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Mehmed V
Ottoman Sultan and Caliph (full titles)
Reign	27 April 1909 – 3 July 1918
Sword girding	10 May 1909
Predecessor	Abdülhamid II
Successor	Mehmed VI
Grand Viziers	Ahmed Tevfik Pasha Hüseyin Hilmi Pasha İbrahim Hakkı Pasha Küçük Mehmet Sait Pasha Ahmed Muhtar Pasha Kıbrıslı Mehmed Kamil Pasha Mahmud Shevket Pasha Said Halim Pasha Mehmed Talat
Wives	Kam-res Durr-i And Mihr-engiz Naz-perver Dil-firib
Issue	Prince Mehmed Ziyaeddin Prince Mehmed Necmeddin Prince Omer Hilmi Princess Refia Sultana
Dynasty	Ottoman
Father	Abdülmecid I
Mother	Gülcemal Sultan
Religion	Sunni Islam
Signature

Mehmed V Reshad (Ottoman Turkish: محمد خامس Meḥmed-i ẖâmis, Template:Lang-tr or Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)) (2/3 November 1844 – 3/4 July 1918) was the 35th Ottoman Sultan. He was the son of Sultan Abdülmecid I. His Mother was Valide Sultan Gülcemal, (Caucasus, 1826 - Constantinople, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, 16 November 1851), originally named Sofiya, an Albanian.

Birth

He was born at Topkapı Palace, Constantinople. Like many other potential heirs to the throne, he was confined for 30 years in the Harems of the palace. For nine of those years he was in solitary confinement. During this time he studied poetry of the old Persian style and was an acclaimed poet. On his ninth birthday he was ceremoniously circumcised in the special Circumcision Room (Sünnet Odasi) of Topkapı Palace.

Reign

His reign began on 27 April 1909 but he had no real political power. The actual decisions were made by various members of the Ottoman government and finally, during the First World War, by the Three Pashas: Enver Pasha, Talat Pasha, and Cemal Pasha.

Mehmed V's only significant political act was to formally declare Jihad against the Allies on 11 November 1914. This was the last genuine proclamation of Jihad in history by a Caliph, as the Caliphate lasted until 1924. The proclamation had no noticeable effect on the war, despite the fact that many Muslims lived in Ottoman territories. The Arabs eventually joined the British forces against the Ottomans with the Arab Revolt in 1916.

Mehmed V hosted Kaiser Wilhelm II, his World War I ally, in Constantinople on 15 October 1917. He was made Generalfeldmarschall of the Kingdom of Prussia on 27 January 1916 and of the Empire of Germany on 1 February 1916.

Death

Mehmed V died at Yıldız Palace on 3 July 1918 at the age of 73, only four months before the end of World War I. Thus, he did not live to see the downfall of the Ottoman Empire. He spent most of his life at the Dolmabahçe Palace and Yıldız Palace in Constantinople. His grave is in the historic Eyüp district of the city.

Marriages and issue

First marriage and issue

He married firstly at Constantinople, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, on 30 September 1872 to Azerbaijani HH Kümures Baş Kadın Efendi (Ganja, 5 March 1855 - Curuchashme, 30 April 1921), and had:

who married to Nashamand and had a daughter Princess Mihrimah Sultan Osmanoğlu (Constantinople, 11 November 1922 - Amman, March 2000), who married in ????

• HIH Prince Şehzade Mehmed Ziyaeddin Efendi (Constantinople, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, 26 August 1873 - Alexandria, 30 January 1938), married firstly at Constantinople, Dolmabahçe Palace, on 5 January 1898 and divorced in 1902 HH Pernian Hanım Efendi (İzmit, 2 January 1880 - Cairo, 21 July 1947), and had one daughter, married secondly at Constantinople, Dolmabahçe Palace, on 16 August 1903 and divorced in 1912 HH Ünsiyâr Hanım Efendi (Bandırma, 12 March 1887 - Alexandria, 10 September 1934), and had two daughters and one son, married thirdly at Constantinople, Dolmabahçe Palace, on 18 January 1907 to HH Perizade Hanım Efendi (İzmit, 14 October 1889 - Alexandria, 14 September 1934 and buried there), and had two daughters, married fourthly at Constantinople, Yıldız Palace, on 10 November 1911 to Georgian HH Melek Zeyran Hanım Efendi (Batumi, 23 September 1890 - Istanbul, February 1966), and had one son, and married fifthly on 10 February 1923 to HH Neshemend Hanım Efendi (1905 - Alexandria, 1 February 1934 and buried in Cairo), and had one daughter:
  • HIH Princess Behiye Sultan (Constantinople, Dolmabahçe Palace, 8 November 1900 - Cairo, 1955), unmarried and without issue
  • HIH Princess Dürriye Sultan (Constantinople, Dolmabahçe Palace, 3 August 1905 - Halki, 15 July 1922), married in January 1922 as his first wife to her cousin HH Prince Beyzade Mehmed Cahid Osman Beyefendi (Constantinople, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, January 1899 - Istanbul, 30 March 1977 and buried there), without issue
  • HIH Princess Rukiye Sultan (Constantinople, Dolmabahçe Palace, 11 October 1906 - Budapest, 20 February 1927 and buried there), unmarried and without issue
  • HIH Prince Şehzade Mehmed Nazım Efendi (Constantinople, Dolmabahçe Palace, 22 December 1910 - Göztepe, Asia Minor, 14 November 1984), married firstly in Alexandria in 1938 to HH Perizad Hanım Efendi (11 June 1918 -), and had one son, and married secondly in Cairo on 4 December 1945 to HH Halime Abdul Huda Hanım Efendi (16 June 1919 -), and had two sons:
    • HIH Prince Şehzade Cengiz Nazım Efendi (b. 20 November 1939), married on 16 June 1964 to HH Eileen Imrie Hanım Efendi (b. 1946), and had issue:
      • HIH Princess Ayşe Louise Nazım Sultan (b. 20 March 1964), married to HE Damat Bill Rehm Beyefendi (b. 1963), and had one daughter and one son:
        • HH Princess Peri Kathleen Rehm Hanımsultan (b. 1994)
        • HH Prince Sultanzade Zekeriya James Rehm Beyefendi (b. 1996)
      • HIH Prince Şehzade Eric Mehmed Ziyaeddin Nazım Efendi (b. 18 June 1966), married on 8 October 1988 and divorced on 14 September 2006 HH Kalli Kapraun Hanım Efendi (b. 1965), without issue
    • HIH Prince Şehzade Hasan Orhan Efendi (b. Cairo, 9 September 1946 - Cairo, 25 May 2010), married on 9 September 1996 to HH Melike Seyfallah Rushdi Hanım Efendi (b. 8 July 1960), without issue
    • HIH Prince Şehzade Mehmed Ziyaeddin Efendi (b. 17 September 1947), married firstly on 4 September 1969 to HH Ghada Habjouqa Hanım Efendi (b. 1 February 1952), without issue, and married secondly on 2 May 1984 to HH Alison Maddox Hanım Efendi (b. 4 December 1951), and had issue:
      • HIH Prince Şehzade Nazım Osmanoğlu Efendi (b. 24 September 1985)
      • HIH Princess Nermin Zoe Osmanoğlu Sultan (b. 29 March 1988)
  • HIH Princess Hayriye Sultan (Constantinople, Dolmabahçe Palace, 16 February 1908 - Beirut, 5 March 1943 and buried in Alexandria), unmarried and without issue
  • HIH Princess Lutfiye Sultan (Constantinople, Dolmabahçe Palace, 20 March 1910 - Riyadh, 11 June 1977), unmarried and without issue
  • HIH Prince Şehzade Omar Fevzi Efendi (Constantinople, Yıldız Palace, 13 October 1912 - Amman, 24 April 1986), married in 1963 to HH Veliye Lulie Abdul Huda Hanım Efendi (26 January 1921 -), without issue
  • HIH Princess Mihrimâh Selcuk Sultan (11 November 1922 - Amman, March 2000 and buried Istanbul, 2 April 2000), married in Cairo or Amman on 7 October 1940 to HE Damat HRH Prince Nayef bin Abdullah Beyefendi (Ta’if, 14 November 1914 - Amman, 12 October 1983), a Colonel of the Royal Jordanian Land Force, Regent for his older half-brother Talal from 20 July to 3 September 1951, a younger son of Abdullah I of Jordan, and had issue

Second marriage and issue

He married secondly at Constantinople, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, on 10 October 1876 and divorced in 1887 Georgian HH Dürrüdem Kadım Efendi (Kars, 16 May 1860 - 17 October 1909), and had:

• HIH Prince Şehzade Mehmed Necmeddin Efendi (Constantinople, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, 23 June 1878 - Kurut Ceşme, 27 June 1913), a lover of classical music.With issue,an only daughter.

Third marriage and issue

He married thirdly at Constantinople, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, on 4 April 1887 to HH Mihrengis Haseki Kadın Efendi (Adapazarı, 15 October 1869 - Alexandria, 12 December 1938 and buried in Cairo), a concubine who took the place of the second wife, and had:

• HIH Prince Şehzade Ömer Hilmi Efendi (Constantinople, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, 2 March 1886 - Alexandria, 6 April 1935 and buried there), married firstly at Constantinople, Yıldız Palace, on 3 October 1910 to Azerbaijani HH Hadice Firdevs Gülnev Hanım Efendi (Ganja, 21 February 1890 - Nişantaşı, Nişantaşı Palace, 31 December 1919), and had one daughter and one son, married secondly at Shkodër on 16 June 1914 to HH Bashter Hanım Efendi (İzmit, 12 October 1897 - 1 March 1984), without issue, and married thirdly at Nişantaşı, Nişantaşı Palace, on 12 July 1921 and divorced in 1921 HH Mediha Menliki Hanım Efendi (Alexandria, 4 November 1903 - Cairo, 1971), without issue:
  • HH HIH Princess Emine Mükbile Sultan Hanım Efendi (Constantinople, Yıldız Palace, 17 September 1911 - Nişantaşı, Nişantaşı Palace, 21 May 1995), married in Nice on 30 November 1931 to her cousin HIH Prince Şehzade Ali I Vâsib Efendi (Constantinople, Ortaköy, Ortaköy Palace, 13 October 1903 - Alexandria, 9 December 1983 and buried there), 41st head of the Royal House of Turkey from 1977 to 1983, and had issue
  • HIH Prince Şehzade Mahmud Namik Efendi (Constantinople, Dolmabahçe Palace, 23 December 1913 - 13 November 1963), married in August 1939 and divorced in 1946 HH Shehrazad Ratib Hanım Efendi (Alexandria, 1922–1993), and had issue:
    • HIH Prince Şehzade Ömer Abdülmecid Osmanoğlu Efendi (b. Alexandria, 4 June 1941), married to English HH Beulah Banbury Campeau Hanım Efendi (b. 8 April 1943), and had issue:
      • HIH Prince Şehzade Mahmud Francis Osmanoğlu Efendi (b. London, Middlesex, 27 April 1975)
• HIH Princess Refia Sultan (1888 - 1888)

Other marriages

He married HH Nazperver Kadın Efendi, third wife, without issue

He married HH Dilfirib Kadın Efendi, fourth wife, without issue

References

1. The Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol.7, Edited by Hugh Chisholm, (1911), 3; "Constantinople, the capital of the Turkish Empire..".
2. The Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol.7, 3; "Constantinople, the capital of the Turkish Empire..".

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• Articles lacking sources from April 2008
• 1844 births
• 1918 deaths
• Recipients of the Military Order of Max Joseph
• 20th-century Ottoman sultans