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| '''Gododdin''', or in its earlier version Goutodin, refers to both the people and to the region of a ] ] kingdom south of the ], extending from the Stirling area to the Northumberland kingdom of ], and including what are now the ] and ] regions of eastern ]. Those living around ] were known as the Manaw Gododdin. | '''Gododdin''', or in its earlier version Goutodin, refers to both the people and to the region of a ] ] kingdom south of the ], extending from the Stirling area to the Northumberland kingdom of ], and including what are now the ] and ] regions of eastern ]. Those living around ] were known as the Manaw Gododdin. | ||
| In the 1st century the ] |
In the ] the ] recorded the ] tribe inhabiting the area as the ], the Latin form of the name Gododdin,, which provides a link to their earlier history. | ||
| Gododdin became an independent kingdom following the break-up of the ancient ] kingdom of the North, from about ]. Its capital was probably at first the Traprain Law hillfort in East Lothian, moving later to 'Din Eidyn'. Scotland's ] is still known as ''Dùn Èideann'' in ]. | Gododdin became an independent kingdom following the break-up of the ancient ] kingdom of the North, from about ]. Its capital was probably at first the Traprain Law hillfort in East ], moving later to ''Din Eidyn''. Scotland's ] is still known as ''Dùn Èideann'' in ]. | ||
| In the ] its southern neighbour 'Brynaich' was invaded by the ] to become ]. | In the ] its southern neighbour 'Brynaich' was invaded by the ] to become ]. | ||
| == Y Gododdin == | == Y Gododdin == | ||
| The poem ''Y Gododdin'' by the ] ], |
The poem ''Y Gododdin'' by the ] ], composed at the time in ] (a Medieval ]ic language closely akin to ]), records the Gododdin expedition in about ] to to try to fend off these ] invaders. It survives as a ] manuscript known as the ''Book of Aneirin'', and is well appreciated in ], but in ] where it is thought to have been composed few have ever heard of the poem or of the Gododdin. A reference in the poem to ] hints at a link to ]. | ||
| The poem tells of the Gododdin king providing his warriors drawn from several British kingdoms with training in the form of a year's feasting and drinking mead in his halls in 'Din Eidyn', and gives a lyrical description of their beauty and honour, and of the tragedy of their heavy defeat at the ] (thought to be Catterick in ]). | The poem tells of the Gododdin king providing his warriors drawn from several British kingdoms with training in the form of a year's feasting and drinking mead in his halls in ''Din Eidyn'', and gives a lyrical description of their beauty and honour, and of the tragedy of their heavy defeat at the ] (thought to be Catterick in ]). | ||
| The poem has 99 verses; as a sample a translation of verses 1 and 11 is given below. |
The poem has 99 verses; as a sample a translation of verses 1 and 11 is given below. | ||
| * provides a better translation of the whole poem. | |||
| Man in might, youth in years, courage in battle. <br/> | Man in might, youth in years, courage in battle. <br/> | ||
Revision as of 09:05, 15 July 2004
Gododdin, or in its earlier version Goutodin, refers to both the people and to the region of a Dark Ages British kingdom south of the Firth of Forth, extending from the Stirling area to the Northumberland kingdom of 'Brynaich', and including what are now the Lothian and Borders regions of eastern Scotland. Those living around Stirling were known as the Manaw Gododdin.
In the 1st century the Romans recorded the British tribe inhabiting the area as the Votadini, the Latin form of the name Gododdin,, which provides a link to their earlier history.
Gododdin became an independent kingdom following the break-up of the ancient British kingdom of the North, from about 470. Its capital was probably at first the Traprain Law hillfort in East Lothian, moving later to Din Eidyn. Scotland's capital city is still known as Dùn Èideann in Gaelic.
In the 6th century its southern neighbour 'Brynaich' was invaded by the Angles to become Bernicia.
Y Gododdin
The poem Y Gododdin by the bard Aneirin, composed at the time in Brythonic (a Medieval Celtic language closely akin to Welsh), records the Gododdin expedition in about 600 to to try to fend off these Angle invaders. It survives as a 13th century manuscript known as the Book of Aneirin, and is well appreciated in Wales, but in Edinburgh where it is thought to have been composed few have ever heard of the poem or of the Gododdin. A reference in the poem to Arthur hints at a link to Arthur's Seat, Edinburgh.
The poem tells of the Gododdin king providing his warriors drawn from several British kingdoms with training in the form of a year's feasting and drinking mead in his halls in Din Eidyn, and gives a lyrical description of their beauty and honour, and of the tragedy of their heavy defeat at the Battle of Catraeth (thought to be Catterick in North Yorkshire). The poem has 99 verses; as a sample a translation of verses 1 and 11 is given below.
- "Y Gododdin"-translation into English provides a better translation of the whole poem.
Man in might, youth in years, courage in battle.
Swift, long-maned stallions under the thigh of a fine lad.
Behind him, on the lean, swift flank, his target, broad and bright,
Swords blue and bright, clothes fringed with gold-work.
There will be no reproach or enmity between us now
Rather I shall make you songs in your praise.
Men went to Catraeth at dawn: their high spirits shortened their life-spans.
They drank mead, gold and sweet, ensnaring; for a year the minstrels were merry.
Red their swords, leave the blades unwashed; white shields and four-edged spears,
In front of the men of Mynyddawg Mwynfawr.
The fall of Gododdin
The Angle invasion continued, and by about 638 the capital of the Gododdin, 'Din Eidyn', had fallen to siege and was renamed Edinburgh. To what extent the native population was replaced is unknown. The region came under the Anglo-saxon rule of Bernicia which became part of Northumbria, and by 954 was overrun by the Norse kingdom of York. Shortly afterwards this came under a unified England, then in 1018 Malcolm II brought the region as far as the River Tweed under Scottish rule.