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| '''Food energy''' is the amount of ] in food that is available through ]. The values for food energy are expressed in kilocalories (kcal) and kilojoules (kJ). | |||
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| One ] is the amount of energy (heat) to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius. The magnitude of human energy requirements makes it awkward to use such a small unit, so the convention of the capitalized Calorie is equal to 1000 lowercase calories, and is abbreviated kcal to indicate that is 1000 times as large as the calorie. | |||
| The ] unit ] is becoming more common. In some countries (Australia, for example) only the kilojoule is normally used. Some types of food contain more food energy than others: ]s and ]s have particularly high values for food energy. One ] is approximately equal to 4.1868 kilojoules. | |||
| ==Measuring food energy== | |||
| In the early twentieth century, the United States Department of Agriculture (]) developed a procedure for measuring food energy that remains in use today. | |||
| The food being measured is completely burned in a ] so that the ] released through ] can be accurately measured. This amount is used to determine the '''gross energy value''' of the particular food. This number is then multiplied by a ] which is based on how the human body actually digests the food. | |||
| For example, pure sugar releases about 3.95 kilocalories per gram (16.5 kJ/g) of ''gross energy'' but the digestibility coefficient of sugar is about 98% in humans, so the ''food energy'' of sugar is 0.98 × 3.95 = 3.87 kilocalories per gram (16.2 kJ/g) of sugar. | |||
| == Energy content == | |||
| * ''']''' contains about '''4''' nutritional calories per gram (17 kJ/g) | |||
| * ''']''' contains about '''4''' nutritional calories per gram (17 kJ/g) | |||
| * ''']''' contains about '''9''' nutritional calories per gram (38 kJ/g) | |||
| * ''']''' contains about '''7 ''' nutritional calories per gram (29 kJ/g) | |||
| == See also == | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] experiment showing food energy. | |||
| == References == | |||
| Health Canada (1997). p. 4 Retrieved Jan. 22, 2006. | |||
| ] | ] | ||
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