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Revision as of 20:14, 16 August 2011

For other uses, see Bob Hope (disambiguation).
Bob Hope
Hope in The Ghost Breakers (1940)
BornLeslie Townes Hope
(1903-05-29)May 29, 1903
Eltham, London, England
DiedJuly 27, 2003(2003-07-27) (aged 100)
Toluca Lake, Los Angeles, U.S.
Cause of deathPneumonia
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Actor, comedian, author, golfer
Years active1925–2001
Spouse(s)Grace Louise Troxell (m. 1933-1934)
Dolores Hope (m. 1934–2003)

Bob Hope, KBE, KCSG, KSS (born Leslie Townes Hope; May 29, 1903 – July 27, 2003) was a British-born American comedian and actor who appeared in vaudeville, on Broadway, and in radio, television and movies. He was also noted for his work with the US Armed Forces and his numerous USO shows entertaining American military personnel. Throughout his career, he was honored for his humanitarian work. In 1996, the U.S. Congress honored Bob Hope by declaring him the "first and only honorary veteran of the U.S. armed forces." Bob Hope appeared in or hosted 199 known USO shows.

Early years

Hope was born in Eltham, London, England, the fifth of seven sons. His father, William Henry Hope, was a stonemason from Weston-super-Mare, Somerset, and his Welsh mother, Avis Townes, was a light opera singer who later worked as a cleaning woman. The family lived in Weston-super-Mare, then Whitehall and St George in Bristol, before moving to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1908. The family emigrated to the United States aboard the SS Philadelphia, and passed inspection at Ellis Island on March 30, 1908. Hope became a U.S. citizen in 1920 at the age of 17. In a 1942 legal document, Hope's legal name is given as Lester Townes Hope. His name on the Social Security Index is also listed as Lester T. Hope. His name at birth as registered during the July–August–September quarter in the Lewisham district of Greater London was Leslie Towns Hope.

From the age of 12, Hope worked at a variety of odd jobs at a local boardwalk. He would busk, doing dance and comedy patter to make extra money (frequently on the trolley to Luna Park). He entered many dancing and amateur talent contests (as Lester Hope), and won prizes for his impersonation of Charlie Chaplin. Hope also boxed briefly and unsuccessfully under the name Packy East (after the popular Packey McFarland), once making it to the semifinals of the Ohio novice championship.

In 1918, at the age of 15, Hope was admitted (as Lester Hope) to the Boys Industrial School in Lancaster, Ohio. Formerly known as the Ohio Reform School, this was one of the more innovative, progressive institutions for juvenile offenders. As an adult, Hope donated sizable sums of money to the institution.

Silent film comedian Fatty Arbuckle saw one of Hope's performances with his first partner, Lloyd "Lefty" Durbin, and in 1925 got the pair steady work with Hurley's Jolly Follies. Within a year, Hope had formed an act called the Dancemedians with George Byrne and the Hilton Sisters, conjoined twins who had a tap dancing routine. Hope and his partner, George Byrne, had an act as a pair of Siamese twins as well, and both danced and sang while wearing blackface, before friends advised Hope that he was funnier as himself. In 1929, he changed his first name to "Bob". In one version of the story, he named himself after racecar driver Bob Burman. In another, he said he chose Bob because he wanted a name with a friendly "Hiya, Fellas!" sound to it. After five years on the vaudeville circuit, by his own account, Hope was surprised and humbled when he and his partner (and future wife) Grace Louise Troxell failed a 1930 screen test for Pathé at Culver City, California.

Career

Film

Main article: Bob Hope filmography

Hope, like other stage performers, made his first films in New York. Educational Pictures employed him in 1934 for a short-subject comedy, Going Spanish. Hope sealed his fate with Educational when Walter Winchell asked him about the film. Hope cracked, "When they catch John Dillinger, they're going to make him sit through it twice." Educational fired him, but he was soon before the cameras at New York's Vitaphone studio starring in 20-minute comedies and musicals from 1934 through 1936, beginning with Paree, Paree (1934).

Paramount Pictures signed Hope for the 1938 film The Big Broadcast of 1938, also starring W. C. Fields. During a duet with Shirley Ross as accompanied by Shep Fields and his orchestra, Hope introduced the song later to become his trademark, "Thanks for the Memory", which became a major hit and was praised by critics. The sentimental, fluid nature of the music allowed Hope's writers (whom he is said to have depended upon heavily throughout his career) to later invent endless variations of the song to fit specific circumstances, such as bidding farewell to troops while on tour.

File:BobHope.JPG
Handprints at The Great Movie Ride in Disney World's Hollywood Studios theme park

Hope became one of Paramount's biggest stars, and would remain with the studio through the 1950s. Hope's regular appearances in Hollywood films and radio made him one of the best known entertainers in North America, and at the height of his career he was also making a large income from live concert performances. He was both a world-class singer and dancer, introducing many major songs during the course of his career, including the Oscar-winning "Buttons and Bows" in The Paleface (1948), his biggest hit song by far, and he matched James Cagney's bravura dancing during the tabletop showdown sequence in The Seven Little Foys (1955).

Bob Hope, Bing Crosby, and Dorothy Lamour

As a movie star, he was best known for comedies like My Favorite Brunette and the highly successful "Road" movies in which he starred with Bing Crosby and Dorothy Lamour. Hope had seen Lamour as a nightclub singer in New York, and invited her to work on his USO tours. Lamour is said to have arrived for filming prepared with her lines, only to be baffled by completely re-written scripts from Hope's writers without studio permission. Hope and Lamour were lifelong friends, and she remains the actress most associated with his film career. The series consists of Road to Singapore (1940), Road to Zanzibar (1941), Road to Morocco (1942), Road to Utopia (1946), Road to Rio (1947), Road to Bali (1952), and The Road to Hong Kong (1962). Hope's other leading ladies included Paulette Goddard, Katharine Hepburn, Hedy Lamarr, Lucille Ball, Jane Russell, Betty Grable, Betty Hutton, Arlene Dahl, Rosemary Clooney, Eva Marie Saint, Rhonda Fleming, Lana Turner, Anita Ekberg, and Elke Sommer.

Bob Hope & Bing Crosby sing and dance during "Chicago Style" in Road to Bali (1952)

Hope's informal teaming with Bing Crosby for the seven "Road" pictures from 1940 to 1962 and countless stage, radio, and television appearances together over the decades were critically important to Hope's career. At the beginning of the "Road" series, Broadway star Hope was relatively little known nationally compared to Crosby, and was actually billed under Dorothy Lamour in the first film, while Crosby had already been a hugely popular singer and movie star for years. After the release of Road to Singapore (1940), Hope's screen career immediately became white hot and stayed that way for over two decades, actually continuing until Cancel My Reservation (1972), his last theatrical starring role. Bing Crosby and Bob Hope became linked in public perception to the extent that it became difficult to think of one without the other even though they actually conducted predominately separate careers. They had planned one more movie together, The Road to the Fountain of Youth, until Crosby's demise abruptly intervened.

File:Road to Utopia.jpg
Dorothy Lamour, Bing Crosby, and Bob Hope made up to look older at the end of Road to Utopia

Hope starred in fifty-two theatrical features altogether between 1938 and 1972, not to mention cameos and short films, and frequently stated that his movies were the most important part of his career. Some notable examples include College Swing (1938; with George Burns, Gracie Allen, and Betty Grable), Some Like It Hot (1939; with Shirley Ross and Gene Krupa), The Ghost Breakers (1940, with Paulette Goddard), The Paleface (1948; with Jane Russell), Sorrowful Jones (1949; with Lucille Ball), The Seven Little Foys (1955; with James Cagney as George M. Cohan), The Iron Petticoat (1956; with Katharine Hepburn), and Beau James (1957; with Hope as James J. Walker).

Hope was host of the Academy Awards ceremony 18 times between 1939 and 1977. His feigned lust for an Academy Award became part of his act. In one scene from Road to Morocco he erupted in a frenzy, shouting about his imminent death from exposure. Bing Crosby reminds him that rescue is just minutes away, and a disappointed Hope complains that Crosby has spoiled his best scene, and thus his chance for an Academy Award. Also, in The Road to Bali, when Crosby finds Humphrey Bogart's Oscar for The African Queen, Hope grabs it, saying "Give me that. You've got one." Although Hope was never nominated for an Oscar for his performances (Bing Crosby won the Best Actor for Going My Way in 1944), the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences honored him with four honorary awards, and in 1960, the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award. While introducing the 1968 telecast, he quipped, "Welcome to the Academy Awards, or, as it's known at my house, Passover."

Broadcasting

Main article: Bob Hope television appearances
Barbara Eden and Bob Hope honor the Apollo 7 astronauts

Hope first appeared on television in 1932 during a test transmission from an experimental CBS studio in New York. In January 1947, Hope was master of ceremonies for the first telecast by California's first television station, KTLA. His career in broadcasting spanned 64 years and included a long association with NBC. Hope made his network radio debut in 1937 on NBC. His first regular series for NBC Radio was the Woodbury Soap Hour. A year later, The Pepsodent Show Starring Bob Hope began, continuing as The New Swan Show in 1948 (for the same sponsor, Lever Brothers). After 1950, the series was known simply as The Bob Hope Show, with Liggett & Myers (1950–52), General Foods (1953) and American Dairy Association (1953–55) as his sponsors, until it finally went off the air in April 1955. Regulars on his radio series included zany Jerry Colonna and Barbara Jo Allen as spinster Vera Vague.

Jerry Colonna and Bob Hope as caricatured by Sam Berman for NBC's 1947 promotional book.

Hope did many specials for the NBC television network in the following decades, beginning in April 1950. These were often sponsored by General Motors (1955–1961), Chrysler (1963–73) and Texaco (1975–1985), and Hope served as a spokesman for these companies for many years and would sometimes introduce himself as "Bob, from Texaco, Hope." Hope's Christmas specials were popular favorites and often featured a performance of "Silver Bells" (from his 1951 film The Lemon Drop Kid) done as a duet with an often much younger female guest star (such as Olivia Newton-John, Barbara Eden, and Brooke Shields).

In October 1956, Hope appeared on an episode of the most-viewed program in America at the time, I Love Lucy. He said, upon receiving the script: "What? A script? I don't need one of these", and ad-libbed the entire episode. Desi Arnaz said of Hope after his appearance: "Bob is a very nice man, he can crack you up, no matter how much you try for him to not." Lucy and Desi returned the favor by appearing on one of his Chevy Show specials (with Vivian Vance and William Frawley) later that season.

Hope's 1970 and 1971 Christmas specials for NBC—filmed in Vietnam in front of military audiences at the height of the war—are on the list of the Top 30 U.S. Network Primetime Telecasts of All Time. Both were seen by more than 60% of the U.S. households watching television.

In 1992, Bob Hope made a guest appearance as himself on The Simpsons, in the episode "Lisa the Beauty Queen" (season 4, episode 4). The episode attracted 11.1 million viewers when it premiered on October 15. Hope's NBC television career consisted of monthly shows successfully spanning so many decades that it literally outlasted his ability to read his monologue from cue cards; toward the end, SCTV Hope impressionist Dave Thomas would deliver the monologue for him while imitating Hope's delivery. His final television special, Laughing with the Presidents, was broadcast in 1996, with Tony Danza helping Hope present a personal retrospective of presidents of the United States known to the comedian.

USO

For more on this topic see USO – Honoring Bob Hope

Bob Hope's 1966 Christmas Show at Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
Bob Hope in Korea climbing out of a Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star, which flew him from Taegu to Kimpo airfield in Korea, on his entertainment tour.
Bob Hope sits with men of X Corps, as members of his troupe entertain at Womsan, Korea. October 26, 1950. (Army)
Bob Hope and golf club, Lackland Air Force Base, 1990

Hope's first wartime performance occurred at sea. Aboard the RMS Queen Mary when World War II began in September 1939, he went to the captain to volunteer to perform a special show for the panicked passengers, during which he sang "Thanks for the Memory" with rewritten lyrics. Hope performed his first United Service Organizations (USO) show on May 6, 1941, at March Field, California. He continued to travel and entertain troops for the rest of World War II and later during the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the third phase of the Lebanon Civil War, the latter years of the Iran–Iraq War, and the 1990–1991 Persian Gulf War. When overseas he almost always performed in Army fatigues as a show of support for his audience. Hope's USO career lasted half a century, during which he headlined approximately 60 tours. For his service to his country through the USO, he was awarded the Sylvanus Thayer Award by the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1968.

Of Hope's USO shows in World War II, writer John Steinbeck, who was then working as a war correspondent, wrote in 1943:

When the time for recognition of service to the nation in wartime comes to be considered, Bob Hope should be high on the list. This man drives himself and is driven. It is impossible to see how he can do so much, can cover so much ground, can work so hard, and can be so effective. He works month after month at a pace that would kill most people.

In addition to the star-studded casts Hope recruited his own family members for the far-reaching travel. Wife Dolores sang from atop an armored vehicle as recently as the Desert Storm tour, with granddaughter Miranda alongside Hope on an aircraft carrier in the Indian Ocean.

A 1997 act of Congress signed by President Clinton named Hope an "Honorary Veteran." He remarked, "I've been given many awards in my lifetime — but to be numbered among the men and women I admire most — is the greatest honor I have ever received."

Hope appeared in so many theaters of war over the decades that it was often cracked (in Bob Hope style) that "Where there's death, there's Hope".

In 2009, Stephen Colbert carried a golf club on stage each night during his own week-long USO performance and taping of The Colbert Report and explained in his last episode that it was an homage to Hope.

Theater

Hope's first Broadway appearances, in 1927's The Sidewalks of New York and 1928's Ups-a-Daisy, were minor walk-on parts. He returned to Broadway in 1933 to star as Huckleberry Haines in the Jerome Kern/Dorothy Fields musical Roberta. Stints in the musicals Say When, the 1936 Ziegfeld Follies (with Fanny Brice), and Red, Hot and Blue with Ethel Merman and Jimmy Durante followed. His performances were generally well-received and critics noted his keen sense of comedic timing. Hope reprised his role as Huck Haines in a 1958 production of Roberta at The Muny Theater in Forest Park, St. Louis, Missouri.

On May 2, 2011, the New York Pops celebrated its 28th birthday at Carnegie Hall with a gala night that honored Hope and that featured highlights from his Broadway and show business career.

Hope rescued Eltham Little Theatre from closure by providing the funds to buy the property, he continued his interest and support and regularly visited when in London. The Theatre was renamed in his honor in 1982.

Sports

Bob Hope, a golf fan, putting into an ashtray held by President Richard Nixon in the Oval Office in 1973.

Hope was an avid golfer. He was introduced to the game in the 1930s, and eventually played to a four handicap. His love for the game, and the humor he could find in it, made him a much sought-after foursome member. He once remarked that President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave up golf for painting – "fewer strokes, you know." Throughout his career, a golf club became an integral prop for Hope during the stand-up segments of his television specials and USO Shows. In 1978, he putted against a then two-year-old Tiger Woods in a television appearance with James Stewart on The Mike Douglas Show. The Bob Hope Classic was founded in 1960, and is currently the only FedEx Cup tournament that takes place over five rounds. The tournament made history in 1995, when Hope teed up for the opening round in a foursome that included Presidents Gerald R. Ford, George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton – the only time ever that three presidents participated in a golf foursome.

Hope would frequently use his television specials to promote the annual College Football All-America Team. The team members would enter the stage one by one and introduce themselves, and Hope would then give a one-liner about the player or his school. Hope would often don a football uniform for these presentations.

Hope bought a small stake in the Cleveland Indians in 1946 and owned it for most of the rest of his life. In 1993, he sang "Thanks for the Memory" after the Indians' last game at Cleveland Stadium. Hope also bought a share of the Los Angeles Rams football team in 1947 with Bing Crosby and sold it in 1962.

Personal life

A book, The Secret Life of Bob Hope, by Groucho Marx's son, Arthur Marx, who was also a writer for Bob Hope for years, alleges that there was much money spent on keeping Bob Hope's image clean, and hiding his dark sides.

The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (January 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Hope crafted his very public persona over the years into a monument personifying American values and good will. His trademark style of humor was benign, never crude, rude, or offensive. This image did not wholly coincide with his private life.

Hope served as an active honorary chairman on the board of Fight for Sight. He recruited numerous top celebrities for the annual "Lights On" fundraiser, led a coast-to-coast telecast for Fight for Sight in 1960, and donated $100,000 to establish the Bob Hope Fight for Sight Fund.

Marriages

According to biographer Arthur Marx, Hope's first wife was his vaudeville partner Grace Louise Troxell, whom he married on January 25, 1933. When the marriage record was unearthed some years later, Hope denied that the marriage had any substance and said they had quickly divorced. There were rumors that he fathered a daughter with Troxell and that he continued to send generous checks to her despite a widely documented reputation for frugality. In 1934, Bob Hope married Dolores (DeFina) Reade, and adopted four children at The Cradle in Evanston, Illinois: Linda, Tony, Kelly and Nora. From them he had several grandchildren, including Andrew, Miranda, and Zachary Hope. Tony (Anthony J. Hope), who served as a presidential appointee in the George H.W. Bush and Clinton administrations and in a variety of posts under Presidents Ford and Reagan, died at age 63 in 2004.

Extramarital flings

Hope's "endless extramarital flings had been an open secret in Hollywood for years."

In 1949, while Hope was in Dallas on a publicity tour for his radio show, he met starlet Barbara Payton, a contract player at Universal Studios, who at the time was on her own PR jaunt. Shortly thereafter, Hope set Payton up in a luxury apartment in Hollywood. The arrangement soured as Hope was not able to satisfy Payton’s definition of generosity and her insatiable need for attention. Hope paid her off to end the affair quietly. Payton later revealed the affair with a tell-all printed in July 1956 in Confidential. "Hope was...at times a mean-spirited individual with the ability to respond with a ruthless vengeance when sufficiently provoked." His advisors counseled him to ignore the Confidential expose in order to avoid further publicity. "Barbara's ...revelations caused a minor ripple...and then quickly sank without causing any appreciable damage to Bob Hope's legendary career."

Later years

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Bob Hope
Hope (left) with President Ronald Reagan in 1981

As Hope entered his ninth decade, he showed no signs of slowing down and continued appearing in numerous television specials. He was given an 80th birthday party in 1983 at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. which was attended by President Ronald Reagan. In 1985, he was presented with the Life Achievement Award at the Kennedy Center Honors. He was presented with the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award in 1997 by Nancy Reagan. The following year, Hope was appointed an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II. Upon accepting the appointment, Hope quipped, "I'm speechless. 70 years of ad lib material and I'm speechless."

Nancy Reagan presents Hope with the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award, 1997

At the age of 95, Hope made an appearance at the 50th anniversary of the Primetime Emmy Awards with Milton Berle and Sid Caesar. Two years later, Hope was present at the opening of the Bob Hope Gallery of American Entertainment at the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress has immortalized Bob Hope's life with two major exhibitions - "Hope for America: Performers, Politics and Pop Culture" and "Bob Hope and American Variety."

Hope celebrated his 100th birthday on May 29, 2003. He is among a small group of notable centenarians in the field of entertainment. To mark this event, the intersection of Hollywood and Vine in Los Angeles, California was named Bob Hope Square and his centennial was declared Bob Hope Day in 35 states. Hope spent the day privately in his Toluca Lake, Los Angeles home where he had lived since 1937. Even at 100, Hope was said to have maintained his self-deprecating sense of humor, quipping, "I'm so old, they've canceled my blood type." He converted to Roman Catholicism.

Death

Hope performing at a USO show

Hope had premature obituaries on two separate occasions. In 1998, a prepared obituary by The Associated Press was inadvertently released on the Internet, prompting Hope's death to be announced in the U.S. House of Representatives. In 2003 he was among several famous figures whose pre-written obituaries were published on CNN's website because of a lapse in password protection.

Beginning in 2000, Hope's health steadily declined and he was hospitalized several times before his death. In June 2000, he spent nearly a week in a California hospital after being hospitalized for gastrointestinal bleeding. In August 2001, he spent close to two weeks in the hospital recovering from pneumonia.

On July 27, 2003, Bob Hope died at his home in Toluca Lake at 9:28 p.m. According to the Soledad O'Brien interview with Hope's grandson Zach Hope, when asked on his deathbed where he wanted to be buried, Hope told his wife, "Surprise me." He was interred in the Bob Hope Memorial Garden at San Fernando Mission Cemetery in Los Angeles, where his mother is also buried.

Short subjects

Main article: Bob Hope short subjects

Honors

(left to right) Alex Dreier, Bob Hope, Anne T. Hill, Geraldine Dreier, Roy W. Hill at a fund raiser for Eisenhower Medical Center ca 1975

Books by Bob Hope

(Listed in chronological order)

References

Notes
  1. "June 7, 1945." war-letters.com. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  2. Down-Range." USO Publication August 11, 2004.
  3. Moreno 2008, p. 88.
  4. Molotsky, Irvin. "Bob Hope's Gift to the Nation? Quips, of Course." The New York Times, November 28, 2007. Retrieved: May 20, 2008.
  5. "Application for Permit to Enter Alaska, 1942, in On the Road: USO Shows: Bob Hope and American Variety." Library of Congress. Retrieved: December 24, 2008.
  6. http://ssdi.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/ssdi.cgi
  7. ^ "Bob Hope and the American Variety: Early Life." Library of Congress. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  8. Current Biography 1941, pp. 402–404.
  9. "Boys' Industrial School: Ohio History Central." Ohio Historical Society, July 1, 2005. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  10. "Boys and Girls Industrial School Index." Ohiohistory.org. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  11. Faith 2003, pp. 402–403.
  12. Maltin 1972, p. 25.
  13. Lahr 1998
  14. "The Road to the Fountain of Youth." BBC. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  15. McCaffrey 2005. p. 56.
  16. Friedrich 1986, p. 26.
  17. "WW2 4th of July concert." war-letters.com. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  18. Steinbeck 1958, p. 65.
  19. King, Larry. "Interview Q&A between Hope-Smith and Z. Hope: Tribute to Bob Hope." CNN Larry King Live, CNN Transcripts, August 27, 2003.
  20. Faith 2003, p. 429.
  21. "A salute for Stephen Colbert." Los Angeles Times, June 13, 2009.
  22. Faith 2003, p. 403.
  23. "Bob Hope's 100th Birthday." Bobhopetheatre.co.uk,May 29, 2003. Retrieved: April 11, 2010.
  24. West, Bob. "Bob West Sports Rap." Port Arthur (TX) News, May 31 1980. Retrieved: July 19, 2008.
  25. "Bob Hope Chrysler Classic history." Bhcc.com. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  26. "Bing Crosby Buys Chunk of Pirates As Club Sold to New Owners' Group." The Windsor Daily Star, August 9, 1946: Second Section, p. 3.
  27. Rea. Steven X. "Why Bob Hope's Still on the Road." The Montreal Gazette, August 21, 1982, p. E1.
  28. "Reeves Gives Up Active Interest in L-A Rams." The Lewiston Daily Sun, December 28 1949, p. 8.
  29. "Reeves Buys Rams For $4.8 Million." Lodi News-Sentinel, December 28, 1962, p. 9.
  30. "Bob Hope Notice." The New York Times, July 29, 2003. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  31. "Bob Hope dead at 100." CNN, July 29, 2003. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  32. ^ O'Dowd 2006, p. 313.
  33. O'Dowd 2006, p. 65.
  34. O'Dowd 2006, pp. 66, 67.
  35. O'Dowd 2006, p. 311.
  36. "Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation & Library." Reaganfoundation.org. Retieved: August 7, 2011.
  37. "Bob's Biography (Television)." BobHope.com.
  38. "Hope for America: Performers, Politics and Pop Culture." Library of Congress. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  39. "Bob Hope and American Variety." Library of Congress. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  40. "Comedian Bob Hope dies." BBC News Online, July 28, 2003. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  41. "St. Charles Catholic Church." Seeing-stars.com. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  42. House Proceeding, June 5, 1998 (6:01:45 from start). From C-SPAN.
  43. Quirk 1998, p. 313.
  44. "Bob Hope released from hospital." CNN, June 7, 2000. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  45. "Bob Hope stays in hospital." guardian.co.uk, September 4, 2009. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  46. "Hope grandson: Laughter until the end." CNN, July 29, 2003. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  47. "USA Patriotism!: Great American Patriot Bob Hope." Usa-patriotism.com, May 6, 1941. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  48. "NAB Hall of Fame." National Association of Broadcasters.
  49. "Bob Hope gets freedom award". The Record. May 1, 1997.
  50. "Bob Hope." Hollywood Walk of Fame database. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  51. "Crypt Church: National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception." Nationalshrine.com. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  52. "A Tribute to Bob Hope: Thanks for the Memories." A National Salute to Bob Hope and the Military. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
  53. "Bob Hope Theater." Marine Corps Air Station Miramar. Retrieved: August 7, 2011.
Bibliography
  • Faith, William Robert. Bob Hope: A Life in Comedy. New York: Da Capo Press, a division of Perseus Books, 2003, First edition 1982. ISBN 0-306-81207-X.
  • Friedrich, Otto. City of Nets: A Portrait of Hollywood in the 1940's. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986. ISBN 0-520-20949-4.
  • Lahr, John. "Profiles: The CEO of Comedy." The New Yorker, December 21, 1998, pp. 62–79.
  • Maltin, Leonard. The Great Movie Shorts. New York: Outlet, 1972. ISBN 978-0517504550.
  • McCaffrey, Donald W. The Road to Comedy: The films of Bob Hope. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 2005, First edition 2004. ISBN 978-0275982577.
  • Moreno, B. : Ellis Island's Famous Immigrants (Images of America: New Jersey). Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-0738555331.
  • O'Dowd, John. Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye, The Barbara Payton Story. Duncan, Oklahoma: BearManor Media, 2006. ISBN 978-1593930639.
  • Quirk, Lawrence J. Bob Hope: The Road Well-Traveled. New York: Applause Books, 1998. ISBN 978-0786233076.
  • Steinbeck, John. Once There Was A War. New York: Bantam, 1958.
Further reading
  • Mills, JD, Robert L. The Laugh Makers:: A Behind the Scenes Tribute to Bob Hope's Incredible Gag Writers. Duncan, Oklahoma: BearManor Media, 2009. ISBN 1-59393-323-1.
  • Marx, Arthur. The Secret Life of Bob Hope: An Unauthorized Biography. New York: Barricade Books, 1993. ISBN 978-0942637748.

External links

Awards for Bob Hope
Cecil B. DeMille Award
Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award
1956–2009
2011–present

Template:1985 Kennedy Center Honorees

Film Society of Lincoln Center Gala Tribute Honorees

Template:Walter Camp Distinguished American Award

National Football Foundation Distinguished American Award recipients

Template:Oscars hosts

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