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| ==Herod's Palace== | ==Herod's Palace== | ||
| ]’s palace is located within the fortress of ], about 12 kilometers south of ]. Herod himself commissioned a lavish palace to be built between 23 and 15 BCE atop Herodium for all to see. The palace itself consisted of four towers of seven stories, a bathhouse, courtyards, a Roman theatre, banquet rooms, a large walkway (“the course”), as well as extravagant living quarters for himself and guests. Once Herod died and the ] started, Herodium was abandoned. The Jews eventually had a base at Herodium where they built a synagogue which can still be seen today, unlike much of Herod’s Palace.<ref>{{cite web|title=King Herod's Palace and Refuge|url=http://www.parks.org.il/BuildaGate5/general2/data_card.php?Cat=~25~~984422214|publisher=Israel Nature and Parks Authority|accessdate=1 December 2011}}</ref> |
]’s palace is located within the fortress of ], about 12 kilometers south of ]. Herod himself commissioned a lavish palace to be built between 23 and 15 BCE atop Herodium for all to see. The palace itself consisted of four towers of seven stories, a bathhouse, courtyards, a Roman theatre, banquet rooms, a large walkway (“the course”), as well as extravagant living quarters for himself and guests. Once Herod died and the ] started, Herodium was abandoned. The Jews eventually had a base at Herodium where they built a synagogue which can still be seen today, unlike much of Herod’s Palace.<ref>{{cite web|title=King Herod's Palace and Refuge|url=http://www.parks.org.il/BuildaGate5/general2/data_card.php?Cat=~25~~984422214|publisher=Israel Nature and Parks Authority|accessdate=1 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Herodium - King Herod's Palace-Fortress|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Early+History+-+Archaeology/Herodium+-+King+Herod-s+Palace-Fortress.htm|publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref> | ||
| ==Construction== | ==Construction== | ||
| Archaeologists believe that the palace was built by slaves, paid workers (contractors), and architects. Herod was considered one of the greatest builders of his time—his palace was built on the edge of the desert and was situated atop an artificial hill, geography did not daunt him<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mueller|first=Tom|title=Herod: The Holy Land's Visionary Builder|journal=National Geographic|year=2008|month=December|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref> |
Archaeologists believe that the palace was built by slaves, paid workers (contractors), and architects. Herod was considered one of the greatest builders of his time—his palace was built on the edge of the desert and was situated atop an artificial hill, geography did not daunt him.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mueller|first=Tom|title=Herod: The Holy Land's Visionary Builder|journal=National Geographic|year=2008|month=December|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref> The largest of the four towers was built on a stone base 18 meters in diameter. This was most likely where Herod lived; he decorated his rooms with ] floors and elaborate ]. The other three towers, which consisted of living spaces and storage, were 16 meters in diameter. Outside, several ] were built to collect water that was channeled into the palace.<ref>{{cite web|last=Browns|first=Shmuel|title=A Visit to the Herodium and Herod’s Tomb|url=http://israelseen.com/2011/05/31/a-visit-to-the-herodium-and-herods-tomb/|publisher=Word Press|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref> | ||
| ==Excavation== | ==Excavation== | ||
| Excavation began in 1972 and was intermittent until ]'s, the lead archaeologist, death in 2010. Netzer worked at Herodium on behalf of the the ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Herodium - King Herod's Palace-Fortress|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Early+History+-+Archaeology/Herodium+-+King+Herod-s+Palace-Fortress.htm|publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref> Although there is much of the palace left to unearth, Netzer was the premier historian and had the most experience and knowledge of Herodium, so construction stopped in late 2010. Many archaeologists suspect that mosaic floors and frescoes were common throughout the palace, but it will take more work to reveal them because of the thousands of years that have passed since its construction<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mueller|first=Tom|title=Herod: The Holy Land's Visionary Builder|journal=National Geographic|year=2008|month=December|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref> |
Excavation began in 1972 and was intermittent until ]'s, the lead archaeologist, death in 2010. Netzer worked at Herodium on behalf of the the ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Herodium - King Herod's Palace-Fortress|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Early+History+-+Archaeology/Herodium+-+King+Herod-s+Palace-Fortress.htm|publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref> Although there is much of the palace left to unearth, Netzer was the premier historian and had the most experience and knowledge of Herodium, so construction stopped in late 2010. Many archaeologists suspect that mosaic floors and frescoes were common throughout the palace, but it will take more work to reveal them because of the thousands of years that have passed since its construction.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mueller|first=Tom|title=Herod: The Holy Land's Visionary Builder|journal=National Geographic|year=2008|month=December|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref> | ||
| ==Excavated Areas== | ==Excavated Areas== | ||
| Line 96: | Line 97: | ||
| '''Bathhouse''' | '''Bathhouse''' | ||
| The Roman ] consisted of three areas, the ], the ], and the ]. It also had a very impressive dome which is still in good condition today despite thousands of years of earthquakes and wars. The caldarium had vaulted ceilings, raised floors, and channels in the walls to conduct heat. The tepidarium had mosaic floors and frescoes just like the living quarters of the palace. The frigidarium, the last stop in the bathhouse, was where guests would cool off in a large pool<ref>{{cite web|last=Browns|first=Shmuel|title=A Visit to the Herodium and Herod’s Tomb|url=http://israelseen.com/2011/05/31/a-visit-to-the-herodium-and-herods-tomb/|publisher=Word Press|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref> |
The Roman ] consisted of three areas, the ], the ], and the ]. It also had a very impressive dome which is still in good condition today despite thousands of years of earthquakes and wars. The caldarium had vaulted ceilings, raised floors, and channels in the walls to conduct heat. The tepidarium had mosaic floors and frescoes just like the living quarters of the palace. The frigidarium, the last stop in the bathhouse, was where guests would cool off in a large pool.<ref>{{cite web|last=Browns|first=Shmuel|title=A Visit to the Herodium and Herod’s Tomb|url=http://israelseen.com/2011/05/31/a-visit-to-the-herodium-and-herods-tomb/|publisher=Word Press|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref> | ||
| '''Roman Theatre''' | '''Roman Theatre''' | ||
| Netzer discovered the Roman Theatre just before his death in late 2010. A loggia, or a theatre box, was discovered. This means that when Herod or other notable officials went to see a play, they would receive luxury treatment. The rest of the audience would be seated below on benches that could accommodate about 650 people. What is quite unique about this find is that frescoes of landscapes were discovered. This suggests that the painters were well traveled; they depict scenes of Italy and even the ] in Egypt. It is also assumed that the painters were on loan to Herod from ] in ]<ref>{{cite web|last=Milstein|first=Mati|title=Luxury Box Seating|url=http://www.archaeology.org/1101/trenches/luxury.html|publisher=Archaeological Institute of America|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Magness|first=Jodi|title=Where Is Herod's Tomb At Herodium?|journal=Bulletin Of The American Schools Of Oriental Research|year=2001|pages=43|accessdate=18 November 2011}}</ref> |
Netzer discovered the Roman Theatre just before his death in late 2010. A loggia, or a theatre box, was discovered. This means that when Herod or other notable officials went to see a play, they would receive luxury treatment. The rest of the audience would be seated below on benches that could accommodate about 650 people. What is quite unique about this find is that frescoes of landscapes were discovered. This suggests that the painters were well traveled; they depict scenes of Italy and even the ] in Egypt. It is also assumed that the painters were on loan to Herod from ] in ].<ref>{{cite web|last=Milstein|first=Mati|title=Luxury Box Seating|url=http://www.archaeology.org/1101/trenches/luxury.html|publisher=Archaeological Institute of America|accessdate=17 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Magness|first=Jodi|title=Where Is Herod's Tomb At Herodium?|journal=Bulletin Of The American Schools Of Oriental Research|year=2001|pages=43|accessdate=18 November 2011}}</ref> | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| {{Uncategorized|date=December 2011}} | |||
Revision as of 22:44, 9 December 2011
Palace in Herodium, Israel| Herod's Palace | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Palace |
| Location | Herodium |
| Country | Israel |
| Opened | 23-15 BCE |
| Owner | Herod the Great |
Herod's Palace
Herod the Great’s palace is located within the fortress of Herodium, about 12 kilometers south of Jerusalem. Herod himself commissioned a lavish palace to be built between 23 and 15 BCE atop Herodium for all to see. The palace itself consisted of four towers of seven stories, a bathhouse, courtyards, a Roman theatre, banquet rooms, a large walkway (“the course”), as well as extravagant living quarters for himself and guests. Once Herod died and the Great Revolt started, Herodium was abandoned. The Jews eventually had a base at Herodium where they built a synagogue which can still be seen today, unlike much of Herod’s Palace.
Construction
Archaeologists believe that the palace was built by slaves, paid workers (contractors), and architects. Herod was considered one of the greatest builders of his time—his palace was built on the edge of the desert and was situated atop an artificial hill, geography did not daunt him. The largest of the four towers was built on a stone base 18 meters in diameter. This was most likely where Herod lived; he decorated his rooms with mosaic floors and elaborate frescoes. The other three towers, which consisted of living spaces and storage, were 16 meters in diameter. Outside, several cisterns were built to collect water that was channeled into the palace.
Excavation
Excavation began in 1972 and was intermittent until Ehud Netzer's, the lead archaeologist, death in 2010. Netzer worked at Herodium on behalf of the the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Although there is much of the palace left to unearth, Netzer was the premier historian and had the most experience and knowledge of Herodium, so construction stopped in late 2010. Many archaeologists suspect that mosaic floors and frescoes were common throughout the palace, but it will take more work to reveal them because of the thousands of years that have passed since its construction.
Excavated Areas
Bathhouse
The Roman bathhouse consisted of three areas, the caldarium, the tepidarium, and the frigidarium. It also had a very impressive dome which is still in good condition today despite thousands of years of earthquakes and wars. The caldarium had vaulted ceilings, raised floors, and channels in the walls to conduct heat. The tepidarium had mosaic floors and frescoes just like the living quarters of the palace. The frigidarium, the last stop in the bathhouse, was where guests would cool off in a large pool.
Roman Theatre
Netzer discovered the Roman Theatre just before his death in late 2010. A loggia, or a theatre box, was discovered. This means that when Herod or other notable officials went to see a play, they would receive luxury treatment. The rest of the audience would be seated below on benches that could accommodate about 650 people. What is quite unique about this find is that frescoes of landscapes were discovered. This suggests that the painters were well traveled; they depict scenes of Italy and even the Nile River in Egypt. It is also assumed that the painters were on loan to Herod from Caesar in Rome.
References
- "King Herod's Palace and Refuge". Israel Nature and Parks Authority. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
- "King Herod's Palace and Refuge". Israel Nature and Parks Authority. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
- "Herodium - King Herod's Palace-Fortress". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
- Mueller, Tom (2008). "Herod: The Holy Land's Visionary Builder". National Geographic.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Browns, Shmuel. "A Visit to the Herodium and Herod's Tomb". Word Press. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
- "Herodium - King Herod's Palace-Fortress". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
- Mueller, Tom (2008). "Herod: The Holy Land's Visionary Builder". National Geographic.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - Browns, Shmuel. "A Visit to the Herodium and Herod's Tomb". Word Press. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
- Milstein, Mati. "Luxury Box Seating". Archaeological Institute of America. Retrieved 17 November 2011.
- Magness, Jodi (2001). "Where Is Herod's Tomb At Herodium?". Bulletin Of The American Schools Of Oriental Research: 43.
{{cite journal}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help)
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