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Jack Kevorkian
Jack Kevorkian at UCLA's Royce Hall, January 15, 2011.
Born	(1928-05-26)May 26, 1928 Pontiac, Michigan, U.S.
Died	June 3, 2011(2011-06-03) (aged 83) Royal Oak, Michigan, U.S.
Education	University of Michigan Medical School
Years active	1948 to 2011
Known for	Influencing euthanasia debate worldwide
Medical career
Profession	Physician, painter and author
Institutions	Henry Ford Hospital University of Michigan Medical Center Saratoga General Hospital
Sub-specialties	Euthanasia Medicine
Research	Euthanasia and Painless Death

Jacob "Jack" Kevorkian (/kˈvɔːrkiən/; May 26, 1928 – June 3, 2011), commonly known as "Dr. Death", was an American pathologist, euthanasia activist, painter, composer and instrumentalist. He is best known for publicly championing a terminal patient's right to die via physician-assisted suicide; he said he assisted at least 130 patients to that end. He famously said, "dying is not a crime".

Beginning in 1999, Kevorkian served eight years of a 10-to-25-year prison sentence for second-degree murder. He was released on parole on June 1, 2007, on condition he would not offer suicide advice to any other person.

As an oil painter and a jazz musician, Kevorkian marketed limited quantities of his visual and musical artwork to the public.

Early life

Kevorkian was born in Pontiac, Michigan to Armenian immigrants. His father Levon was born in the village of Passen, near Erzurum, and his mother Satenig was born in the village of Govdun, near Sivas. His father moved from Turkey in 1912 and made his way to Pontiac, where he found work at an automobile foundry. Satenig fled the Armenian Genocide of 1915, finding refuge with relatives in Paris, and eventually reuniting with her brother in Pontiac. Levon and Satenig met through the Armenian community in their city, where they married and began their family. The couple had a daughter, Margaret, in 1926, followed by son Jacob — who later earned the nickname "Jack" from an American teacher who misread the birth certificate — and, lastly, the third child, a daughter, Flora. Kevorkian, who taught himself German and Japanese, graduated from Pontiac Central High School with honors in 1945, at the age of 17. In 1952, he graduated from the University of Michigan Medical School in Ann Arbor. Kevorkian never married.

Career

In the 1980s, Kevorkian wrote a series of articles for the German journal Medicine and Law that laid out his thinking on the ethics of euthanasia.

Kevorkian started advertising in Detroit newspapers in 1987 as a physician consultant for "death counseling". His first public assisted suicide was in 1990, of Janet Adkins, a 54-year-old woman diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 1989. He was charged with murder, but charges were dropped on December 13, 1990 as there were, at that time, no laws in Michigan regarding assisted suicide. However, in 1991 the State of Michigan revoked Kevorkian's medical license and made it clear that given his actions, he was no longer permitted to practice medicine or to work with patients. Between 1990 and 1998, Kevorkian assisted in the deaths of 130 terminally ill people, according to his lawyer Geoffrey Fieger. In each of these cases, the individuals themselves allegedly took the final action which resulted in their own deaths. Kevorkian allegedly assisted only by attaching the individual to a euthanasia device that he had made. The individual then pushed a button which released the drugs or chemicals that would end his or her own life. Two deaths were assisted by means of a device which delivered the euthanizing drugs mechanically through an I.V. Kevorkian called it a "Thanatron" (death machine). Other people were assisted by a device which employed a gas mask fed by a canister of carbon monoxide which was called "Mercitron" (mercy machine).

Criticism and Kevorkian's Response

According to a report by the Detroit Free Press, 60% of the patients who committed suicide with Kevorkian's help were not terminally ill, and at least 13 were had not complained of pain. The report further asserted that Kevorkian's counseling was too brief (with at least 19 patients dying less than 24 hours after first meeting Kevorkian) and lacked a psychiatric exam in at least 19 cases, 5 of which involved people with histories of depression, though Kevorkian was sometimes alerted that the patient was unhappy for reasons other than their medical condition. (In 1992, Kevorkian himself wrote that it is always necessary to consult a psychiatrist when performing assisted suicides because a person's "mental state is . . . of paramount importance." ) The report also stated that Kevorkian failed to refer at least 17 patients to a pain specialist after they complained of chronic pain, and sometimes failed to obtain a complete medical record for his patients, with at least three autopsies of suicides Kevorkian had assisted with showing the person who committed suicide to have no physical sign of disease. Rebecca Badger, a patient of Kevorkian's and a mentally troubled drug abuser, had been mistakenly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The report also stated that Janet Adkins, Kevorkian's first patient, had been chosen without Kevorkian ever speaking to her, only with her husband, and that when Kevorkian first met Adkins two days before her assisted suicide he "made no real effort to discover whether Ms. Adkins wished to end her life," as the Michigan Court of Appeals put it in a 1995 ruling upholding an order against Kevorkian's activity. Furthermore, according to the The Economist: "Studies of those who sought out Dr. Kevorkian, however, suggest that though many had a worsening illness ... it was not usually terminal. Autopsies showed five people had no disease at all. ... Little over a third were in pain. Some presumably suffered from no more than hypochondria or depression."

In response, Kevorkian's attorney Geoffrey Fieger published an essay stating, "I've never met any doctor who lived by such exacting guidelines as Kevorkian ... he published them in an article for the American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry in 1992. Last year he got a committee of doctors, the Physicians of Mercy, to lay down new guidelines, which he scrupulously follows." Fieger stated that Kevorkian found it difficult to follow his "exacting guidelines" due to "persecution and prosecution", adding "e's proposed these guidelines saying this is what ought to be done. These are not to be done in times of war, and we're at war."

In a 2010 interview with Sanjay Gupta, Kevorkian stated an objection to the status of assisted suicide in Oregon, Washington, and Montana. Only in those three states is assisted suicide legal in the United States, and then only for terminally ill patients. To Gupta, Kevorkian stated "What difference does it make if someone is terminal? We are all terminal." In his view, a patient did not have to be terminally ill to be assisted in committing suicide, but did need to be suffering. However, he also said in that same interview that he declined four out of every five assisted suicide requests, on the grounds that the patient needed more treatment or medical records had to be checked.

Art career

Kevorkian was a jazz musician and composer. The Kevorkian Suite: A Very Still Life was a 1997 limited release CD of 5,000 copies from the 'Lucid Subjazz' label. It features Kevorkian on the flute and organ playing his own works with "The Morpheus Quintet". It was reviewed in Entertainment Weekly online as "weird" but "good natured". As of 1997, 1,400 units had been sold. Kevorkian wrote all the songs but one; the album was reviewed in jazzreview.com as "very much grooviness" except for one tune, with "stuff in between that's worthy of multiple spins."

He was also an oil painter. His work tended toward the grotesque; he sometimes painted with his own blood, and had created pictures such as one "of a child eating the flesh off a decomposing corpse." Of his known works, six were made available in the 1990s for print release. The Ariana Gallery in Royal Oak, Michigan is the exclusive distributor of Kevorkian's artwork. The original oil prints are not for release. Sludge metal band Acid Bath used his painting "For He is Raised" as the cover art for their 1996 album Paegan Terrorism Tactics.

Trials

Kevorkian was tried four times for assisting suicides between May 1994 to June 1997. With the assistance of Fieger, Kevorkian was acquitted three times. The fourth trial ended in a mistrial. The trials helped Kevorkian gain public support for his cause. After Oakland County prosecutor Richard Thompson lost a primary election to a Republican challenger, Thompson attributed the loss in part to the declining public support for the prosecution of Kevorkian and its associated legal expenses.

Conviction and imprisonment

On the November 22, 1998 broadcast of 60 Minutes, Kevorkian allowed the airing of a videotape he had made on September 17, 1998, which depicted the voluntary euthanasia of Thomas Youk, 52, who was in the final stages of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. After Youk provided his fully informed consent (a sometimes complex legal determination made in this case by editorial consensus) on September 17, 1998, Kevorkian himself administered Thomas Youk a lethal injection. This was highly significant, as all of his earlier clients had reportedly completed the process themselves. During the videotape, Kevorkian dared the authorities to try to convict him or stop him from carrying out mercy killings.

On March 26, 1999, Kevorkian was charged with second-degree murder and the delivery of a controlled substance (administering the lethal injection to Thomas Youk). Kevorkian's license to practice medicine had been revoked eight years previously; he was not legally allowed to possess the controlled substance. As homicide law is relatively fixed and routine, this trial was markedly different from earlier ones that involved an area of law in flux (assisted suicide). Kevorkian discharged his attorneys and proceeded through the trial representing himself, a decision he later regretted. The judge ordered a criminal defense attorney to remain available at trial as standby counsel for information and advice. Inexperienced in law but persisting in his efforts to represent himself, Kevorkian encountered great difficulty in presenting his evidence and arguments. He was not able to call any witnesses to the stand as the judge did not deem the testimony of any of his witnesses relevant.

After a two day trial, the Michigan jury found Kevorkian guilty of second-degree homicide. Judge Jessica Cooper sentenced Kevorkian to serve 10–25 years in prison and told him:

This is a court of law and you said you invited yourself here to take a final stand. But this trial was not an opportunity for a referendum. The law prohibiting euthanasia was specifically reviewed and clarified by the Michigan Supreme Court several years ago in a decision involving your very own cases, sir. So the charge here should come as no surprise to you. You invited yourself to the wrong forum. Well, we are a nation of laws, and we are a nation that tolerates differences of opinion because we have a civilized and a nonviolent way of resolving our conflicts that weighs the law and adheres to the law. We have the means and the methods to protest the laws with which we disagree. You can criticize the law, you can write or lecture about the law, you can speak to the media or petition the voters.

Kevorkian was sent to a prison in Coldwater, Michigan to serve his sentence.After his conviction (and subsequent losses on appeal) Kevorkian was denied parole repeatedly until 2007.

In an MSNBC interview aired on September 29, 2005, Kevorkian said that if he were granted parole, he would not resume directly helping people die and would restrict himself to campaigning to have the law changed. On December 22, 2005, Kevorkian was denied parole by a board on the count of 7–2 recommending not to give parole.

Reportedly terminally ill with Hepatitis C, which he contracted while doing research on blood transfusions, Kevorkian was expected to die within a year in May 2006. After applying for a pardon, parole, or commutation by the parole board and Governor Jennifer Granholm, he was paroled for good behavior on June 1, 2007. He had spent eight years and two and a half months in prison.

Kevorkian was on parole for two years, under the conditions that he not help anyone else die, or provide care for anyone older than 62 or disabled. Kevorkian said he would abstain from assisting any more terminal patients with death, and his role in the matter would strictly be to persuade states to change their laws on assisted suicide. He was also forbidden by the rules of his parole from commenting about assisted suicide.

Activities after his release from prison

Kevorkian gave a number of lectures upon his release. He lectured at universities such as the University of Florida, Nova Southeastern University, and the University of California, Los Angeles. His lectures have not been limited to the topic of euthanasia; he has also discussed such topics as tyranny, the criminal justice system, politics, the Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Armenian culture. He appeared on Fox News Channel's Your World with Neil Cavuto on September 2, 2009 to discuss health care reform.

On April 15 and 16, 2010, Kevorkian appeared on CNN's Anderson Cooper 360°, Anderson asked, "You are saying doctors play God all the time?" Kevorkian said: "Of course. Anytime you interfere with a natural process, you are playing God." Director Barry Levinson and actors Susan Sarandon and John Goodman, who appeared in You Don't Know Jack, a film based on Kevorkian's life, were interviewed alongside Kevorkian. Kevorkian was again interviewed by Cavuto on Your World on April 19, 2010 regarding the movie and Kevorkian's world view. You Don't Know Jack premiered April 24, 2010 on HBO. The film premiered April 14 at the Ziegfeld Theater in New York City. Kevorkian walked the red carpet alongside Al Pacino, who portrayed him in the film. Pacino received Emmy and Golden Globe awards for his portrayal, and personally thanked Kevorkian, who was in the audience, upon receiving both of these awards. Kevorkian stated that both the film and Pacino's performance "brings tears to my eyes – and I lived through it".

2008 Congressional race

On March 12, 2008, Kevorkian announced plans to run for United States Congress to represent Michigan's 9th congressional district against eight-term congressman Joe Knollenberg (R-Bloomfield Hills), Central Michigan University Professor Gary Peters (D-Bloomfield Township), Adam Goodman (L-Royal Oak) and Douglas Campbell. (G-Ferndale). Kevorkian ran as an independent and received 8,987 votes (2.6% of the vote).

Death

Kevorkian had struggled with kidney problems for years. He had recently been diagnosed with liver cancer, which "may have been caused by hepatitis C," according to his longtime friend Neal Nicol. Kevorkian was hospitalized on May 18, 2011, with kidney problems and pneumonia. Kevorkian's conditions grew rapidly worse and he died from a thrombosis on June 3, 2011, eight days after his 83rd birthday, at William Beaumont Hospital in Royal Oak, Michigan. According to his attorney, Mayer Morganroth, there were no artificial attempts to keep him alive and his death was painless. Judge Thomas Jackson, who presided over Kevorkian's first murder trial in 1994, commented that he wanted to express sorrow at Kevorkian's passing and that the 1994 case was brought under "a badly written law" aimed at Kevorkian, but he tried to give him "the best trial possible". Former Oakland County Prosecutor David Gorcyca said "I think it was a certain level of hypocrisy in not choosing suicide" referring to Kevorkian's death. Kevorkian was buried in White Chapel Memorial Park Cemetery Troy, Michigan.

Legacy

Maria Silveira, a professor of internal medicine, said she became involved with palliative care partly because of the attention Kevorkian brought to the complex issue of unintended suffering, adding that he had a tremendous impact and fueled the public awareness of unintended suffering and the need to address it. "Dr. Jack Kevorkian didn’t seek out history, but he made history," she said. John Finn, medical director of palliative care at St. John’s Hospital and former executive medical director of Hospice of Michigan, credited Kevorkian with attempting to solve the problems of the American healthcare system, though he said he believes his methods were unjust. “He identified the problem, which is physicians failing in their responsibilities to relieve suffering, but his methods were unorthodox and inappropriate, he said. He added that many of Kevorkian’s patients were isolated, lonely and potentially depressed and therefore in no state to mindfully choose whether to live or die. Geoffrey Fieger, Kevorkian's lawyer in the 1990s, said that Kevorkian revolutionized the concept of suicide by working to help people end their own suffering, because he believed physicians are responsible for alleviating the suffering of patients, even if that meant allowing patients to die. Derek Humphry of the Hemlock Society, which advocates for the right to suicide, said Kevorkian was "too obsessed, too fanatical, in his interest in death and suicide to offer direction for the nation." Howard Markel, a medical historian at the University of Michigan, said Kevorkian “was a major historical figure in modern medicine." The Catholic Church in Detroit said Kevorkian left behind a "deadly legacy" that denied scores of people their right to humane deaths.

Selected publications

Books

• Kevorkian, Jack (2010). When the People Bubble POPs. World Audience, Inc. ISBN 978-1-935444-91-6.
• Kevorkian, Jack (2009). glimmerIQs. World Audience, Inc. ISBN 978-1-935444-88-6.
• Kevorkian, Jack (1991). Prescription: Medicide, the Goodness of Planned Death. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-0879758721.
• Kevorkian, Jack (2005). Amendment IX: Our Cornucopia of Rights. Penumbra, Inc. ISBN 0-9602030-I-X. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)

Journal articles

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See also

• God Bless You, Dr. Kevorkian, a collection of short fictional interviews written by Kurt Vonnegut
• You Don't Know Jack, a 2010 television film

References

1. "how to pronounce Kevorkian". inogolo. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
2. ^ Schneider, Keith (June 3, 2011). "Dr. Jack Kevorkian Dies at 83; A Doctor Who Helped End Lives". The New York Times. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
3. Wells, Samuel; Quash, Ben (2010). Introducing Christian Ethics. John Wiley and Sons. p. 329. ISBN 9781405152761.
4. Monica Davey. "Kevorkian Speaks After His Release From Prison". The New York Times. June 4, 2007.
5. Kevorkian, Jack (2009). glimmerIQs. World Audience, Inc. ISBN 978-1-935444-88-6. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
6. Nicol, Neal (2006). Between the Dead and the Dying. London: Satin Publications, Ltd. ISBN 1-904132-72-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
7. Kevorkian, Jack (December 15, 2010). "Biography". . Retrieved January 19, 2011. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
8. Mark Schiofet (2011). "Jack Kevorkian, Who Assisted Suicides, Dies at 83". Bloomberg. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
9. ^ "Chronology of Dr. Jack Kevorkian's Life and Assisted Suicide Campaign". Frontline. WGBH. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
10. Chermak, Steven M. (2007). Crimes and Trials of the Century. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 101–102. ISBN 0-313-34110-9. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
11. Azadian, Edmond Y. (1999). History on the move: views, interviews and essays on Armenian issues. Wayne State University Press. p. 233. ISBN 0-8143-2916-0. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
12. Telegraph obituary
13. "Kevorian chronology". PBS Frontline.
14. ^ Lessenberry, Jack (1994). "Death becomes him". PBS.org. Vanity Fair. Archived from the original on August 6, 2003. Retrieved July 11, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
15. "People v. Kevorkian; Hobbins v. Attorney General". Ascension Health. 1994. Archived from the original on September 8, 2003. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
16. "Kevorkian medical license revoked". Lodi News-Sentinel. Michigan. Associated Press. November 21, 1991. p. 8.
17. "The Thanatron". Frontline. PBS. 1995.
18. Jackson, Nicholas (June 3, 2011). "Jack Kevorkian's Death Van and the Tech of Assisted Suicide". The Atlantic Monthly. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
19. ^ Cheyfitz, Kirk (March 3, 1997). "Suicide Machine, Part 1: Kevorkian rushes to fulfill his clients' desire to die". Detroit Free Press. Archived May 26, 2007. Cite error: The named reference "DFP1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
20. "Jack Kevorkian". The Economist. June 9, 2011. Archived from the original on June 26, 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
21. "Kevorian: "I have no regrets"". CNN. June 14, 2010. Retrieved June 4, 2011.
22. "'Dr. Death's' view on life". CNN. June 14, 2010. Retrieved June 4, 2011.
23. ^ Essex, Andrew (December 26, 1997). "Death Mettle". Entertainment Weekly.
24. "Featured Artist: Jack Kevorkian and Morpheus Quintet – CD Title: A Very Still Life". JazzReview.com.
25. Ariana Gallery (1995). "Ariana Gallery". (Press release). Frontline; PBS.org; PBS Online. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
26. "Acid Bath – Paegan Terrorism Tactics Remastered, Reissued". Brave Words. August 10, 2010. Retrieved June 4, 2011. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
27. "Prosecutor has last shot at Dr. Death". Sun Journal. Lewiston Maine. November 1, 1996. p. 3A.
28. Davis, Robert (August 8, 1996). "TWA probe could turn toward wreckage today/Postal Changes/ Assisted Suicide". USA Today. p. 3A. Retrieved August 3, 2010. Thompson, the first Oakland County prosecutor in 24 years to lose an election, agreed that the controversy clearly was an issue in his defeat.
29. Williams, Marie Higgins (2000), Pro Se Criminal Defendant, Standby Counsel, and the Judge: A Proposal for Better-Defined Roles, The, 71 U. Colo. L. Rev., p. 789
30. Jessica Cooper (April 14, 1999). "Statement from Judge to Kevorkian". The New York Times.
31. Egan, Paul (December 14, 2006). "After 8 years, Kevorkian to go free". The Detroit News. Retrieved July 11, 2010.
32. Cosby, Rita (September 29, 2005). "'Dr. Death' speaks out from jail". MSNBC.
33. "Jack Kevorkian Attorney Says His Health is in Serious Jeopardy". Lifenews.com. December 6, 2005. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
34. "Jack Kevorkian Plans Run For Congress". cbsnews.com. CBS News. AP. March 12, 2008.
35. "ABC News: Dying 'Dr. Death' Has Second Thoughts About Assisting Suicides". Abcnews.go.com. June 1, 2007. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
36. "Kevorkian released from prison after 8 years". msnbc.com. MSNBC. June 1, 2007. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
37. "Kevorkian criticizes attack on right-to-die group". mlive.com. Michigan Live. AP. February 27, 2009.
38. "Florida Man Among Four Arrested For Assisted Suicide". North Country Gazette. February 26, 2009.
39. Stripling, Jack (January 16, 2008). "Kevorkian pushes for euthanasia". Gainesville Sun. Retrieved June 16, 2009.
40. Ba Tran, Andrew (February 5, 2009). "Jack Kevorkian unveils U.S. flag altered with swastika". Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved October 30, 2009.
41. Strutner, Suzy (January 11, 2011). "Right-to-die activist Dr. Jack Kevorkian will share his ideology of death and story of life during Royce Hall lecture". Daily Bruin. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
42. "Video: Mr. Kevorkian on physician-assisted suicide" (Flash video). Anderson Cooper 360. CNN. April 15, 2010. Retrieved July 11, 2010.
43. "Mr. Kevorkian Responds to Question about Playing God" (Flash video). Anderson Cooper 360. CNN. April 16, 2010. Retrieved July 11, 2010.
44. "You Don't Know Jack" (Flash site). HBO. 2010.
45. "Premiere of You Don't Know Jack at Ziegfeld Theatre" (Image gallery). Day Life.com (Getty Images). April 14, 2010. Retrieved July 11, 2010.
46. "dr-death" "A New Life for Dr. Death". November 2, 2010. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
47. 2008 "Official Michigan General Candidate Listing". Michigan Department of State. November 25, 2008. Retrieved July 11, 2010. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
48. "Dr. Jack Kevorkian dead at 83". CNN. June 3, 2011.
49. ^ Swickard, Joe; Anstett, Pat (June 3, 2011). "Assisted suicide advocate Jack Kevorkian dies". Detroit Free Press.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
50. "With video: Politicians, officials and residents remember Kevorkian". Detroit Free Press. June 3, 2011.
51. ^ Brienne Prusak (2011). "'U' Medical School alum Dr. Kevorkian dies at 83". The Michigan Daily. Retrieved July 6, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help).
52. JOE SWICKARD, PATRICIA ANSTETT AND L.L. BRASIER (Jun. 4, 2011). "Jack Kevorkian sparked a debate on death". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved July 15, 2011. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
53. NIRAJ WARIKOO. "Archdiocese of Detroit: Kevorkian leaves 'deadly legacy'". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved July 15, 2011.

External links

• Jack Kevorkian collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• "Papa" Prell Radio interview with Kevorkian. (MP3, 15 minutes). Prell archive at Radio Horror Hosts website.
• "Court TV Case Files — Trial coverage". CourtTV.com. Archived from the original on February 8, 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2010.
• "The Kevorkian Verdict: The Life and Legacy of the Suicide Doctor" Frontline; PBS.org — with timeline and other info.
• Kevorkian's Art Work Frontline; PBS.org.
• "Unsung American-Armenian Hero Kevorkian Coming Home To Die". James Donahue website. tripod.com. 2007. Archived from the original on June 8, 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• Kevorkian on law and the constitution during an appearance at Harvard Law School (Harvard Law Record)
• Michigan Department of Corrections record for Jack Kevorkian
• 2008 Official Michigan General Candidate Listing. Michigan.org. November 25, 2008.
• Jack Kevorkian
• Jack Kevorkian to speak at UCLA, hosted by the UCLA Armenian Students' Association and the Armenian American Medical Society of California

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• Ill-formatted IPAc-en transclusions
• 1928 births
• 2011 deaths
• American agnostics
• American jazz flautists
• American pathologists
• American people convicted of murder
• American people of Armenian descent
• American political candidates
• Cardiovascular disease deaths in Michigan
• Critics of religions or philosophies
• Deaths from thrombosis
• Euthanasia activists
• Euthanasia in the United States
• Medical practitioners convicted of murdering their patients
• People convicted of murder by Michigan
• People from Pontiac, Michigan
• Physicians from Michigan
• University of Michigan alumni