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:''This article is about a book on ]. A book on ] by ] has a similar title. See ] for further meanings.'' | ||
| '''''The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life''''' is a book by ] and Gary Selden in which Becker, an orthopedic surgeon at the time working for the ], describes his research into "our bioelectric selves".<ref>{{cite web | last=Howe | first=LM | title=British Cell Phone Safety Alert and An Interview with Robert O. Becker, M. D. | publisher=Council on Wireless Technology Impacts | date=2000-05-15 | url=http://www.energyfields.org/science/becker.html | accessdate=2009-02-09 }} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> | |||
| El cuerpo eléctrico: Electromagnetismo y la Fundación de la Vida''''' es un libro de ] y Gary Selden en el que Becker, cirujano ortopédico y que al tiempo trabajaba en ], describe su investigación sobre "nuestra bioelectrica". | |||
| A ] search gives 91 listings for Becker RO in ] scientific journals, 33 as first author (including several in the journals '']'' and ''])''. ''The Body Electric'' is largely a summary of this work. Becker set out to examine why normal bones heal, and then explore the reasons why bones fail to heal properly. His experiments were mostly with ]s and ]s, and his scope was widened to studying ] after ]s such as limb ]. He suspected that ]s played an important role for controlling the regeneration process, and therefore mapped the ]s at various body parts during the regeneration. | |||
| This mapping showed that the central parts of the body normally was positive, and the limbs negative. When a limb of a salamander or frog was amputated, the voltage at the cut changed from about -10 mV (]s) to +20 mV or more the next day—a phenomenon called ''the current of injury''. In a frog, the voltage would simply change to the normal negative level in four weeks or so, and no limb regeneration would take place. In a salamander, however, the voltage would during the first two weeks change from the +20 mV to -30 mV, and then normalize (to -10 mV) during the next two weeks—and the limb would be regenerated. | |||
| Este mapeo demostró que las partes centrales del cuerpo normalmente son positivas, y negativas en las extremidades. Cuando un miembro de una salamandra o rana fue amputado, el voltaje en la altura de corte pasa de aproximadamente -10 mV (] s) a 20 mV o más al día siguiente-un fenómeno conocido como''la corriente de lesión'' . En una rana, el voltaje es simplemente cambiado al nivel normal negativo en mas o menos cuatro semanas , y así no se genera la regeneración de los miembros . En una salamandra, sin embargo, el voltaje que mantiene durante el cambio de las dos primeras semanas parte de los 20 mV a -30 mV, y luego se normaliza (a -10 mV) durante las próximas dos semanas y asi la extremidad se regenera. | |||
| Becker regarded these voltage changes as very important, both as an indicator of the regeneration process, and as an indication of the factors needed for improving regeneration. The electric field changes turned out to be caused by currents in the nerves, and the limb regeneration occurred from ]s, which first ]d into unspecialized cells, and then ]d into the new cells needed. | |||
| Becker considera que estos cambios de voltaje son muy importantes, tanto como un indicador del proceso de regeneración, como una indicación de los factores necesarios para mejorar el proceso de regeneración en si. Los cambios del campo eléctrico resultan ser causado por las corrientes en los nervios, y la regeneración de los miembros se produjo a partir de ] s, que por primera vez se ] en células no especializadas, y luego se ] en las nuevas células necesarias. | |||
| Becker later observed several interesting properties of bones and bone growth, proposing that bones are ]s and ] in nature. These tie into the healing process by electrically stimulating ] to differentiate into a form of adult ] which regrew the bone from within by ]. By applying external electrical stimulation in the proper form, he was able to induce bone healing in patients whose bones had failed to heal together. | |||
| Becker observó después varias propiedades interesantes de los huesos y el crecimiento óseo, proponiendo que los huesos son ] s, y ]s en la naturaleza. Estos proceso tiene relación con la curación por estimulación eléctrica de ] para diferenciarse en una forma de adulto ], donde volvía a crecer el hueso en su interior por ]. Mediante la aplicación de la estimulación eléctrica externa en forma adecuada, él fue capaz de inducir la cicatrización ósea en pacientes cuyos huesos no se habían podido curar. | |||
| Later in his research, observing from prior research that ] had been used as an antibacterial material in the past, he used a combination therapy of silver with electrical stimulation (used in this case primarily for ] -- to drive silver ions further into tissue to enhance its antibacterial action) and observed the desired antibacterial effect. Also observed was that with proper stimulation ] would dedifferentiate and apparently became able to form new cell types, leading to the possibility of wider uses for ] in humans and other animals. | |||
| Más adelante en su investigación, a partir de observaciones anteriores el las que la ] había sido utilizada como un material antibacteriano en el pasado, usó una terapia de combinación de la plata con la estimulación eléctrica (utilizada en este caso principalmente de ] - para conducir más los iones de plata en los tejidos y así mejorar su acción antibacteriana) y así observó el efecto antibacteriano deseado . También se observó que con la estimulación adecuada los ] se diferencian y al parecer también es capaz de formar nuevos tipos de células, dando lugar a la posibilidad de un mayor uso de ] en los seres humanos y otros animales. | |||
| From ''The Body Electric''; "the ('positive silver') technique makes it possible to produce large numbers of dedifferentiated cells, overcoming the main problem of mammalian ] - the limited number of bone marrow cells that dedifferentiate in response to electrical current alone. Whatever its precise mode of action may be, the electrically generated silver ion can produce enough cells for human blastemas; it has restored my belief that full ] of limbs, and perhaps other body parts, can be accomplished in humans." | |||
| Desde''''El cuerpo eléctrico, "la técnica de la('plata positiva') hace posible producir grandes cantidades de células indiferenciadas, superando el problema principal de los mamíferos ] - el número limitado de las células de la médula ósea que se desdiferencian en respuesta solamente a la corriente eléctrica. Sea cual sea su modo de acción preciso , la electricidad generada por los iones de plata puede producir células para blastemas humanos, lo que ha devuelto la plena convicción de que . ] de las extremidades y tal vez de otras partes del cuerpo, se puede lograr en los seres humanos. " | |||
| Más adelante en el libro que explora sus preocupaciones con los efectos nocivos de la ] en los organismos vivos. | |||
| Later in the book he explores his concerns with deleterious effects of ] on living organisms. | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 18:32, 3 December 2010
| Author | Robert O. Becker and Gary Selden |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Harper Paperbacks |
| Publication date | August 5, 1998 (paperback) |
| Media type | Paperback |
| Pages | 368 |
| ISBN | 0-688-06971-1 |
| OCLC | 14273458 |
| Dewey Decimal | 591.19/127 19 |
| LC Class | QP82.2.E43 B4 1985 |
- This article is about a book on bioelectromagnetism. A book on Kirlian photography by Thelma Moss has a similar title. See Body Electric for further meanings.
The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life is a book by Robert O. Becker and Gary Selden in which Becker, an orthopedic surgeon at the time working for the Veterans Administration, describes his research into "our bioelectric selves".
A PubMed search gives 91 listings for Becker RO in peer-reviewed scientific journals, 33 as first author (including several in the journals Science and Nature). The Body Electric is largely a summary of this work. Becker set out to examine why normal bones heal, and then explore the reasons why bones fail to heal properly. His experiments were mostly with salamanders and frogs, and his scope was widened to studying regeneration after lesions such as limb amputation. He suspected that electric fields played an important role for controlling the regeneration process, and therefore mapped the electric potentials at various body parts during the regeneration.
This mapping showed that the central parts of the body normally was positive, and the limbs negative. When a limb of a salamander or frog was amputated, the voltage at the cut changed from about -10 mV (millivolts) to +20 mV or more the next day—a phenomenon called the current of injury. In a frog, the voltage would simply change to the normal negative level in four weeks or so, and no limb regeneration would take place. In a salamander, however, the voltage would during the first two weeks change from the +20 mV to -30 mV, and then normalize (to -10 mV) during the next two weeks—and the limb would be regenerated.
Becker regarded these voltage changes as very important, both as an indicator of the regeneration process, and as an indication of the factors needed for improving regeneration. The electric field changes turned out to be caused by currents in the nerves, and the limb regeneration occurred from red blood cells, which first dedifferentiated into unspecialized cells, and then differentiated into the new cells needed.
Becker later observed several interesting properties of bones and bone growth, proposing that bones are semiconductors and piezoelectric in nature. These tie into the healing process by electrically stimulating bone marrow cells to differentiate into a form of adult stem cells which regrew the bone from within by regeneration. By applying external electrical stimulation in the proper form, he was able to induce bone healing in patients whose bones had failed to heal together.
Later in his research, observing from prior research that silver had been used as an antibacterial material in the past, he used a combination therapy of silver with electrical stimulation (used in this case primarily for iontophoresis -- to drive silver ions further into tissue to enhance its antibacterial action) and observed the desired antibacterial effect. Also observed was that with proper stimulation fibroblasts would dedifferentiate and apparently became able to form new cell types, leading to the possibility of wider uses for regenerative healing in humans and other animals.
From The Body Electric; "the ('positive silver') technique makes it possible to produce large numbers of dedifferentiated cells, overcoming the main problem of mammalian regeneration - the limited number of bone marrow cells that dedifferentiate in response to electrical current alone. Whatever its precise mode of action may be, the electrically generated silver ion can produce enough cells for human blastemas; it has restored my belief that full regeneration of limbs, and perhaps other body parts, can be accomplished in humans."
Later in the book he explores his concerns with deleterious effects of electromagnetic fields on living organisms.
See also
Sources
- The Body Electric. Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life, by Robert O. Becker and Gary Selden. Morrow, New York 1985, ISBN 0-688-06971-1
Corroborative sources: The papers listed in the article Robert O. Becker.
References
- Howe, LM (2000-05-15). "British Cell Phone Safety Alert and An Interview with Robert O. Becker, M. D." Council on Wireless Technology Impacts. Retrieved 2009-02-09.