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| This literature was absorbed by the Ottoman elite, and was partly even translated into ], contributing to the idea of an essence of "]" (''Türklük'') the honour of which came to be protected under Turkish law until the revision of ] in April 2008. | This literature was absorbed by the Ottoman elite, and was partly even translated into ], contributing to the idea of an essence of "]" (''Türklük'') the honour of which came to be protected under Turkish law until the revision of ] in April 2008. | ||
| The most influential of these sources were ''Histoire Générale des Huns, des Turcs, des Mongoles, et autres Tartares Occidenteaux'' (1756-1758) by ] (1721-1800) , and ''Sketches of Central Asia'' (1867) by ] (1832-1913), which was on the common origins of Turkic groups as belonging to one race, but subdivided according to physical traits and customs, and ''l’histoire de l’Asie'' (1896) by ] (1841-1900), which stressed the role of Turks in "carrying civilization to Europe", as a part of |
The most influential of these sources were ''Histoire Générale des Huns, des Turcs, des Mongoles, et autres Tartares Occidenteaux'' (1756-1758) by ] (1721-1800) , and ''Sketches of Central Asia'' (1867) by ] (1832-1913), which was on the common origins of Turkic groups as belonging to one race, but subdivided according to physical traits and customs, and ''l’histoire de l’Asie'' (1896) by ] (1841-1900), which stressed the role of Turks in "carrying civilization to Europe", as a part of greater "Turanid race" that included the Uralic and Altaic speaking peoples more generally.<ref> Gülden z Kibris, ''Creating Turkishness: An Examination of Turkish Nationalism through Gök-Börü'', Sabanci University (2005)</ref> There was also an ideology of ] in Hungarian fascism. | ||
| The ] type is a widely descibed anthropological type which in Europe occurs with the hungarians and seems to be the most numerous type among Hungarians with about 30-35%. Western authors who are not familiar with eastern types misinterprets it as a local Hungarian variant of the centraleuropean ], but the measurement differ. It can be sligthly mongoloid. Hair is black or brown-black. Eyes are brown. Body height and volume is greater than in the Alpine. Measurements of the head is greater. The width of the zygomatic bones are wide and this is a Mongoloid feature.<ref>http://www.racialcompact.com/racesofhumanity.html</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 08:42, 13 August 2010
Turanid is a term intended to cover populations of Central Asia associated with the spread of the Turanian languages, that is the combination of the Uralic and Altaic families (hence also "Ural-Altaic race"), in human genetics, physical anthropology and historically in scientific racism.
The latter usage implies the existence of a Turanid racial type or "minor race", subtype of the Europid race with Mongoloid admixtures, situated at the boundary of the distribution of the Mongolid and Europid "great races". The idea of a Turanid race came to play a role of some significance in Pan-Turkism or "Turanism" in the late 19th to 20th century. A "Turkish race" was proposed as an Europid subtype in European literature of the period.
This literature was absorbed by the Ottoman elite, and was partly even translated into Ottoman Turkish, contributing to the idea of an essence of "Turkishness" (Türklük) the honour of which came to be protected under Turkish law until the revision of article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code in April 2008. The most influential of these sources were Histoire Générale des Huns, des Turcs, des Mongoles, et autres Tartares Occidenteaux (1756-1758) by Joseph de Guignes (1721-1800) , and Sketches of Central Asia (1867) by Arminius Vambéry (1832-1913), which was on the common origins of Turkic groups as belonging to one race, but subdivided according to physical traits and customs, and l’histoire de l’Asie (1896) by Leon Cahun (1841-1900), which stressed the role of Turks in "carrying civilization to Europe", as a part of greater "Turanid race" that included the Uralic and Altaic speaking peoples more generally. There was also an ideology of Hungarian Turanism in Hungarian fascism. The Turanid type is a widely descibed anthropological type which in Europe occurs with the hungarians and seems to be the most numerous type among Hungarians with about 30-35%. Western authors who are not familiar with eastern types misinterprets it as a local Hungarian variant of the centraleuropean Alpine type, but the measurement differ. It can be sligthly mongoloid. Hair is black or brown-black. Eyes are brown. Body height and volume is greater than in the Alpine. Measurements of the head is greater. The width of the zygomatic bones are wide and this is a Mongoloid feature.
See also
References
- Endre Czeizel, Heide-G. Benkmann, H. Werner Goedde, Genetics of the Hungarian population: ethnic aspects, genetic markers, ecogenetics and disease spectrum, Springer Verlag, 1991, pp. 20f.
- Racial and cultural minorities: an analysis of prejudice and discrimination, Environment, development, and public policy, George Eaton Simpson, John Milton Yinger, Springer, 1985, ISBN 0306417774, p.32.
- American anthropologist, American Anthropological Association, Anthropological Society of Washington (Washington, D.C,), 1984 v. 86, nos. 3-4, p. 741.
- Gülden z Kibris, Creating Turkishness: An Examination of Turkish Nationalism through Gök-Börü, Sabanci University (2005)
- http://www.racialcompact.com/racesofhumanity.html
- Leon Cahun L’histoire de l’Asie (1896).
- Ilse Schwidetzky, Turaniden-Studien, Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, F. Steiner Verlag, Mainz, (1950).