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{{Infobox instrument {{Infobox instrument
| name = Duduk | name = Balaban
| names = Ծիրանափող (Tsiranapogh), düdük, duduki, дудка | image = Balaban (landscape).jpg
| image = Duduk (landscape).jpg
| image_capt = A traditional duduk | image_capt = A traditional duduk
| color = #FFEC8B | color = #FFEC8B
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| range = ] | range = ]
| related = | related =
| musicians = ], ], ], ], Vache Sharafyan | musicians = ], ]
| builders = | builders = Azerbaijanians
| articles = | articles =
}} }}
] ]


The '''duduk''' is a traditional ] popular in the ], the ] and ].<ref name=Unesco> from the ]'s 2005 proclamation.</ref><ref name="Armenianweekly.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.armenianweekly.com/2010/02/12/nothing-sounds-armenian-like-a-duduk/ |title=Nothing Sounds Armenian Like a Duduk: ALMA Lecture |publisher=Armenianweekly.com |date=2010-02-12 |accessdate=2010-02-22}}</ref><ref>Farmer, H.G. "Mizmār." ], 2nd Ed., v. 7. P. Bearman et al. (eds.) Leiden: Brill, 1993, p. 209.</ref><ref name=heqt>"." ''Hetq''.</ref> The English word is often used generically for a family of ethnic instruments including the ''doudouk''<!--SPELLING FROM PETER GABRIEL PASSION'S LINER NOTES AS WELL AS FROM ARMENIAN WEBSITE STEPANYAN.COM--> or ''duduk'' ({{lang|hy|]}}) (also ''tsiranapogh'' ({{lang|hy|]}}, literally "] horn") in ], the ''düdük'' or '']'' in ], the ''duduki'' in ], the ''balaban'' (or düdük) in ]<ref>Albright, Ch. "." ].</ref>, the ''narmeh-ney'' in ], the ''duduka'' or ''dudka'' in ] and ]. The word itself is ultimately derived from ] "düdük",<ref name=GSE>{{ru icon}} "." ].</ref><ref></ref> likely of ] origin. The word ''dudka'' in Slavic languages is a diminutive of ''duda'' and is of native ]<ref> in М. Фасмер (1986), ''Этимологический Словарь Русского Языка'' (Москва: Прогресс), 2-е изд. — Перевод с немецкого и дополнения О.Н. Трубачёва</ref> origin. The '''Balaban''' is a traditional ] of ].<ref name=Unesco>] "düdük",<ref name=GSE>{{ru icon}} "." ].</ref><ref></ref> likely of ] origin. The word ''Balaban'' in Slavic languages is a diminutive of ''duda'' and is of native ]<ref> in М. Фасмер (1986), ''Этимологический Словарь Русского Языка'' (Москва: Прогресс), 2-е изд. — Перевод с немецкого и дополнения О.Н. Трубачёва</ref> origin.


==Overview== ==Overview==
] ]


The duduk is a ] instrument which has ancient origins, said to be from 1500 to 3000 years old.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today the duduk is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed. Armenian duduks are mainly made from aged ] wood, although other regional varieties use other materials (mulberry, etc.). In Armenian the instrument is called "tsiranapogh" or "apricot pipe".<ref></ref> The particular tuning depends heavily on the region which it is played. In the twentieth century the Armenian duduk began to be standardized ] in scale and single-] in range. Accidentals, or ] are achieved using fingering techniques. The instrument's body also has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The ] (Armenian: ], ''eġegn''), is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly. Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breath requirements. The duduk player is called ''dudukahar'' (դուդուկահար) in Armenian. The Balaban is a ] instrument which has ancient origins, said to be from 1500 to 3000 years old.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today the Balaban is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed. Azerbaijanian Balaban are mainly made from aged ] wood, although other regional varieties use other materials (mulberry, etc.). The instrument's body also has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The ] is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly. Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breath requirements.


==History== ==History==
The duduk is one of the oldest double reed instruments in the world and dates back over 3,000 years to Ancient Armenia.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} Variants of the duduk can be found in ] and the ]. The roots of Armenian duduk music date to the reign of the Armenian king ] (r. 95–55&nbsp;B.C.).<ref>. ]. Accessed February 8, 2010.</ref> The instrument is depicted in numerous Armenian manuscripts of the Middle Ages.<ref></ref> According to ethnomusicologist Dr. Jonathan McCollum: The Balaban is one of the oldest double reed instruments in the world and dates back over 3,000 years to Ancient Azerbaijan Albania .{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} Variants of the duduk can be found in ] and the ].


{{bquote| It is actually the only truly Armenian instrument that’s survived through history, and as such is a symbol of Armenian national identity. The most important quality of the duduk is its ability to express the language dialectic and mood of the Armenian language, which is often the most challenging quality to a duduk player.<ref name="Armenianweekly.com"/>}} {{bquote| It is actually the only truly Azerbaijanian instrument that’s survived through history, and as such is a symbol of Azerbaijanian national identity. The most important quality of the Balaban is its ability to express the language dialectic and mood of the Azerbaijanian language, which is often the most challenging quality to a duduk player.


==Balkan duduk== ==Balkan Balaban==
While the term duduk mostly refers to a ] instrument, it sometimes also refers to a kind of blocked-end flute, which in Bulgaria and a part of Macedonia is also called ] or kavalče. Made of maple or other wood, it comes in two sizes: 700–780&nbsp;mm and 240–400&nbsp;mm (duduce). The blocked end is flat. Playing the duduk is fairly straightforward and easy, thus it is widely used throughout Macedonia. Its sound is clean and pleasant. While the term Balaban mostly refers to a ] instrument, it sometimes also refers to a kind of blocked-end flute, which in Bulgaria and a part of Macedonia is also called ] or kavalče. Made of maple or other wood, it comes in two sizes: 700–780&nbsp;mm and 240–400&nbsp;mm (duduce). The blocked end is flat. Playing the Balaban is fairly straightforward and easy, thus it is widely used throughout Macedonia. Its sound is clean and pleasant.


==Film music== ==Film music==
The sound of the duduk, if not the instrument itself, has become known to a large audience through its use in popular film soundtracks. Starting with ]'s score for ]'s '']'', the duduk's archaic and mournful sound has been employed in a variety of genres to depict such moods. Djivan Gasparian played the duduk in '']'', '']'', and '']'', among others<ref></ref>. The duduk has also been used in '']'', '']'' and even in ], like '']'' and '']'' TV series.<ref></ref> The sound of the Balaban, if not the instrument itself, has become known to a large audience through its use in popular film soundtracks. Starting with ]'s score for ]'s '']'', the Balaban's archaic and mournful sound has been employed in a variety of genres to depict such moods. Alihan Samedov played the Balaban in '']'', '']'', and '']'', among others. The Balaban has also been used in '']'', '']'' and even in ], like '']'' and '']'' TV series.<ref></ref>


== In popular culture ==
The ] entry from Armenia "]", which finished 7th in the final, featured the duduk played by ].


]


;Movie soundtracks
* '''Ararat''' by Michael Danna<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/ararat.html |title=Ararat |publisher=Filmtracks.com |date=2002-11-05 |accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref>
* '''Bedtimes Stories''' by Rupert Gregson-Williams<ref name="chrisbleth1">{{cite web|url=http://www.chrisbleth.com/credits.html |title=Chris Bleth Movie Credits |publisher=Chrisbleth.com |date= |accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref>
* '''Chronicles of Narnia''' by Harry Gregson-Williams, in the track ''A Narnia Lullaby''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Other reviews by Mike Brennan |url=http://www.soundtrack.net/albums/database/?id=3943 |title=soundtrack.net |publisher=soundtrack.net |date=2005-12-02 |accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref>
* '''Constantine''' by Brian Tyler, Klaus Badelt, in the track ''Circle of Hell''
* ] by Graeme Revell featuring the duduk player Djivan Gasparyan
* '''Don't mess with the Zohan''' by Rupert Gregson-Williams<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Elektra''' by Christophe Beck<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ] by Djivan Gasparyan in the track ''Duduk of the North''<ref></ref>
* '''Hulk (2003)''' by Danny Elfman<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/hulk.html |title=Hulk (Danny Elfman) |publisher=Filmtracks.com |date=2003-06-17 |accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref>
* '''Munich''' by John Williams
* '''Mayrig''' by Omar Al Shariff
* '''Next''' by Mark Isham<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End''' by Hans Zimmer<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Ronin (film)''' by ]
* '''The Island''' by Steve Jablonsky<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''The Kite Runner''' by Alberto Iglesias<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* ] by Peter Gabriel
* '''The Pact of Wolves''' by Joseph Loduca
* '''Vantage Point''' by Atli Orvarsson<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Wanted''' by Danny Elfman<ref name="chrisbleth1" />

<!--spacing-->

;Television soundtracks
* '''Angel''' by Rob Kral<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)''' by Bear McCreary. Its tracks ''Two Funerals'', ''Starbuck on the Red Moon'', ''Escape from the Farm'', ''Colonial Anthem'', ''Black Market'', ''Something Dark is Coming'', ''Martial Law'', ''Prelude to War'' feature the Armenian duduk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bearmccreary.com/blog/?p=42 |title=Instruments of Battlestar Galactica: Duduk |publisher=Bearmccreary.com |date=2006-09-28 |accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Runner |first=Blade |url=http://galactica-station.blogspot.com/2006/10/duduk-instrument-that-makes-hollywood.html |title=Duduk: The Instrument That Makes Hollywood Cry |publisher=Galactica-station.blogspot.com |date=2004-02-26 |accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/film/2006/dec06/bsg_s2.html |title=Battlestar Galactica: Season Two |publisher=Musicweb-international.com |date= |accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref> Roslin's theme was set to lyrics a second time for the third season premiere "Occupation", this time in Armenian.
* '''Buffy the Vampire Slayer''' by Christophe Beck, Tomas Wanker, Rob Dunkin, Douglas Stevens<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Castle''' by Robert Duncan<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Children of Dune''' by Brian Tyler in the tracks ''Dune Messiah'', ''The Throne of Alia'', ''The Preacher At Arrakeen'', ''Farewell''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinemusic.net/2008/12/27/children-of-dune/ |title=Children of Dune |publisher=Cinemusic.net |date= |accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref>
* '''CIS: New-York''' by Bill Brown<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Firefly''' by Greg Edmonson<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Jag''' by Steve Bramson<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Over There''' by Ed Rogers<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Path to 9/11''' by John Cameron<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Spartacus''' by Randy Miller. Track ''Second Thought''
* '''Star Trek Enterprise''' by Paul Baillargeon<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''The Mummy Who Would Be King''' by Gil Talmi, Andrew Gross<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''The Pacific''' by Blake Neely and Geoff Zanelli<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''The Shield''' features the armenian song ''Hayots Aghoonak'' by Seda Garibyan
* '''Xena: Warrior Princess''' by Joseph Loduca

<!--spacing-->

;Video game scores
* '''Dark Void''' by Bear McCreary<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Myst IV: Revelation''' by Jack Wall<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Prince of Persia: The Two Thrones''' by Inon Zur<ref name="chrisbleth1" />
* '''Uncharted 2''' by Greg Edmonson<ref name="chrisbleth1" />

<!--spacing-->

;Anime soundtracks
* '''Tales from Earthsea''' by Gedo Senki, in the tracks ''The Trip'', ''The Spider'' and ''Violent Robbery/The Seduction of the Undead''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Benoit Basirico |url=http://www.cinezik.org/critiques/affcritique.php?titre=contes_terremer |title=Gedo Senki (Les Contes de Terremer) |publisher=Cinezik.org |date=2005-11-14 |accessdate=2010-02-15}}</ref>

==See also==
{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
* ]{{nb10}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
{{col-break}}
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
{{col-end}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* - Duduk news, articles, teachers, artists, fingering charts etc.
*
* - Information and tips on playing and caring for a duduk.
*
*
*
*
* {{ru icon}}

<!--spacing-->

{{Doublereed}}
{{Iranian musical instruments}}

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Revision as of 13:36, 5 September 2010

Balaban
File:Balaban (landscape).jpgA traditional duduk
Classification Wind instrument with double reed
Playing range
Musicians
Alihan Samedov, Pedro Eustache
Builders
Azerbaijanians
A duduk

The Balaban is a traditional woodwind instrument of Azerbaijan.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). likely of onomatopoeic origin. The word Balaban in Slavic languages is a diminutive of duda and is of native Slavic origin.

Overview

A duduk mouthpiece

The Balaban is a double reed instrument which has ancient origins, said to be from 1500 to 3000 years old. The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today the Balaban is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed. Azerbaijanian Balaban are mainly made from aged apricot wood, although other regional varieties use other materials (mulberry, etc.). The instrument's body also has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The reed is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly. Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breath requirements.

History

The Balaban is one of the oldest double reed instruments in the world and dates back over 3,000 years to Ancient Azerbaijan Albania . Variants of the duduk can be found in Azerbaijan and the Caucasus.

{{bquote| It is actually the only truly Azerbaijanian instrument that’s survived through history, and as such is a symbol of Azerbaijanian national identity. The most important quality of the Balaban is its ability to express the language dialectic and mood of the Azerbaijanian language, which is often the most challenging quality to a duduk player.

Balkan Balaban

While the term Balaban mostly refers to a double reed instrument, it sometimes also refers to a kind of blocked-end flute, which in Bulgaria and a part of Macedonia is also called kaval or kavalče. Made of maple or other wood, it comes in two sizes: 700–780 mm and 240–400 mm (duduce). The blocked end is flat. Playing the Balaban is fairly straightforward and easy, thus it is widely used throughout Macedonia. Its sound is clean and pleasant.

Film music

The sound of the Balaban, if not the instrument itself, has become known to a large audience through its use in popular film soundtracks. Starting with Peter Gabriel's score for Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ, the Balaban's archaic and mournful sound has been employed in a variety of genres to depict such moods. Alihan Samedov played the Balaban in Gladiator, Syriana, and Blood Diamond, among others. The Balaban has also been used in The Crow, The Passion of Christ and even in science fiction, like Battlestar Galactica and Children of Dune TV series.

  1. Russian language dictionary in 4 volumes. Volume 1. 1999
  2. “дуда” in М. Фасмер (1986), Этимологический Словарь Русского Языка (Москва: Прогресс), 2-е изд. — Перевод с немецкого и дополнения О.Н. Трубачёва
  3. Balaban article from composer Bear McCreary's Battlestar Galactica site
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