the Raja Ibadat, collectively known as the "Kings of the Three Seats". The latter two were religious titles, while the first was considered the paramount ruler (or emperor) of the temporal world.
53. ^ A Minangkabau dynasty. The seat of the Minangkabau emperor, who is considered the paramount monarch of all Minangkabauw people in Sumatra and Malaya, is Pagaruyung.
54. Formally enthroned in January 2003, after having been recognised by the government.
55. Known within his community as "Gia".
56. ^ An Atoni dynasty.
57. An Atoni dynasty. Maternally, members of the royal family also belong to the Nitbani and Asbanu clans.
58. The royal family of Amarasi was originally an Atoni dynasty. However, the current lineage is descended from the Dj'awa dynasty of Savu.
59. Formally enthroned in March 2007.
60. ^ A Topass dynasty.
61. Known within his community as "Olis", or "Ulis".
62. Kupang, named after its capital, was formed as a confederation of Timorese fiefdoms: Amabi, Foenay, Sonbai Kecil, Taebenu, and the Helong. Leopold Nisnoni, known within his community as "Isu", is presently the chief of Sonbai Kecil, and has also been accepted as ruler of the confederacy. The other current chiefs are: Gideon Broery of Amabi, Esthon Leyloh of Foenay (also spelled Funai), and Daud Tanof of Taebenu. The present chief of the Helong nation is Soleman Bislissin. They are all hereditary positions.
63. Leopold succeeded as head of the royal family of Sonbai Kecil upon the death of his father on 14 November 1992. He was proclaimed regent of the Kupang confederacy in 1993. He was formally installed as king in 2004.
64. While the elected loros do not belong to any one royal lineage, succession has historically been limited to the Bunak people.
65. Lamaknen was formed as a confederation of small Timorese fiefdoms. Its monarch is elected by the hereditary chiefs of each constituent state. The chiefs themselves are not normally considered candidates for election.
66. Originally subordinate to the Sonbai kingdom under the name of Amakono.
67. The previously recognised liurai died in 2003. His longtime rival, Dominikus Tei Serang, from another branch of the royal family, was "enthroned" by his supporters on 9 August 2003. It is unclear whether his title has been recognised. At present, there are other claimants to the throne.
68. A Tetun dynasty.
69. Sovereignty in Barnusa was historically divided between two ruling clans: the Baso and the Blegur, the leaders of which both wore the title Raja of Barnusa. The Blegur raja was later given the lesser title Kapitan by the Dutch colonial government. The title remains hereditary and prestige is traditionally divided equally. The current Kapitan is Bastian C. Blegur (since 1973).
70. Pending his formal coronation as Sultan Bima XV, Iskandar Zulkarnain wears the title of crown prince. Currently acting as princess regent (since May 2001) is his aunt, Siti Maryam Salahuddin.
71. Became head of the royal family upon the death of his father on 3 May 2001. He was invested with the title of heir apparent later in June, but has not yet been formally enthroned as sultan.
72. Dompu's last sultan was Muhammad Tajularifin Sirajuddin II, who died in 1964. Since then, the throne has remained officially vacant, and succession is currently disputed between two of the late sultan's sons: Prince Abdul Azis, and his younger half-brother Prince Kaharul Zaman. Neither have been enthroned, although the latter is apparently considered the head of the family.
73. A sept of the Taruwamang clan.
74. The current dynasty is descended from the royal family of Terengganu, and are of mixed Malay and Bugis descent. Historically, the sultan's family, who were Malay, was based in Lingga, whilst a viceroy, who was always of Bugis descent, governed the Riau Islands. The two ruling lines merged in 1899.
75. The last sultan, Muhammad Kaharuddin III, died in 1975. His son Muhammad Abdurahman was formally installed as head of the royal family in 2001, but has not yet been designated as his successor.

Western Asia

1. The Al Nahyan are a branch of the Al Falahi, a clan of the Yas tribe.
2. The emirates, whilst absolute at the regional level, also forfeit a portion of their sovereignty and administrative power to the federal government.
3. A branch of the Al Shamsi tribe.
4. The Al Maktoum are a branch of the Al Falasi, a clan of the Yas tribe.
5. A branch of the Sharqiyyin tribe.
6. Due to poor health, Saqr does not actively rule at present. Crown Prince Saud bin Saqr was appointed deputy ruler by emiri decree on 14 June 2003, and is the effective ruler of the emirate.
7. Saqr took power from his uncle, Sheikh Sultan bin Salim, in a coup on 7 February 1948, and has ruled continuously since that time. He was officially recognised as emir by the British colonial government on 17 July.
8. ^ A branch of the Al Qawasim tribe.
9. Sultan was initially enthroned as emir on 25 January 1972. On 17 June 1987, he was briefly deposed by his brother, Sheikh Abdul'aziz bin Muhammad, for a period of six days. Sultan regained the throne on 23 June.

Others

1. The Bohmong Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Marma population, and the traditional king of the Bohmong Circle (Bohmong Htaung), one of three tribal circles in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
2. The Chakma Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Chakma population, and the traditional king of the Chakma Circle, one of three tribal circles in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
3. The Mong Raja is recognised by the government of Bangladesh as the leader of the Arakanese population, and the traditional king of the Mong Circle (Phalang Htaung), one of three tribal circles in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
4. After the neighbouring kingdom of Ambeno was annexed in 1912, the state changed its name to Oecusse-Ambeno.
5. Antonio was recognised as liurai in 2001, but has not yet been officially installed.
6. A Topass dynasty.
7. The kings of the five traditional states known collectively as the Dangs are the only royals in India whose titles are recognised by the government. Each raja receives an annual pension from the state, owing to an agreement made with the British colonial government in 1842.
8. The current Raja of Gadhvi has been missing since 1992. His son and heir, Karan Singh, is presently acting as prince regent.

Oceania

1. The government of the Marshall Islands recognises a total of twelve chiefly domains, called mojen, each headed by one or several paramount chiefs. Each domain is represented in the Council of Iroij, a legislative body of traditional chiefs guaranteed by the Constitution.
2. This domain covers the islands of Ailuk, Aur, Maloelap, Taongi, Utirik and Wotje in the Ratak Chain. Its ruling clan has also laid claim to nearby Wake Island, under the name Eneen-Kio.
3. This chief is normally referred to as the Isipahu.
4. The ruling line belongs specifically to the Inenkatau (or Upwutenmai) sept of the Dipwinpahnmei clan.
5. This chief is normally referred to as the Sangiro.
6. The ruling line belongs specifically to the Sounpasedo sept of the Lasialap clan.
7. Hilarion was recognised as grand chef in 1974, but, due to a violent succession dispute with his relative Jean-Marie Vendégou, was not formally enthroned until later, on 7 July 1979. He is also the incumbent mayor of the island commune, until 2014.
8. ^ A Kanak dynasty.
9. The Naisseline family is a branch of the Netché, a tribe of Kanaks.
10. The throne of the grand chef on Maré Island is traditionally held by the chief of Guahma district, which is an hereditary position.
11. The throne of the grand chef on Lifou Island, which also rules over Ouvéa, is traditionally held by the chief of Lössi district, an hereditary position.
12. Commonly referred to as the "Māori King Movement". Its elected ariki nui is often called the "Māori King" due to his nationalistic influence over all Māori tribes as a symbol of unity. This title is not recognised by the government of New Zealand.
13. Te Wherowhero is the lineage of the first king. It belongs to the Waikato iwi, which is part of the Tainui confederation.
14. The monarch is appointed for life by the chiefs of the various tribes involved in the Kīngitanga movement. Traditionally, selection is limited to direct descendants of the first king: Pōtatau I, who was from the Waikato tribe. However, on principal, inheritance is open to any lineage should the electing chiefs be in agreement.
15. Palau is divided into 16 traditional polities. The 16-seat Council of Chiefs, which is made up of the traditional chiefs from each constituent state, is an advisory body to the President. The chiefs of Koror and Melekeok, the highest chiefs from Eoueldaob and Babeldaob respectively, are recognised as the two paramount chiefs of the nation.
16. ^ This is not the name of the ruling house or clan. It is instead the ritual name used by the successive chiefs from this lineage.
17. ^ Chiefs are selected by the seniormost women of the ruling clan.
18. There are four paramount chiefs in Western Samoa, each presiding over a royal lineage (Tama a ‘Āiga) of past kings. Chiefs in Samoa are afforded a considerable degree of power. The national parliament, the Fono, is comprised exclusively of chiefly titleholders (matai). The office of head of state (the O le Ao o le Malo) is traditionally reserved for the paramount chiefs, although this is not required by the Constitution.
19. Tufuga Efi also holds (since 1 July 1983) the chiefly title of Tui Atua Fa'asavali, and is the incumbent (since 20 June 2007) head of state of Samoa.
20. The throne of the Mata'afa has been vacant since 1997; little information beyond that is available.
21. The throne of the Mālietoa has been vacant since 2007. The current claimant, Papali'i Fa'amausili Moli, succeeded to the throne as "Moli II" in a bestowal ceremony on 29 June 2007. However, an interim order in the High Court (dated 27 September 2007) prevents his use of the title under any circumstance. The interim was demanded by senior representatives from the Talavou and Natuitasina branches of the clan, who were allegedly not consulted to nominate the new titleholder. The holder of this title also wears the chiefly title of Susuga.
22. The lineage associated with this title consists of three branches: Sa Moli, Sa Talavou and Sa Natuitasina (also spelled Gatuitasina). As the succession law dictates, heirs of all three branches are equally entitled to hold the title, and ascension of an heir to the title is subject to nomination and consensus from all three branches. The most recent titleholders have been exclusively from the Moli sept.
23. Each island or atoll of Tuvalu has a traditional high chief, the ulu-aliki, who is recognised by and plays an active ceremonial role in the national government. Thrones are primarily elective, but candidates are limited to members of a certain number of chiefly clans.
24. Funafuti's traditional chieftaincy is limited to senior members of two chiefly clans: Te Aliki a Mua, and Te Aliki a Muli. By custom, succession rotates between the two lineages.
25. The high chief, or Pulefenua, is elected by a council of chiefs (the Fale Kaupule) from amongst senior members of Nanumea's seven chiefly clans, all of which claim descent from the island's first settlers.
26. The last reigning Tu‘i Agaifo was Petelo Vikena, who reigned from 6 November 2008 until his abdication on 22 January 2010. His successor is yet to be determined.
27. The king is elected by a council of chiefs from amongst the senior members of the kingdom's four chiefly clans.
28. The title of the king depends on the family from which he is chosen. He will thus carry the title of Tamolevai, Keletaona, or Tuʻi Sigave. The current king holds the title of Tuʻi Sigave. Several sources report that Visesio Moeliku abdicated his throne in 2009, and that the throne of Sigave is now vacant.
29. The king is elected by a council of chiefs from amongst the senior members of the kingdom's three chiefly clans: the Tamole, the Keletaona, and the Safoka. The present king is of the Safoka clan.
30. The title is written in long-form as Tuʻi ʻUvea. Since 1858, the monarch has also traditionally worn the title of Lavelua. Faupala is also known locally as "Kalai Ki Valu".
31. The king is elected, traditionally for a reign of ten years, by a council of ministers from amongst the senior members of the kingdom's royal clans. These clans correspond to the three districts of the island: Hahake, Hihifo, and Muʻa. The present king is of the Hihifo clan.
32. Her full name is "Ada Teaupurepure Tetupu".
33. The two high chiefs on Manihiki also traditionally reign over neighbouring Rakahanga. They represent the populace of both islands in the Are Ariki.
34. The title is also often written as Whakaheo Ariki.
35. Arikis of this line belong to either the Numatua or Tiangarotonga tribes.
36. The throne of Te Faingaitu Ariki (alternatively Whaingaitu) is currently vacant. It is apparently disputed between a number of members of the eligible tribes, but no information is available on the claimants.
37. Arikis of this line belong to either the Heahiro or Mokopuwai tribes.
38. Sources are unclear on the actual name of the current Tamuera Ariki (often written Samuela Ariki).
39. His name is sometimes written "Te Maeva" or simply "Maeva".
40. The Makea Nui Ariki is one of three high chiefs in the Te Au o Tonga tribe on Rarotonga. The previous died in 1994, and her successor has yet to be agreed upon. Several members of the tribe claim rightful inheritance of the title. Succession is traditionally limited to the Rangi Makea clan; the three other clans of the tribe (Sadaraka, Mere and Upokotokoa) are considered junior branches. Mere Maraea MacQuarrie, the youngest daughter of the last ariki, is the only known claimant from the Rangi Makea clan, and is apparently the contender most likely to be granted the title. Other contenders include Stanley Adam Hunt, Yolande Browne, and Matapo Oti Oti, all of whom claim descent from one or another of the earlier arikis. The first of these, Hunt, was "invested" with the Makea Nui title under the regnal name "Takaia Tutavake"; the ceremony, which took place 16 May 2009, was not recognised by the government.
41. Her full regnal name is "Tapaeru Teariki Upokotini Marie", although she is most commonly known simply as "Pa Marie".
42. There are three separate lineages eligible for the Puaikura chieftaincy, all of which descend from Tinomana Enuarurutini (ca. 1820–1854) and one of his three wives. They are (in order of seniority): Te Pori, Oakirangi, and Akaiti. The current ariki belongs to the Akaiti line.

See also

• Ethnarch
• List of sovereign monarchs
• List of current pretenders
• List of current queens regnant
• List of longest reigning current monarchs
• List of monarchies
• List of royal houses
• Lists of monarchs
• Monarchy
• Royal and noble ranks

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External links