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{{Chembox | ||
| verifiedrevid = 464398176 | | verifiedrevid = 464398176 | ||
⚫ | | ImageFile = 2-methylbutane-2D-skeletal.svg | ||
| Name = Isopentane | |||
| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} | |||
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| ImageSize = |
| ImageSize = 100 | ||
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| ImageName = Numbered, skeletal formula of isopentane | ||
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| ImageFile1 = Isopentane-3D-balls.png | ||
| ImageFile1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} | |||
| ImageSize1 = |
| ImageSize1 = 100 | ||
| ImageName1 = Isopentane | |||
| ImageName1 = Ball and stick model of isopentane | |||
| IUPACName = 2-Methylbutane | |||
| IUPACName = 2-Methylbutane<ref>{{Cite web|title=isopentane - Compound Summary|url=http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=6556&loc=ec_rcs#x291|work=PubChem Compound|publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information|accessdate=5 March 2012|location=USA|date=16 September 2004|at=Identification and Related Records}}</ref> | |||
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| OtherNames = Methylbutane{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} | ||
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | ||
| CASNo = 78-78-4 | |||
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⚫ | | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | ||
⚫ | | ChEBI = 30362 | ||
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| PubChem = 6556 | ||
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| PubChem_Ref = {{Pubchemcite|correct|Pubchem}} | ||
| ChemSpiderID = 6308 | | ChemSpiderID = 6308 | ||
| |
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ||
| UNII = ZH67814I0O | | UNII = ZH67814I0O | ||
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | |||
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| EINECS = 201-142-8 | |||
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| UNNumber = 1265 | |||
⚫ | | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | ||
| MeSHName = isopentane | |||
| StdInChI = 1S/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3 | |||
⚫ | | ChEBI = 30362 | ||
⚫ | | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | ||
⚫ | | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ||
| StdInChIKey = QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |||
| |
| RTECS = EK4430000 | ||
| Beilstein = 1730723 | |||
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||
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| Gmelin = 49318 | ||
| SMILES = CCC(C)C | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | | StdInChI = 1S/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3 | ||
⚫ | | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | ||
⚫ | | StdInChIKey = QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N | ||
⚫ | | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | ||
⚫ | }} | ||
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | ||
⚫ | | C = 5 | ||
| Formula = C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub> | |||
| |
| H = 12 | ||
| ExactMass = 72.093900384 g mol<sup>−1</sup> | |||
| Appearance = colorless liquid | |||
| |
| Appearance = Colorless, transparent liquid | ||
| |
| Odor = Odorless | ||
⚫ | | Density = 616 mg mL<sup>−1</sup><ref name="Wei"> James Wei (1999), ''Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points''. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 {{doi|10.1021/ie990588m}}</ref> | ||
| MeltingPt = −159.9 °C (113.3 K)<ref name="Wei"/> | |||
| BoilingPtKL = 300.9 | |||
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| BoilingPtKH = 301.3 | |||
⚫ | |||
| MeltingPtKL = 112 | |||
| MeltingPtKH = 114 | |||
| Solubility = Miscible | |||
| VaporPressure = 76.992 kPa (at 20 °C) | |||
| HenryConstant = 7.2 nmol Pa<sup>−1</sup> kg<sup>−1</sup> | |||
| LambdaMax = 192 nm | |||
| RefractIndex = 10.354 | |||
⚫ | }} | ||
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | | Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry | ||
| |
| DeltaHf = −179.1–−177.3 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
| |
| DeltaHc = −3.5052–−3.5036 MJ mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
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| Entropy = 260.41 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> | ||
| HeatCapacity = 164.85 J K<sup>−1</sup> mol<sup>−1</sup> | |||
}} | |||
| |
| Section5 = {{Chembox Hazards | ||
| ExternalMSDS = | |||
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame}}{{GHS exclamation mark}}{{GHS health hazard}}{{GHS environment}} | |||
| EUClass = Highly flammable ('''F+''')<br />Harmful ('''Xn''')<br />Dangerous for<br />the environment ('''N''') | |||
| GHSSignalWord = '''DANGER''' | |||
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|224|304|336|411}} | |||
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|261|273|301+310|331}} | |||
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| EUIndex = 601-006-00-1 | |||
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| EUClass = {{Hazchem F+}} {{Hazchem Xn}} {{Hazchem N}} | ||
⚫ | | NFPA-H = 1 | ||
| FlashPt = <−51 °C | |||
| |
| NFPA-F = 4 | ||
⚫ | | NFPA-R = 0 | ||
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||
⚫ | | RPhrases = {{R12}}, {{R51/53}}, {{R65}}, {{R66}}, {{R67}} | ||
⚫ | |||
| SPhrases = {{S2}}, {{S16}}, {{S29}}, {{S33}} | |||
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||
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| FlashPt = −51 °C | ||
| Autoignition = 420 °C | |||
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⚫ | | ExploLimits = 1.4–8.3% | ||
| OtherCpds = ]<br />] | |||
}} | |||
⚫ | | Section6 = {{Chembox Related | ||
| Function = alkanes | |||
⚫ | | OtherFunctn = {{Unbulleted list|]|]}} | ||
⚫ | }} | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Isopentane''', ]], also called '''methylbutane''' or '''2-methylbutane''', is a branched-chain ] with five ] atoms. Isopentane is an extremely ] and extremely ] liquid at room ] and ]. The ] is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with ] to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C. It is 1% or less of natural gas.<ref>Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme “Natural Gas“ in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2}}</ref> | '''Isopentane''', ]], also called '''methylbutane''' or '''2-methylbutane''', is a branched-chain ] with five ] atoms. Isopentane is an extremely ] and extremely ] liquid at room ] and ]. The ] is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with ] to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C. It is 1% or less of natural gas.<ref>Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme “Natural Gas“ in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2}}</ref> | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ |
{{Reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* | * | ||
* (online version of the "''Blue Book''") | * (online version of the "''Blue Book''") | ||
{{Alkanes}} | |||
{{alkanes}} | |||
] | ] |
Revision as of 06:52, 5 March 2012
Names | |
---|---|
IUPAC name 2-Methylbutane | |
Other names Methylbutane | |
Identifiers | |
CAS Number | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Beilstein Reference | 1730723 |
ChEBI | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.039 |
EC Number |
|
Gmelin Reference | 49318 |
MeSH | isopentane |
PubChem CID | |
RTECS number |
|
UNII | |
UN number | 1265 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
InChI
| |
SMILES
| |
Properties | |
Chemical formula | C5H12 |
Molar mass | 72.151 g·mol |
Appearance | Colorless, transparent liquid |
Odor | Odorless |
Density | 616 mg mL |
Solubility in water | Miscible |
Vapor pressure | 76.992 kPa (at 20 °C) |
Henry's law constant (kH) |
7.2 nmol Pa kg |
UV-vis (λmax) | 192 nm |
Refractive index (nD) | 10.354 |
Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) | 164.85 J K mol |
Std molar entropy (S298) |
260.41 J K mol |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH298) |
−179.1–−177.3 kJ mol |
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH298) |
−3.5052–−3.5036 MJ mol |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
Pictograms | |
Signal word | Danger |
Hazard statements | H224, H304, H336, H411 |
Precautionary statements | P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331 |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1 4 0 |
Flash point | −51 °C |
Explosive limits | 1.4–8.3% |
Related compounds | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). Y verify (what is ?) Infobox references |
Isopentane, C5H12, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of -160 °C. It is 1% or less of natural gas.
Nomenclature
Isopentane is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH2CH2CH(CH3)2.
Isomers
Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (dimethyl propane).
Uses
Isopentane is one of the ingredients in both Aquafresh® and Sensodyne®.
References
- "isopentane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
- James Wei (1999), Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 doi:10.1021/ie990588m
- Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme “Natural Gas“ in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2
- Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Aquafresh Website
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 1153
- IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (online version of the "Blue Book")
Alkanes | |
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