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Revision as of 12:07, 6 December 2011

Isopentane
Isopentane
Isopentane
Names
IUPAC name 2-Methylbutane
Other names Methylbutane
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.001.039 Edit this at Wikidata
RTECS number
  • EK4430000
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3Key: QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3Key: QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYAE
SMILES
  • CC(C)CC
Properties
Chemical formula C5H12
Molar mass 72.15 g/mol
Appearance colorless liquid
Density 0.616 g/ml, liquid
Melting point −159.9 °C (113.3 K)
Boiling point 27.7 °C (300.9 K)
Solubility in water Immiscible
Thermochemistry
Std molar
entropy (S298) 		260.7 J·K·mol
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH298) 		−179 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH298) 		−3504 kJ/mol
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability (yellow): no hazard codeSpecial hazards (white): no code
1 4
Flash point <−51 °C
Explosive limits 1.4–7.6%
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Isopentane, C5H12, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C.

An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH3CH2CH(CH3)2.

Nomenclature

Isopentane is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in its 1993 Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. It is one of only four acyclic hydrocarbons to retain its pre-IUPAC name. An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH3CH2CH(CH3)2.

Isomers

Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and dimethyl propane (neopentane).

Uses

Isopentane is one of the ingredients in both Aquafresh® and Sensodyne®.

References

  1. ^ James Wei (1999), Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 {{doi:10.1021/ie990588m}}
  2. Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. Aquafresh Website

External links

Alkanes
Category: