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Revision as of 00:54, 9 December 2010

This is a list of the most notable contents of the United States diplomatic cables leak.

• † This number documents the number of cables released at the given timestamp.

By Company

• Mastercard/Visa: US diplomats lobbied Russian politicians for US credit card companies Mastercard and Visa. A law proposal currently undergoing discussion in the Russian State Duma proposes a National Payment Card System (NPCS) to collect all credit card fees for domestic transactions. This would result in a revenue loss for Visa and Mastercard.

By Organization

United Nations

In July 2009, a confidential originating from the State Department ordered U.S. diplomats to spy on the leader of the United Nations, Secretary general Ban Ki-moon, and other top U.N. officials. The intelligence info the diplomats were ordered to gather included biometric information, passwords, and personal encryption keys used in private and commercial networks for official communications. The news was revealed by website Wikileaks on November 28, 2010. About the legal issue, the UN had previously declared that spying on the Secretary general was illegal, as a breach of the 1946 UN convention. Peter Kemp, Solicitor of the Supreme Court of New South Wales, and International Law professor Ben Saul, publicly asked the Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard to complain "to the U.S. about both Secretaries of State Condoleeza Rice and Hillary Clinton being in major breach of International law ie UN Covenants, by making orders to spy on UN personnel, including the Secretary General, to include theft of their credit card details and communication passwords. Perhaps the Attorney General should investigate this clear prima facie evidence of crime (likely against Australian diplomats as well), rather than he attempts to prosecute the messenger of those crimes."

Former UN diplomats commented that UN officials already work under the assumption that they are spied on and are used to getting around it, but the surprise in this case was that it was done by other diplomats rather than intelligence agencies. This scenario therefore blurs the line between diplomats and spies. Julian Assange claimed that not only Clinton, but "the whole chain of command who was aware of this order, and approved it, must resign if the U.S. is to be seen to be a credible nation that obeys the rule of law." When asked whether President Obama was also responsible for the order and should resign, Assange added that "the order is so serious it may well have been put to the president for approval." State Department spokesman Philip Crowley stated that Clinton had not drafted the directive and that the Secretary of State's name is systemically attached to the bottom of cables originating from Washington.

European Union

European Union President Herman Van Rompuy was quoted saying to the U.S. ambassador to Belgium, Howard W. Gutman, that "EU no longer believes in the success of the military mission in Afghanistan". He also added "Europe is doing it and will go along out of deference to the United States, but not out of deference to Afghanistan"

NATO

NATO created plans to defend the Baltic states and Poland against a Russian attack. Nine British, German, US, Polish divisions have been designated for combat operations in the event of a Russian attack. In 2011 NATO wants to conduct exercises for this new plan. The US also offered to Poland to station special naval forces in Gdańsk and Gdynia as well as stationing F-16 fighter aircraft and C-130 Hercules transport aircraft in Poland.

By region

Other information in the tranche of cables released by WikiLeaks on 28 November 2010 and subsequent days included the following:

Americas

Brazil

An American ambassador stated that Brazil remained "paranoid" over his ability to retain claims to the Amazon Rainforest and oil reserves, despite the knowledge that there are "no international threats" over them. The ambassador's rationales for President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva's actions is that they "serve the practical purpose of tasking the military with developing greater capabilities" while remaining "politically popular white elephants."

Canada

• Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) Director Jim Judd complained about Canada's courts and general public to U.S. Counselor of the State Department Eliot A. Cohen in Ottawa on 2 July 2008. He ascribed an "Alice in Wonderland" worldview to Canadians and their courts, whose judges have tied CSIS "in knots", making it ever more difficult to detect and prevent terror attacks in Canada and abroad.
• Judd commented that cherry-picked sections of the court-ordered release of a DVD of Guantanamo detainee and Canadian citizen Omar Khadr would likely show three Canadian adults interrogating a kid who breaks down in tears. He observed that the images would no doubt trigger "knee-jerk anti-Americanism" and "paroxysms of moral outrage, a Canadian specialty", as well as lead to a new round of heightened pressure on the government to press for Khadr's return to Canada. He predicted that Harper's government would nonetheless continue to resist this pressure.
• Judd is quoted as telling Cohen that Canadian spies had prior warning that an explosion at Sarpoza Prison in Kandahar, Afghanistan was being planned by the Taliban. However, Judd stated that the spies "could not get a handle on the timing". An investigation headed by Foreign Affairs Minister David Emerson, into intelligence failures leading to the prison break, claimed Canada did not suspect an attack. Former Chief of Defence Staff Rick Hillier stated in a committee hearing that "Obviously we would have liked to have known so we could have pre-empted or helped, more accurately, the Afghans pre-empt that kind of thing".
• CSIS officers have been "vigorously harassing" known Hezbollah members in Canada.
• U.S. diplomats in Ottawa wrote to Washington that the CBC pushes "insidious negative popular stereotyping" with "anti-American melodrama" in its entertainment television programs, according to documents to be released by the website WikiLeaks.

Haiti

• Brazil's Army leads MINUSTAH, a 12,000-strong peacekeeping mission in Haiti. According to cables, the Army is frustrated with the lack of an exit strategy.

Honduras

• A cable from the U.S. Embassy in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, definitively characterizes the June 2009 ousting of President Manuel Zelaya as "an illegal and unconstitutional coup". The decisiveness of the cable was not reflected in Clinton's reluctance to use such terminology in public statements and the U.S. State Department's failure to cut off all aid save "democracy assistance", as required by law in the case of a coup. The cable is also seemingly at odds with relatively rapid moves by the U.S., the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank to normalize relations with Honduras.

United States

• The U.S. bargained with other nations on moving prisoners from the Guantanamo Bay detention camp to other countries. In one case, U.S. officials allegedly offered Slovenia a meeting with U.S. President Barack Obama, if the country accepted one of the Guantanamo Bay detainees. Offers to other countries include economic incentives or a visit from Obama.

Venezuela

• A cable sent from the US embassy in Brasilia on 13 November 2009 reported that Brazilian Defense Minister Nelson Jobim "all but acknowledged presence of the FARC in Venezuela".
• Spanish newspaper El País released some information about the remaining Venezuelan cables, not released yet at the WikiLeaks webpage. These cables supposedly deal with issues related to Cuban intelligence in Venezuela working together with the Venezuelan government.
• A cable sent from the US embassy in Caracas on 14 December 2009 explains what the embassy considers to be the situation of Venezuelan public health system and the government actions related to the public health sector. This in the context of raised protests in private and public hospitals with motivation in the alleged failure of Barrio Adentro, a social welfare program, with support of Cuban doctors, that seeks to provide comprehensive publicly-funded health care, dental care, and sports training to poor and marginalized communities in Venezuela.

Eastern Asia and Oceania

Australia

• Then Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd advised Hillary Clinton to be in a position to use force against China "if everything goes wrong".
• In Washington during a March 24, 2009 meeting, Rudd described to Clinton that China was "paranoid" about Taiwan and Tibet, and that his plan for an "Asia-Pacific Community" was envisaged to weaken China's authority in the region.

People's Republic of China

• A Chinese official revealed that both public opinion in China and the government are "increasingly critical" of North Korea, stating that "China's influence with the North was frequently overestimated". The Chinese mentioned that they do not "like" North Korea, but "they are a neighbor".
• A Chinese contact told the U.S. Embassy in Beijing that the Politburo of the Communist Party of China was responsible for instigating the January 2010 Google hacking incident which was part of a wider "coordinated campaign of computer sabotage carried out by government operatives, private security experts and Internet outlaws recruited by the Chinese government" targeting the U.S. and its Western allies.
• In February 2009, the U.S. Ambassador to Kyrgyzstan spoke to her Chinese counterpart, Zhang Yannian, after being notified that China had offered Kyrgyzstan $3 billion in return for the closure of Manas Air Base — an important U.S. base in Bishkek handling flights into and out of Afghanistan. She stated that during the encounter "visibly flustered, Zhang temporarily lost the ability to speak Russian and began spluttering in Chinese". He responded with his own proposal to the U.S. on dealing with the Kyrgyz to keep the base open, during which his aide remarked: "Or maybe you should give them $5 billion and buy both us and the Russians out".
• China's foreign policy has been criticized by a Western diplomat as a "newly pugnacious", despite earlier policies assuring China's rise would be a "peaceful" one. US ambassador to Beijing, Jon Huntsman, Jr., has stated that the recent policy shift is "losing friends worldwide". Huntsman discussed a British diplomat critical of conduct by Chinese officials at the Copenhagen climate change summit, who considered the change in China's approach "shocking". He mentions that "China's more aggressive approach" has caused India to strengthen their relationship with the United States. Japanese diplomats confirmed the new "aggressive" approach, and a Moroccan diplomat commented that "China will never play the role of a global leader if it treats its trade partners so poorly". However, Huntsman reminds that this does not imply that nations will turn toward the United States in response, and that many countries are equally suspicious of the Americans as they are of the Chinese. He quotes Juliu Ole Sunkuli, who "claimed that Africa was better off thanks to China's practical, bilateral approach to development assistance and was concerned that this would be changed by 'western' interference… Sunkuli said Africans were frustrated by western insistence on capacity building, which translated, in his eyes, into conferences and seminars. They instead preferred China's focus on infrastructure and tangible projects."
• The cables state that China is engaging in cyberwarfare to bolster offensive and defensive computer network operations capabilities. Their recruits include Lin Yong, using the alias Lion, who founded the Honker Union of China, a Chinese hacker group that emerged after the US bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade in 1999 and XFocus, the hacker group that released blaster worm in August 2003.

Koreas

• North Korea was behaving like a "spoiled child", according to Chinese officials, who were prepared to accept Korean reunification under South Korean leadership. They estimated they could cope with an influx of 300,000 North Korean refugees in the event of instability on the peninsula.
• U.S. and South Korea officials have discussed reunification of the two Koreas should the North ultimately collapse, according to the American ambassador to Seoul.

Thailand

• In Thailand, Russian associates of alleged arms dealer Viktor Bout tried to block his extradition from Thailand to America by bribing a key witness in the case, US diplomats warned in secret cables. Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva was insisting his government was not subject to pressure from Washington to extradite suspected Russian arms smuggler Viktor Bout.

Middle East and North Africa

Afghanistan

• A cable from the American Embassy in Kabul, said that Ahmad Zia Massoud, Vice President of Afghanistan, was found carrying $52 million in cash that he "was ultimately allowed to keep without revealing the money’s origin or destination". The discovery was made in the United Arab Emirates by local authorities working with the Drug Enforcement Agency.
• Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan, was described as "paranoid" in one cable.
• A cable recounting meetings between American officials and Ahmed Wali Karzai, in September 2009 and February 2010, offered the following warning: "Note: While we must deal with AWK as the head of the Provincial Council, he is widely understood to be corrupt and a narcotics trafficker". Noting several of Karzai's statements known to be false, the cables explain that "He appears not to understand the level of our knowledge of his activities. We will need to monitor his activity closely, and deliver a recurring, transparent message to him".
• The U.S. military took 15 percent of the €50 million the German government gave to a trust fund to build up the Afghan National Army.

Iran

• The cables reveal some Arab distrust for Iran, and encouragement from pro-US Arab leaders for a military strike on the nuclear facilities in Iran. Saudi King Abdullah has repeatedly urged the U.S. to attack Iran's nuclear facilities. In one diplomatic cable, King Abdullah said it was necessary to "cut the head of the snake", in reference to Iran's nuclear program. This remains problematic, as many Arab leaders have refrained from publicly criticizing Iran, due to popular support for the country.
• Muhammad bin Zayed, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, urged the U.S. not to appease Tehran and said, "Ahmadinejad is Hitler".
• King Hamad of Bahrain was quoted in 2009 as saying, "That program must be stopped. The danger of letting it go on is greater than the danger of stopping it".
• Maj-Gen. Muhammad al-Assar, assistant to the Egyptian defense minister, was quoted in 2009 saying that "Egypt views Iran as a threat to the region".
• U.S. intelligence has assessed that Iran obtained from North Korea advanced missiles (derived from a Soviet design) that are more powerful than publicly admitted by the U.S. to be in Iran's possession. These missiles, designated the BM-25, have a range of up to 2,000 miles (3,200 km). However, another cable that has received less attention from mainstream press describes a meeting of US and Russian officials, where the latter dismissed the former's claims, pointing out technical flaws in the evidence presented and inconsistencies in the story.
• An unidentified ally of former Iranian President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani stated that Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei has terminal leukemia and is expected to die in months, and Rafsanjani's unwillingness to act after the disputed Presidential election in 2009 comes from his wish to succeed Khamenei and annul Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's election afterwards.
• Reports that the Iranian Red Crescent was alleged to be actively controlled by the government and was involved in illicit arms smuggling and intelligence gathering on behalf of Iran.
• A cable from the U.S. State Department indicated that the U.S. was pushing for co-operation from its allies to impose further sanctions on Iran in response to its nuclear program.
• Iran's Ministry of Intelligence and National Security in communication with the Canadian Security Intelligence Service agreed to "help" on Afghan issues, including sharing information regarding potential attacks. CSIS director Jim Judd had confided however that he had not "figured out what they are up to", since it is clear that the "Iranians want ISAF to bleed...slowly".
• According to a cable sent from the U.S. embassy in Baku, Azerbaijan in 2009, there is a "widespread rumor" that many Iranians in Baku conduct in illicit activities and that these activities are tied to Iran. These activities include sanctions-busting, money laundering, obtaining spare parts, equipment and revenue generation for the Iranian Revolutionary Guard and management of narcotics trafficking originating from Iran. The cable mentions that many Iranians residing in Baku from different backgrounds, including students, business figures, and human rights activists are involved in these activities.

Israel

• Summary of U.S. Congressman Gary Ackerman's meeting with Netanyahu from Wikileaks cables: Netanyahu stated that a return to the 1967 borders and dividing Jerusalem was not a solution since further withdrawals would only whet the appetite of radical Islam. Ackerman asked if the Palestinians would accept peace based on the 1967 lines. Netanyahu said he would not agree to such a withdrawal since the 1967 lines were indefensible, but he added that the "right of return" was the real acid test of Arab intentions.
• Israel was ready to attack a nuclear-armed Iran, and saw 2010 as a pivotal year. The United States is supplying bunker-buster munitions explicitly for this purpose.
• In August 2007, Israeli Mossad chief Meir Dagan suggested to the U.S. to make use of local fringe groups to try and topple the Iran. WikiLeaks documents also suggest that Dagan denied plans to attack a Syrian nuclear facility, just two months before an attack actually happened.
• Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak consulted with Fatah of the Palestinian Authority and asked if they could take over control of Gaza Strip after expected Israeli victory during Operation Cast Lead, but met with refusal.
• In a conversation with Ackerman in 2007, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Shimon Peres had admitted to him that the Oslo peace process he helped initiate was based on a mistaken premise. Netanyahu said Peres had told him the European and US assistance to the Palestinian Authority had established a "bloated bureaucracy, with PA employees looking to the international community to meet their payroll".
• In the same document, Netanyahu described Kadima as a "fake party" and referred to the Second Lebanon War as "stupid" and criticized the approach of Ehud Olmert's policies towards the conflict.
• In one document from April 2007, Netanyahu, who was opposition leader at the time, describes the Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas as a "nice man who means well" and urges Washington to focus on toppling Hamas through an "economic squeeze" saying it would be "easier to weaken Hamas than to strengthen Abbas".
• In 2008, U.S. diplomats in the Middle East were instructed to secretly collect personal information on Palestinian leaders, and to closely monitor Israeli military and telecommunication capabilities. One State Department directive orders U.S. diplomats to report on Israeli Military tactics, techniques, and procedures dealing with conventional and unconventional counterinsurgency operations.
• According to a cable from the U.S. embassy in Tel Aviv, Netanyahu supports the concept of land-swaps with the Palestinian Authority and does not want to govern the West Bank and Gaza but rather to stop attacks from being launched from there.
• Netanyahu was described by Luis G. Moreno in one cable: "Netanyahu warned that when Israel left Lebanon it created a first Iranian base, that when it left Gaza it created a second Iranian base, and if Israel "promised" a third retreat from the West Bank it would see the same results. The three options, according to Netanyahu, included withdrawing to the 1967 borders (which would "get terror, not peace"), doing nothing (which he considered "just as bad"), or "rapidly building a pyramid from the ground up". Netanyahu suggested a rapid move to develop the West Bank economically, including "unclogging" bureaucratic "bottlenecks".
• Dagan told American diplomat Frances Fragos Townsend that "nothing will be achieved" in the peace process according to a secret cable the U.S. Embassy in Tel Aviv sent to the State Department. During a two-hour meeting, Dagan told Townsend that Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas would "likely move to Qatar and join his mysteriously wealthy son there" in the event Hamas took over the West Bank. In the same cable, Dagan was recorded accusing Saudi Foreign Minister Saud bin Faisal of playing a "very negative role" and characterized Qatar as "a real problem", accusing its leader Sheikh Hamid bin Khalifa al-Thani of "annoying everyone". He also suggested the US should move its bases out of Qatar.
• In 2007, then Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs Tzipi Livni said she "doubted that a final status agreement could be reached with Abbas, and therefore the emphasis should be on reforming Fatah so that it could beat Hamas at the polls".
• Israeli aerial attacks on Syria (during Operation Orchard, conducted on September 6, 2007) were likely grounded in a confirmed threat. A functioning nuclear reactor had been constructed by Syria, which may have at some point been in use. "(SBU) DG ElBaradei's report on Syria reinforces our conclusion that Syria was engaged in a clandestine effort to construct and operate a nuclear reactor at Al Kibar. The report also helps to confirm that uranium found via environmental samples collected at the site is not naturally occurring, lending credence to the fact that the facility in question was a reactor. Although the report does not categorically dismiss Syria's explanation that the uranium was from Israeli missiles used in the attack on the reactor in September 2007, it suggests that this explanation is highly unlikely. Syria delivered an eleventh-hour letter on 17 February 2009 attempting to demonstrate a degree of cooperation immediately before the report's release. The report notes that the responses in the Syrian letter "were only partial ... and did not address most of the questions raised in the Agency's communications". Importantly, the report also calls on Syria to allow access to other locations and allow inspectors to take samples of the debris removed from Al Kibar as soon as possible, noting that these measures are "essential" for the IAEA to be able complete its assessment".
• Recent intensification of insurgencies in Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Syria and Sudan may be the result of jihadis returning from Iraq (perhaps, in response to American successes there). "(S) Summary: Mossad Chief Meir Dagan told CODEL Corzine March 13 that Israeli and U.S. thinking on Iran largely tracks, adding that he believes the EU dialogue with Iran will ultimately fail. Dagan said that Israel has evidence that some foreign fighters have returned home from Iraq, perhaps indicating that the tide may be starting to turn in the U.S. battle against the insurgency there. He worried however, that these militants' countries of origin—in particular Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Syria and Sudan—are ill-equipped to control the returning jihadis, who might then pose a threat to stability in the region and, ultimately, to Israel. End Summary".

Jordan

• A document dated from April 2, 2009 shows then-president of the Jordanian Senate, Zeid Rifai, saying "Bomb Iran, or live with an Iranian bomb. Sanctions, carrots, incentives won’t matter" in a conversation with US ambassador David Hale. According to the cable, "while Rifai judged a military strike would have ‘catastrophic impact on the region,’ he nonetheless thought preventing Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons would pay enough dividends to make it worth the risks".

Kuwait

• Emir of Kuwait Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah referring to Kuwaiti Guantanamo detainees said "You know better than I that we cannot deal with these people (the Guantanamo detainees). I can't detain them. If I take their passports, they will sue to get them back. I can talk to you into next week about building a rehabilitation center, but it won't happen. We are not Saudi Arabia; we cannot isolate these people in desert camps or somewhere on an island. We cannot compel them to stay. If they are rotten, they are rotten and the best thing to do is get rid of them. You picked them up in Afghanistan; you should drop them off in Afghanistan, in the middle of the war zone".

Libya

• A Libyan shipment of enriched uranium to Russia, brokered by the United States, was nearly the cause of an environmental disaster in Tripoli, in 2009.

Qatar

• Qatar is using the Arabic TV news channel Al-Jazeera as a bargaining chip in negotiations with other countries. It is "one of Qatar's most valuable political and diplomatic tools".
• Hillary Clinton said that Qatar along with Saudi Arabia, United Arab emirates and Kuwait continue to fund terror.
• The chief of Israel's spy agency Mossad, Meir Dagan warned that Qatar, poses "a real problem" as its emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, tries to please all parties in the Middle East, including Syria, Iran and the Palestinian Islamist movement Hamas.

Saudi Arabia

• Diplomats claim that Saudi donors remain chief financiers of terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda, Taliban and LeT. Militants seeking donations often come during the hajj pilgrimage. In one occassion, Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), which carried out the 2008 Mumbai attacks, used a Saudi-based front company to fund its activities. Main concern of the officials in Riyadh embassy is protecting Saudi oilfields from al-Qaida attacks.
• Saudi King Abdullah has repeatedly urged the U.S. to attack Iran's nuclear facilities. In one diplomatic cable, King Abdullah said it was necessary to "cut the head of the snake", in reference to Iran's nuclear program.
• Iraqi government officials see Saudi Arabia, not Iran, as the biggest threat to the integrity and cohesion of their fledgling democratic state. Iraqi contacts think that the Saudi goal is to enhance Sunni influence, dilute Shia dominance and promote the formation of a weak and fractured Iraqi government.
• King Abdullah proposed that Guantanamo detainees could be monitored through the use of "electronic chips".
• Foreign Minister Prince Saud al-Faisal proposed to the US special adviser to Iraq, David M. Satterfield, that an Arab force supported by US and NATO air power could fight Hezbollah in Lebanon. He accused the UN troops in Lebanon of "sitting doing nothing."
• In Jeddah, despite CPVPV (the religious police of Saudi Arabia), there is an ongoing underground nightlife, which includes "the full range of worldly temptations and vices" ie "alcohol, drugs, sex ". Even though these parties are in violation of CPVPV's laws, the mutaween of CPVPV are afraid to stop these parties since these parties are hosted by the princes of Al-Saud, the monarchic ruling house of Saudi Arabia.

Syria

• Syria increased arms shipments to Hezbollah despite its claims that new shipments had ceased.
• A Syrian foreign minister was alleged to have fallen for a "tabloid-like story" regarding the death of Princess Diana. An American ambassador stated that this displayed the Syrian government's "'stark ignorance' of the outside world".
• Omar Suleiman, Chief of the Egyptian General Intelligence Directorate, stated that Syria "desperately" wants the halt of the investigation about the assassination of Rafic Hariri, Prime Minister of Lebanon, in 2005. Syria is suspected of involvment in fore-mentioned bombing and in the killings of anti-Syrian figures in neighbouring Lebanon.

Turkey

• Turkey did not invite India for a meeting on Afghanistan to appease Pakistan, reflecting Islamabad’s insistence at every international forum that India be kept out of any meeting on Afghanistan.
• Former Danish prime minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen, during a meeting with Turkish foreign ministry undersecretary Feridun Sinirlioglu, promised to shut down the controversial Denmark-based Kurdish TV-station Roj TV, in order to prevent Turkish obstruction to his appointment as Secretary General of NATO.
• Turkey complained to British diplomats that Sarah Ferguson, the Duchess of York, wanted to ruin Turkey's chances to join the European Union by filming a documentary revealing the plight of disabled children in Turkey. The UK foreign secretary responded by saying that "as a private citizen, her activities could not 'be controlled'".
• Turkish military officials have pressured the U.S. for Predator B drones, to use against the Kurdistan Workers Party in Iraq. Due to American concerns over a potential rise of Islamic fundamentalism in Turkey, the "State Department has warned that the purchasing process promises to be 'long and complex.'"
• Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan, is no fan of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey, and the ruling Justice and Development Party despite both countries maintaining fraternal relations publicly. Aliyev criticised Turkish foreign policy by calling it 'naïve'. He also revealed that he had sold gas to Russia in order to impede Turkey's ability to "create a gas distribution hub".

United Arab Emirates

• Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Muhammad bin Zayed of the United Arab Emirates, referred to as MBZ in the cables, urged the US not to appease Iran and said, "Ahmadinejad is Hitler".
• Muhammad bin Zayed supported the U.S. decision to sell F-16 aircraft to Pakistan to strengthen the Musharraf government, saying the sale would not alter the balance of strength between India and Pakistan.
• Diplomats in the UAE revealed that Muhammad bin Zayed, Abdullah II of Jordan and the UK's Prince Andrew, Duke of York, are "close friends" that "frequently hunt – in Morocco and Tanzania".
• UAE military officials have pressured the U.S. for Predator B drones, to be used in countering Iran. As Iran is known to be developing its own drones, a UAE general stated "That’s why we need it first...give me Predator B".
• Muhammad bin Zayed believes that an Israeli strike will not be successful in stopping Iran's nuclear programme, and therefore a new plan is required. He also believes that Israel will strike Iran, causing Iran to launch missile attacks including hits on the UAE and to unleash attacks worldwide. In his view, the map of the Middle East would change.
• Muhammad bin Zayed apparently runs the United Arab Emirates. While he is officially only the Crown Prince of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, and his only federal title is Deputy Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, he is said to be the key decision maker on national security issues. He was observed to be unlike his elder half-brother President Khalifa, who is reported to be a distant and uncharismatic personage. 'MBZ' has authority in all matters except for final decisions on oil policy and major state expenditures.
• MBZ described a nuclear armed Iran as absolutely untenable. He believes that 'all hell will break loose' if Iran attains the bomb, with Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Turkey developing their own nuclear weapons capability and Iran instigating Sunni-Shia conflict.
• MBZ said Iran is surrounding Israel driven by ideological conviction and will threaten Israel's existence should it go nuclear. At the same time, he described Iran's ambitions as reflecting a desire to restore Persia's great-power status, rather than driven by religious convictions.
• MBZ suggested that the key to containing Iran revolves around progress on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. He argued that it will be essential to bring Arab public opinion in line with the leadership in any conflict with Iran and that roughly 80% of the public is amenable to persuasion. To win them over, the U.S. would have to quickly bring about a two state solution over the objections of the Netanyahu government. He suggested working with moderate Palestinians that support the road map, and forget about the others as there is no time to waste.
• UAE's security officials believed that India along with Iran had supported the Pakistani Taliban and Pushtun separatists. The UAE security officials also believe that the Taliban may draw support from the sizeable Pashtun population resident in the UAE.

Yemen

• Yemen President Ali Abdullah Saleh said if the U.S. attacks Al-Qaida bases in Yemen, he will tell the people of Yemen that it was the Yemeni military that has carried out the attacks rather than the U.S. He asserted that "we'll continue saying the bombs are ours, not yours" in a meeting with General David Petraeus, then head of United States Central Command. Yemen's Deputy Prime Minister for Defense and Security Affairs, Rashad Mohammed al-Alimi, also joked about lying to Parliament on U.S. involvement of bombings.

Africa

Zimbabwe

• In 2007 a group of exiled businessman proposed plans for a bloodless coup to remove Robert Mugabe. The idea was to get Mugabe to shift power to a "technocratic" prime minister and continue to be president with limited power until 2010.

South Asia

India

• A U.S. State Department cable called India a "self-appointed frontrunner for permanent UNSC seat". However, despite the criticisms, the U.S. remains supportive of India's bid for a seat in the United Nations, along with that of Japan, Brazil, and Germany.
• The U.S. State Department solicited "biographical and biometric information on key NAM/G-77/OIC Permanent Representatives, particularly India, China".
• The U.S. conducted its own secret analysis of India's military contingency plans, which are codenamed Cold Start. India has said that if sufficiently provoked, it would mount a rapid invasion of Pakistan. The U.S. said in a cable that it doubted the Indian Army was capable of doing so: "It is the collective judgment of the mission that India would likely encounter very mixed results. Indian forces could have significant problems consolidating initial gains due to logistical difficulties and slow reinforcement". However, U.S. Ambassador to India Tim Roemer warned that for India to launch the Cold Start doctrine, would be to "roll the nuclear dice". It could trigger the world's first use of nuclear weapons since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Indian leaders no doubt realize that, although Cold Start is designed to punish Pakistan in a limited manner without triggering a nuclear response, the Indians cannot be sure whether Pakistani leaders will in fact refrain from such a response". To counter the Indian doctrine, U.S. diplomats in Islamabad were told Pakistan was working on producing smaller, tactical nuclear weapons such as nuclear artillery that could be used on the battlefield against Indian troops.
• Seven months after the 2008 Mumbai attacks, Pakistan-based terror group Lashkar-e-Taiba had plans to assassinate Gujarat chief minister Narendra Modi

Pakistan

• Grave fears in the U.S. and the U.K. over the security of Pakistan's nuclear weapons programme. Since 2007, the U.S. has mounted a highly secret effort, so far unsuccessful, to remove from a Pakistani research reactor highly enriched uranium that American officials fear could be diverted for use in an illicit nuclear device. In the words of U.S. ambassador to Pakistan Anne W. Patterson, Pakistan had refused visits from American experts, while an official told her "If the local media got word of the fuel removal, they would certainly portray it as the United States taking Pakistan's nuclear weapons".
• In July 2009, Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed, Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces and de facto defence chief, said Zardari was "dirty but not dangerous" and that former prime minister Nawaz Sharif was "dangerous but not dirty -- this is Pakistan".
• Saudi King Abdullah called President Asif Ali Zardari of Pakistan the greatest obstacle to the country's progress. "When the head is rotten", he said, "it affects the whole body".
• The Saudi Government is concerned about Pakistan's political fragility, and has worked hard through its embassy in Islamabad, to bring the Pakistani factions together. Saudi relations with Pakistan have been strained because the Saudis do not trust Zardari and see him and other leading Pakistani politicians as corrupt.
• A new rail link between Pakistan and Iran would be delayed for the time being, owing to poor conditions, low freight-carrying capacity and unrest from Baloch insurgents in the Balochistan region of both countries. Likewise, a natural gas pipeline agreement was also not expected to be fruitful because "the Pakistanis don't have the money to pay for either the pipeline, or the gas".
• According to the U.S. embassy in Tel Aviv, Israel was concerned for the well-being of former president Pervez Musharraf and wanted him to stay in power in 2007. The director of Mossad, Meir Dagan, remarked: "...he is facing a serious problem with the militants. Pakistan’s nuclear capability could end up in the hands of an Islamic regime".
• Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak described Pakistan as his "private nightmare". He said that a potential Islamic extremist threat in Pakistan could wake up the world "with everything changed". Barak also dismissed the idea of using force on Iran as backfiring upon moderate Muslims in Pakistan, saying that while the two countries were interconnected, such a causal chain could not be established.
• In February 2010, a Turkish expert on South Asian Affairs, Engin Soysal, told U.S. Undersecretary for Political Affairs William J. Burns that the Pakistani military was unhappy with Zardari, though it was not leaning to intervene. Soysal added that the "senior officers' patience may not be infinite", and that "Zardari needs to increase the democratic legitimacy of parliament".
• Jasmine Zerinini, a French specialist on Afghanistan-Pakistan affairs, said that Pakistan Army Chief General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani had "learnt his lesson from Musharraf" by staying behind the scenes and not interceding in the country's political situation. At the same time, Zerinini claimed that Kayani was manipulating the government into preventing policy change on Pakistan's war-ridden tribal belt and he had a role in provoking controversy surrounding the contentious Kerry-Lugar bill. She also added that the West had not adequately targeted Pakistan's military to take on the Afghan Taliban hiding in Pakistan, saying militant leaders had been allowed to create networks funded by Gulf donors which were difficult to be defeated.
• The cables reveal that Vice President Biden told British Prime Minister Gordon Brown in March 2009 that Mr. Zardari had told him he feared an army coup and that the "ISI director and Kayani will take me out".
• In a conversation with French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner, US Defence Secretary Robert Gates said he found it "astonishing" that President Zardari was still in power in 2010 and that the Pakistani military's operations against militants along the Afghan border had been striking. Kouchner concurred and added that political and military changes in Pakistan were "nothing short of a miracle". Gates and Kouchner also discussed the improving image of the Pakistan Army after its "aggressive campaign against the insurgency".
• Fearing attempts on his life, Zardari told ambassador Anne W. Patterson that in the event he were to be assassinated, he had instructed his son Bilawal Zardari Bhutto (who along with Zardari is the co-Chairman of the ruling Pakistan Peoples Party) to appoint his sister Faryal Talpur as President and he had informed the United Arab Emirates of his intent to allow the family to continue living there.
• In November 2007, Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman, a politician and leader of the Islamist party Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, invited Patterson to a dinner in which he sought her support in becoming Prime Minister and expressed a desire to visit America. According to Rehman's personal aide, "All important parties in Pakistan had to get the approval" of the US. Referring to Rehman, Patterson mentioned "He has made it clear that....his still significant number of votes are up for sale". The cables also highlighted the contradictions of other prominent figures. Amin Fahim, a Bhutto follower hoping to run for Prime Minister, led an Islamic religious party "while enjoying an occasional bloody mary".
• According to a document from October 2009, head of Pakistan's intelligence agency Ahmad Shuja Pasha provided intelligence on potential terrorist attacks in India to Israel. According to the cable, "He had been in direct touch with the Israelis on possible threats against Israeli targets in India".
• Kayani is described in American interactions as "direct, frank, and thoughtful" and has "fond memories" of time spent on a military training course in the US. He also "smokes heavily and can be difficult to understand as he tends to mumble". ISI chief Ahmad Shuja Pasha was said to be "usually more emotional" than Kayani.
• In February 2009, Zardari's spokesperson Farahnaz Ispahani said the president was "very unhappy" with the way Prime Minister Gillani had "gone off the reservation" (in relation to Gillani's talks with Shahbaz Sharif that the government would not try to remove the Sharifs from power in Punjab). In 2008, Zardari also commented on Amin Fahim, saying he "had spent most of the campaign in Dubai (with his latest 22 year-old wife) and was simply too lazy to be prime minister".
• In 2008, Pakistani Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani personally consented American drone strikes in Pakistan's tribal areas along the Afghan border to combat the Taliban. When Interior Minister Rehman Malik recommended the US to hold back "alleged Predator attacks until after the Bajaur operation", Gillani dismissed the remarks and was heard saying: "I don’t care if they do it as long as they get the right people. We’ll protest in the National Assembly and then ignore it".
• There are revelations that small teams of elite US special forces may have been dispatched in the tribal belt to help coordinate the Pakistani military's operations. One record indicates that up to 16 US soldiers had been deployed to help Pakistani troops in 2009. Their role is primarily training-oriented and to provide "intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance" support – ISR in military jargon – "general operational advice" and set up live satellite feed from presumably CIA-operated American drones flying overhead.
• DG ISI, General Shuja Pasha revealed to the MPs in the Pakistani Parliament that India, Russia, UAE support Baloch insurgency in Pakistan. General Pasha also claimed that India and the UAE (reportedly due to opposition to construction of the Gwadar port) were funding and arming the Baloch, and that the Russian government was directly involved in funding/training/supporting the insurgency.

Sri Lanka

• Foreign Secretary of United Kingdom David Miliband directed much of his attention on the final stages of Sri Lankan Civil War to win votes of Tamils in UK stated Tim Waite, a Foreign Office team leader on Sri Lanka, quoted in one US embassy cable. "He said that with UK elections on the horizon and many Tamils living in Labour constituencies with slim majorities, the government is paying particular attention to Sri Lanka, with Miliband recently remarking to Waite that he was spending 60 per cent of his time at the moment on Sri Lanka" the cable revealed.
• Verifying the accountability for alleged crimes in the final stages of the Sri Lankan civil war "has been the most difficult issue in our bilateral agenda", stated Patricia A. Butenis, US ambassador to Sri Lanka. "There are no examples we know of a regime undertaking wholesale investigations of its own troops or senior officials for war crimes while that regime or government remained in power". Cable also revealed that "Most Tamils in Sri Lanka appear to think it is both unrealistic and counter-productive to push the issue too aggressively" quoting several Tamil politicians including R. Sampanthan, leader of the Tamil National Alliance.

Europe

Albania

• After accepting five Uighur detainees from Guantánamo Bay in 2006, Sali Berisha offered to take three to six detainees extra. American diplomats portrayed his offer as "gracious, but probably extravagant... as always, the Albanians are willing to go the extra mile to assist with one of our key foreign policy priorities".

Armenia

• The 2010 diplomatic cable leaks revealed US anger against Armenia for allegedly shipping arms to Iran. In late 2008, US diplomats came to the conclusion that in 2003, when Sargsyan was the Minister of Defense of Armenia, the government of Armenia had purchased anti-tank rockets and machine guns from Bulgaria and supplied them to Iran. These weapons were subsequently sent by Iran to insurgents in Iraq and were used to kill American soldiers there. The allegation was denied by Armenian President Serge Sargsyan even though U.S. Diplomats provided all of the evidence proving the transfers took place. The cables contain angry letters from Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice and John D. Negroponte to Sargsyan. U.S troops continue to find military equipment from the Sargsyan deal at the hands of insurgents during their raids.

Austria

• U.S. diplomats criticised the Austrian government — and especially Austria Chancellor Werner Faymann, and minister of defence Norbert Darabos — for the lack of interest in foreign policy. Foreign minister Michael Spindelegger is criticised for only caring about the expansion of the Austrian economy. Further contacts between Austrian banks and Iran and North Korea are criticised.

Baltic countries

• The three Baltic countries, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have been added to Poland as countries to be defended from Russia. Such plans by the US and NATO were revealed by the leak of a confidential cable from US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in January 2010 that allegedly stated that this expansion of pre-existing contingency plans, known as Eagle Guardian, had been approved by NATO allies. This would specifically involve American, British, German and Polish NATO divisions. The cable also warned against public discussion of the military plans for fears of unneeded increase of NATO-Russia tensions. According to Russian foreign ministry sources they were "perplexed" to learn of these plans.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

• The French government pushed for the closure of the Office of the High Representative despite conditions not being met, in opposition to the US.
• US and Turkish officials pressured Haris Silajdžić, a former member of the presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, to ease his rhetoric and desist from using the word "genocide" in relation to Serbs.
• Milorad Dodik, then prime minister of the Republika Srpska entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina, supported the Ahtisaari plan for the independence of Kosovo.

Croatia

• A cable written by the United States Ambassador to Croatia Ralph Frank in November 2003 reveals the American interest in obtaining the S-300 surface-to-air missile system from Croatia. The Croatian government acquired the system in 1995, before the Operation Storm, but it was incomplete and was never operative. According to other sources, including the court testimony of arms dealer Zvonko Zubak, the system was indeed shipped to the United States in 2004.

Denmark

• Former Danish prime minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen, during a meeting with Turkish foreign ministry undersecretary Feridun Sinirlioglu, promised to shut down the controversial Denmark-based Kurdish TV-station Roj TV, in order to prevent Turkish obstruction to his appointment as Secretary General of NATO.

Georgia

• U.S. dispatches had apparently reported as early as 2007 that Russia had provided Grad missiles and other arms to the Georgian separatist regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, and had engaged in a large variety of covert activities aimed at destabilizing Georgia, before the 2008 war.
• It is implied in the cables that Georgia ignored Armenian offers for discussion on the situation and humanitarian measures during the 2008 war, causing many Armenian diplomats to feel offended. Eduard Nalbandyan, the Foreign Minister of Armenia, noted that if Armenian and Georgian ties weaken, there could be problems in the future with Javakhk Armenians.
• The U.S. had consistently viewed only the Georgian account of events as legitimate regarding Georgia's conflict with Russia.

Germany

• A number of cables from the Berlin embassy reveal the U.S. concern on Germany’s position in the SWIFT-, TFTP- and the bilateral US-Germany data sharing agreement. A revealing cable from December 2009 (09BERLIN1528) describes how German Minister of the Interior Thomas de Maizière overruled Justice Minister Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and abstained from voting at the November 30 Committee of Permanent Representatives vote in Brussels on an interim U.S.-EU agreement to continue the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program (TFTP).
• U.S. embassy personnel were very critical of German foreign minister Guido Westerwelle. American diplomats have criticized his effectiveness, stating that "he's no Genscher". An embassy cable sent from Berlin on 22 September 2009 describes Westerwelle as having an "exuberant personality" and calling him an "enigma" who "remains sceptical about the US".
• American officials warned Germany in 2007 not to enforce arrest warrants for CIA officers involved in a bungled operation in which Khalid El-Masri, an innocent German citizen with the same name as a suspected militant, was mistakenly kidnapped and held for months in Afghanistan.
• It is revealed that the U.S. had an informant in the coalition talks between the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and Free Democratic Party (FDP) for Cabinet Merkel II. FDP chairman Guido Westerwelle's chief of staff Helmut Metzner admitted that he gave regular information to the U.S. embassy.

Ireland

• A 2006 memo on Ireland featured when on 1 December 2010 it was revealed that American diplomats discussed the Irish government's attempts to oppose American military use of Shannon Airport before Ireland's 2007 general election. After this release Amnesty International asked the Irish government to tighten its legislation to control the use of Irish airspace by the Americans. Colm O'Gorman, the organisation's executive director in Ireland, observed that concerns expressed by Irish citizens over the misuse of the airport by the Americans was "a problem to be managed rather than something to be taken seriously".
• According to a 2006 diplomatic cable sent from the U.S. embassy in Ireland, "the Irish Government has informally begun to place constraints on US military transits" at Shannon Airport. The Irish government attempted to limit the transfer of weapons from the U.S. to Israel via the Shannon Airport. James C. Kenny, U.S. Ambassador to Ireland at the time, said Irish officials were warned that the U.S. would use other airports if the policy continued.

Italy

• American officials voiced concerns over Berlusconi's relationship with Putin, "including 'lavish gifts,' lucrative energy contracts and a 'shadowy' Russian-speaking Italian go-between". Diplomats consider him "to be the mouthpiece of Putin" in Europe.
• The Georgian ambassador in Rome has told American officials that Georgia believes Putin has promised Berlusconi a percentage of profits from any pipelines developed by Gazprom in coordination with Eni S.p.A..
• Berlusconi is alleged to have not supported Kosovo's independence because of his affinity towards Russia.
• Berlusconi's foreign policy is seen as chaotic, meddling with critical themes and "complicating international efforts" in matters such as Iranian nuclear crisis, relationship with Russia and G8 policies

Poland

• The diplomatic cables reveal the US army Patriot missiles, deployed in north-eastern Poland in early 2010, were neither operational nor armed with missiles and their value was purely symbolic. The Polish government however believed that the US Patriot battery had boosted Polish air defences. The February 2009 cable from Victor Ashe, the US ambassador in Warsaw, to Washington reveales that the Poles have not been told that the battery would rotate without actual missiles and that the Polish officials expectations were naive.

Romania

• Former European Commissioner for External Relations Chris Patten was quoted saying in 2004 that Croatia was probably far more prepared for EU membership than either Bulgaria or Romania, adding that Romania, in particular, was a "feral nation".
• The US Embassy in Paris informs about a talk between Pierre Moscovici and Victoria Nuland, US Ambassador to NATO. The 2006 cable reads that Moscovici said that Romania and Bulgaria will join the EU in 2007 but the joining will be accompanied by heated debates.
• A 2007 cable presents a discussion among American and French diplomats. One of the French diplomats comment that Russians could argue that American military bases in Bulgaria and Romania are destined not only for trainings but also for new implementations. The comment is not explained nor commented.
• A 2009 cable presents an information for FBI director Robert Mueller reading that France is a destination of prostitute victims and Romania appears as a supplier of prostitutes
• February 5, 2009 Hillary Clinton meets French Foreign Affairs Bernard Kouchner and talks include a mention that Romania and Poland were completely cut off from the energy policy.

Russia

• Alleged links between the Russian government and organised crime. Russia was labelled as a Mafia-state.
• Russian president Dmitry Medvedev often acts under the influence of Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, and "plays Robin to Putin's Batman".
• Diplomats were highly sceptical of Putin's claim that he knew nothing about Alexander Litvinenko's poisoning.
• U.S. dispatches had apparently reported as early as 2007 that Russia had provided Grad missiles and other arms to the Georgian separatist regions of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, and had engaged in a large variety of covert activities aimed at destabilizing Georgia, before the 2008 war.
• Russian leaders, in response to the Holodomor, sent a letter by President Medvedev to " Ilham Aliyev telling him that if Azerbaijan supported the designation of the Bolshevik artificial famine in Ukraine as 'genocide' at the United Nations, 'then you can forget about seeing Nagorno-Karabakh ever again.'

Chechnya

• Reports that Ramzan Kadyrov, the Chechnyan leader, "showered" his friends at a wedding with gold.
• Reports from an unnamed, non-Chechen source in Moscow that the Kremlin-appointed Chechen leadership was "lacking experts to develop programs for economic recovery, is simply demanding and disposing of cash from the central government."
• Chris Patten, the former European commissioner apparently said of Vladimir Putin "He seems a completely reasonable man when discussing the Middle East or energy policy, but when the conversation shifts to Chechnya or Islamic extremism, Putin's eyes turn to those of a killer."

Dagestan

• Reports on the lavish lifestyle of the Dagestani elites.
• Concerns about increasing levels of fundamentalist Islam.

Serbia and Kosovo

• In 2009, French diplomat Jean-David Levitte said that EULEX has diplomatic issues with the Kosovo government and public, and that Serbian Foreign Minister Vuk Jeremić "makes promises that he never keeps". He also criticised Jeremić for inaction in encouraging "Serb return or participation in the Kosovo government".
• The Guardian suggested that cables regarding Serbia awaiting publication could refer to reasons why Ratko Mladić has not yet been arrested.

Slovenia

• According to the cables, the State Department ordered diplomats to spy on their Slovenian counterparts, with directives such as gaining their credit card numbers and phonebooks. American diplomats were also ordered to research Slovenian international relations, including various agreements and projects connected to Russia. The U.S. also wanted to gain information on subjects such as money laundering and organised crime, as well as information on locations of various chemical factories, secret underground military bases, evacuation plans of hospitals and buildings of the goverment and Slovenia's commitment to the War in Afghanistan.

Spain

• U.S. officials tried to pressure Spain into dropping court investigations into the CIA's extraordinary rendition, torture at Guantanamo Bay, and the 2003 killing of José Couso, a Spanish journalist, in Iraq by American troops. Moreover, politicians such as the former Deputy Prime Minister María Teresa Fernández de la Vega and the former Minister of Foreign Affairs Miguel Ángel Moratinos, the Attorney General Cándido Conde-Pumpido and Audiencia Nacional judge Javier Gómez Bermúdez, among others, also collaborated with U.S. officials in the above cases and in forcing the downfall of Audiencia Nacional judge Baltasar Garzón.

United Kingdom

• U.K. Foreign Office officials misled the public over Diego Garcia, and privately admitted no regret over the eviction of the Chagos islanders (Chagossians).
• U.K. Foreign Office officials concealed from Parliament a loophole in the ban on use and storage of cluster bombs, allowing the U.S. to store the munitions on U.K. territory
• The U.K. Ministry of Defence's director general for security policy told Ellen Tauscher, U.S. Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs, that the U.K. government had "put measures in place to protect your interests during the UK inquiry into the causes of the Iraq war".
• Prince Andrew, Duke of York, was noted as saying "The Americans don’t understand geography. Never have. In the UK, we have the best geography teachers in the world!"
• Secretary of State David Miliband directed much of his attention to the final stages of Sri Lankan Civil War in order to win the votes of Tamils in the UK.
• The U.S. dismissed U.K. concerns about the use of RAF Akrotiri to stage U-2 spy plane flights.
• The British government secretly supported the early release of Abdelbaset Ali al-Megrahi, who was convicted of carrying out the Lockerbie bombing. The British government had previously stated that the release, authorised by the Scottish government, was "a mistake" which it regretted.

Diplomatic analysis of individual leaders

Harsh criticism by U.S. embassy staff of their host governments:

 Afghanistan

• Hamid Karzai, President of Afghanistan, was called "paranoid" by diplomats. The diplomats stated that he is considered "an extremely weak man who did not listen to facts but was instead easily swayed by anyone who came to report even the most bizarre stories or plots against him".

 Albania

• Sali Berisha, Prime Minister of Albania, was called "To pro american as needed" by the diplomats. After his offer to take more Gitmo prisoners American diplomats portrayed his offer as "gracious, but probably extravagant". "As always, the Albanians are willing to go the extra mile to assist with one of our key foreign policy priorities", a cable said.

 Argentina

• Cristina Kirchner and Néstor Kirchner, current and former Presidents of Argentina, respectively, are described as "paranoid regarding power" and showing "ineptitude for foreign policy". Also it asks for information on the mental state and health of the current president of Argentina.

 Armenia

• Serge Sargsyan, President of Armenia, was noted in the letters from U.S. administration to Sargsyan condemning the Armenian arms shipments to Iran which killed American soldiers and his unreasonable denials of transfer or weapons.

 Australia

• Kevin Rudd, former Prime Minister of Australia, was described as a "control freak" and "a micro-manager obsessed with managing the media cycle rather than engaging in collaborative decision making". Diplomats also criticized Rudd's foreign policy record.

 Austria

• Werner Faymann, Chancellor of Austria, was criticised for a lack of interest in foreign politics.

 Azerbaijan

• Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan, was a cross between fictional mafia bosses Michael Corleone and Sonny Corleone from the mob film The Godfather (1972), being a "pragmatist" when it comes to foreign policy but "increasingly authoritarian" on domestic policy.
• Mehriban Aliyeva, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev's wife, according to US embassy dispatches, was said to have "so much plastic surgery that it is possible to confuse her for one of her daughters from a distance, but that she can barely still move her face".

 Brazil

• Brazil's Foreign Ministry was described as an "opponent" with an "anti-American slant".
• Brazilian Defense Minister Nelson Jobim confirmed an earlier rumor that the President of Bolivia, Evo Morales, is suffering from a serious sinus tumor.

 France

• Nicolas Sarkozy, French president, was described by U.S. diplomatic officials as "thin-skinned", "authoritarian" and an "emperor with no clothes".

 Germany

• Angela Merkel, German chancellor, is called Angela "Teflon" Merkel. The diplomats stated that "when cornered, Merkel can be tenacious but is risk averse and rarely creative".

 Haiti

• Cables from the US Embassy in Port-au-Prince paint an exhaustive portrait of Haiti's President Rene Preval. Preval is described as fearful of exile, passive, indifferent to his advisors, and at the same time prone to micro-management. There is "special intelligence" on his medical regimen and he's rumored to be drinking heavily. And he's skeptical of a UN-commissioned report being touted by the international community as a development template for Haiti.

 Iran

• Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President of Iran, was criticised by many Arab leaders. Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Muhammad bin Zayed urged the US not to appease Tehran and said, "Ahmadinejad is Hitler".

 Iraq

• Nouri al-Maliki, Prime Minister of Iraq, was labeled a "liar" by King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, "saying he would never support him".

 Israel

• Benjamin Netanyahu is "elegant and charming", according to a cable apparently penned by an official at the U.S. embassy in Egypt, "but never keeps his promises".

 Italy

• Silvio Berlusconi, Prime Minister of Italy, was defined by the U.S. Embassy in Rome as "feckless, vain, and ineffective as a modern European leader". US diplomatic officials also said that because of his constant partying he is never well rested.

 Libya

• Muammar al-Qadhafi, leader of Libya allegedly has a fear of flying over water and he no longer relies on his all female bodyguard force, only taking one to the UN during 2010. Gene Cretz, the US ambassador to Libya noted that that Qadhafi never travels without his "voluptuous blonde" Ukrainian nurse, with whom some claim he is romantically linked. When her visa was not approved in time for Qadhafi’s trip to the UN, he had her privately flown to him afterward. The nurse is identified as Galyna Kolotnytska.

 North Korea

• Kim Jong-il, leader of North Korea, was portrayed to diplomats by a source as a "'flabby old chap' and someone who had suffered 'physical and psychological trauma' as a result of his stroke". Chinese diplomats consider Kim irascible and unpredictable, mentioning they do not "like" North Korea, but "they are a neighbour". Kim has a reputation among Chinese diplomats as being "quite a good drinker".

 Pakistan

• Asif Ali Zardari, President of Pakistan, was called "dirty but not dangerous" by Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed, in contrast to former prime minister Nawaz Sharif who was described as "dangerous but not dirty -- this is Pakistan". Saudi King Abdullah was critical of Zardari, stating that "when the head is rotten... it affects the whole body".

 People's Republic of China

• Hu Jintao, the Chinese president, was described by Japanese prime minister Taro Aso as "confident and relaxed" during their meeting. This is in contrast to Premier Wen Jiabao, who was "very tired and seemed under a lot of pressure", attributed to the financial crisis.

 Russia

• Vladimir Putin, the Russian prime minister, wields less power than his "alpha dog" image in the media portrays. He is alleged to bribe Kremlin figures, or else many of his edicts are not implemented. American diplomats have raised concerns over personal corruption, calling Putin's Russia a "mafia state". The Swiss oil-trading company Gunvor is "rumored to be one of Putin’s sources of undisclosed wealth", allegedly "bringing its owners billions of dollars in profit". Diplomats have also discussed Putin's very close relationship with Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, and "the pair enjoyed such a close relationship that they shared a 'direct line'". It is suspected that Berlusconi personal relationship with Putin influenced the sale of part of Russian state-owned Gazprom’s oil subsidiary Gazpromneft to Italian Eni.
• Dmitry Medvedev, the Russian president, was described as "pale" and "indecisive", playing "Robin to Putin's Batman".

 Saudi Arabia

• King Abdullah was stated by diplomats as "'tending to express himself tersely' because of his lifelong struggle with a 'speech impediment', but added that he is a 'wry and forthright interlocutor.'"

 Sweden

• Carl Bildt, Swedish minister of foreign affairs, was described as a "Medium size dog with big dog attitude".

 Turkey

• Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkish prime minister, was described as a "perfectionist workaholic who sincerely cares for the well-being of those around him". He was also described by US diplomats as having "little understanding of politics beyond Ankara" and as surrounding himself with an "iron ring of sycophantic (but contemptuous) advisors". He is said to be "isolated", and that his MPs and Ministers feel "fearful of Erdogan's wrath". Diplomats state that "he relies on his charisma, instincts, and the filterings of advisors who pull conspiracy theories off the web or are lost in neo-Ottoman Islamist fantasies". Erdogan responded strongly to the claims, threatening a lawsuit. He rejects the allegations of having "eight secret accounts in Swiss banks", stating that the people responsible for the 'slander' will "be crushed under these claims, will be finished and will disappear".

 Turkmenistan

• Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov, President of Turkmenistan, was described as "vain, fastidious, vindictive, a micro-manager, and a bit of an Ahal Teke 'nationalist.'" The American diplomat also commented that Berdymukhammedov has a Russian mistress.

 Zimbabwe

• Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe, was described as the devil. The cable said that Mugabe was cleverer and more ruthless than any other Zimbabwean politician.
• Morgan Tsvangirai, Prime Minister of Zimbabwe, was described as flawed, indecisive and lacking executive experience.

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160. Evans, Rob; Leigh, David (1 December 2010). "WikiLeaks Cables: Secret Deal Let Americans Sidestep Cluster Bomb Ban — Officials Concealed from Parliament How US Is Allowed To Bring Weapons on to British Soil in Defiance of Treaty". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 December 2010.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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163. "08BISHKEK1095, Candid Discussion with Prince Andrew on the Kyrgyz". http://wikileaks.dd19.de. 29 October 2008. Retrieved 1 December 2010. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
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