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| '''Pata Khazāna''' (]: پټه خزانه – „''The Hidden Treasure''“, alternative transcriptions: ''Peta Khazāna'', ''Pota Khazana'', ''Pata Xazāna'') is the title of a disputed manuscript written in Pashto language. According to its discoverer ], the script contains an ] of ], which precedes the earliest known pieces of ] by a couple of hundred years. The claimed discovery of the script caused a controversy about its genuineness. The manuscript could not be authenticated and is considered forgery by most scholars of ]. (Reference Required) | |||
| '''Pata Khazāna''' ({{lang-ps|'''پټه خزانه'''}} – ''"Hidden Treasure"'', alternative transcriptions: ''Peta Khazāna'', ''Pota Khazana'', ''Pata Xazāna'') is a ] ]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://patakhazana.home.comcast.net/~patakhazana/Khazana.pdf |title=Pata Khazana |format=pdf |work= |publisher= |date=|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref> claimed to be first ] during the ] (1709-1738) in ], ]. In 1944, ], a prominent ] ] from Kandahar, made his first claim about discovering an 1886 hand-written copy of this manuscript in his first edition book ''Pata Khazana''.<ref name="Hotak"/><ref name="Khushal">{{Cite book|title=Pat̲a k̲h̲azana |last1=Hōtak|first1=Muḥammad|authorlink=|coauthors=ʻAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī, Khushal Habibi|volume=|year=1997|publisher=]|location=]|isbn=0761802657, 9780761802655|page=vii (Preface)|pages=222|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QsP9T48RnUEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PR7#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref> According to Habibi, the script contains an ] of ], which precedes the earliest known pieces of ] by a couple of hundred years.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pat̲a k̲h̲azana |last1=Hōtak|first1=Muḥammad|authorlink=|coauthors=ʻAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī, Khushal Habibi|volume=|year=1997|publisher=]|location=]|isbn=0761802657, 9780761802655|page=|pages=222|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QsP9T48RnUEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref> The claimed discovery of the script caused some controversy about its genuineness since 1968 and some leading scholars of ] consider it a 20th century forgery.<ref name="Hotak">{{Cite book|title=Pat̲a k̲h̲azana |last1=Hōtak|first1=Muḥammad|authorlink=|coauthors=ʻAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī, Khushal Habibi|volume=|year=1997|publisher=University Press of America|location=United States|isbn=0761802657, 9780761802655|page=30|pages=222|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QsP9T48RnUEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref> In 1997, Khushal Habibi translated Pata Khazana into the ] by naming it the ''Hidden Treasure''.<ref name="Khushal"/> | |||
| == |
== Discovery == | ||
| The ] and scholar '']'' claimed to have ] an old hand-written Pata Khazana manuscript in 1943.<ref name="PK-19"/><ref name="Hotak">{{Cite book|title=Pata Khazana: (trésor caché)|last1=Hotak|first1=Mohammed|authorlink=|coauthors=|volume=|year=1944|publisher=Pashto-Tolanah Academie Afghane|location=|isbn=|page=|pages=|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=t_adQwAACAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref> He professed that the script be an 1886 edition of an anthology of Pashto poetry that was originally written in 1729 by Mohammad bin Daud bin Qader Khan Hotak under the patronage of ] ], the last ruler of the ] ] of ].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pat̲a k̲h̲azana |last1=Hōtak|first1=Muḥammad|authorlink=|coauthors=ʻAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī, Khushal Habibi|volume=|year=1997|publisher=]|location=]|isbn=0761802657, 9780761802655|page=1|pages=222|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QsP9T48RnUEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref> The Hotakis were keenly interested in promoting ] and Pashto literature. ] (Nazo Anaa), mother of ] and grandmother of Shah Hussein Hotaki, was a Pashtun female poet and a literary figure of the Pashto language. | |||
| The Afghan scholar Habibi claimed to have discovered the manuscript in 1944. He professed that the script be a 19th century copy of an anthology of Pashto poetry written in 1729 in ] by Shah ]. The anthology is a compilation of works of hitherto unknown poets dating back to the eighth century. Habibi published the manuscript as a ] in 1975 but did not make the original document available to the public. | |||
| The anthology is a compilation of works of hitherto obscure poets dating back to the eighth century. For example, the earliest Pashto poet mentioned in Pata Khazana is a ] ] (d. 771 AD). Habibi published the manuscript as a ] in 1975 but never made the original document available to the public. The first translation into a European language appeared in 1987, written by the ] Lucia Serena Loi. In 1997, Khushal Habibi translated the Pashto work into the English language and have written a book titled ''Hidden Treasure''.<ref name="Khushal"/> | |||
| == Reception == | |||
| It is believed that on November 22, 2003, an article by ''Magda Katona'' appeared in ''Magyar Nemzet Magazin'' of ], ], in which the author explained that a manuscript of Pata Khazana is preseved in the ''Armin Vambery Collection'' of the ''Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences''. The news article claimed that a copy of Pata Khazana was obtained by ] from ] ] of ] in around 1859.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://patakhazana.home.comcast.net/~patakhazana/ |title=Pata Khazana |work=|publisher=|date=|accessdate=2010-09-28}}</ref> | |||
| The earliest known document written in Pashto is dated to the sixteenth century. The poems compiled in the Pata Khazana therefore extend the history of Pashto literature by about 800 years. The claimed discovery of the manuscript thus caused a controversy, its authenticity was disputed from the beginning. The first translation into a European language, with a detailed critical commentary, only appeared in 1987, written by the Italian iranologist ]. The most intensive critical occupation with the manuscript among Pashto scholars was published by the Pakistani scholar ] in 1988. | |||
| === Controversy over authenticity of Pata Khazana manuscript === | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| As the original manuscript is not available to the public, the authenticity of the document could only be checked by analysing the orthography and style of the facsimile. Due to the large number of errors and ]s found in the script, the authenticity of the manuscript is widely excluded among scholars of Iranian studies. Some scholars, however, do not want to rule rule out completely an authenticity of at least parts of some poems compiled in the manuscript. | |||
| Habibi responded to his critics in 1977 by stating:{{Quote|''"I obtained the hand-written manuscript with the help of the late Abdul Ali Khanozay, a ] at ] in 1943. First I translated it into ], provided explanatory notes and annotations and published it in 1944 through the Pashto Academy. In 1961 five thousand copies of the original edition were published by the Publications and Translation Department. Due to the great demand for the book, the third edition was published in 1976 by the Pashto Development Board of the Ministry of Information and Culture. This edition contained a complete facisimile of the original hand-written manuscript. Since its publication 33 years ago different opinions have been expressed about this book and certain people have cast their doubts upon it. Some have said that I have composed the book while others have claimed that it was forged by ], son of ]. Such claims have been heard over the years, but unfortunately, the critics have not compiled any detailed or scholastic analyses of the work so that they may be studied, and if found refutable, commented upon scholastically. Scholars in the field have not discussed this book in detail so far. What has been written has been brief and expressions of doubts. No scholastic or positive criticism from the viewpoint of ] or ] has been provided so that the authenticity or forgery of words may be evaluated and the facts clarified."''<ref name="PK-19">{{Cite book|title=Pat̲a k̲h̲azana |last1=Hōtak|first1=Muḥammad|authorlink=|coauthors=ʻAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī, Khushal Habibi|volume=|year=1997|publisher=]|location=]|isbn=0761802657, 9780761802655|page=19-20|pages=222|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QsP9T48RnUEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref>|Abdul Hai Habibi|1977}} | |||
| ⚫ | There is no consensus on the time of fabrication. Loi considers the manuscript a forgery of the late 19th century,<ref>Lucia Serena Loi: ''Il tesoro nascosto degli Afghani''. Il Cavaliere azzurro, Bologna 1987, p. 33</ref> while the Iranologist ] concludes from the anachronisms that the document was fabricated only shortly before its claimed discovery in 1944. MacKenzies central argument refers to the use of the modern Pashto letters ''Dze'' (ځ {{IPA|}}) and ''Nur'' (ڼ {{IPA|}}) throughout the script. These letters were only introduced into the Pashto alphabet in 1936 when the Afghan government reformed the Pashto orthography. The two letters have never been found simultaneously in any genuine manuscript before 1935.<ref>David Neil MacKenzie: ''David N. Mackenzie: ''The Development of the Pashto Script''. In: Shirin Akiner (Editor): ''Languages and Scripts of Central Asia''. School of Oriental and African Studies, Univ. of London, London 1997, ISBN 978-0-7286-0272-4. | ||
| p. 142</ref> | |||
| == Literature == | == Literature == | ||
| *Khushal Habibi (translator): ''Hidden Treasure (Pata Khazana)''. |
*Khushal Habibi (translator): ''Hidden Treasure (Pata Khazana)''. University Press of America 1997, ISBN 0-7618-0265-7 | ||
| *Lucia Serena Loi: ''Il tesoro nascosto degli Afghani''. Il Cavaliere azzurro, Bologna 1987, ISBN |
*Lucia Serena Loi: ''Il tesoro nascosto degli Afghani''. Il Cavaliere azzurro, Bologna 1987, ISBN 88-85661-21-1 (in Italian) | ||
| *]: ''Paṭah khazānah fī al-mīzān''. Da Chāp Zạy, Peshawar 1988 (in Pashto ) | |||
| *Qalandar Mohmand: ''Pata ckazāna fi'l mīzān''. Da chap jae, Peshawar 1988 (in Pashto) | |||
| ⚫ | ==External links== | ||
| * | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| <references/> | |||
| ⚫ | == |
||
| * | |||
| {{Pashto literature}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 08:28, 18 August 2012
Pata Khazāna (Pashto: پټه خزانه – „The Hidden Treasure“, alternative transcriptions: Peta Khazāna, Pota Khazana, Pata Xazāna) is the title of a disputed manuscript written in Pashto language. According to its discoverer Abdul Hay Habibi, the script contains an anthology of Pashto poetry, which precedes the earliest known pieces of Pashto literature by a couple of hundred years. The claimed discovery of the script caused a controversy about its genuineness. The manuscript could not be authenticated and is considered forgery by most scholars of Iranian Studies. (Reference Required)
Discovery
The Afghan scholar Habibi claimed to have discovered the manuscript in 1944. He professed that the script be a 19th century copy of an anthology of Pashto poetry written in 1729 in Kandahar by Shah Hussain Hotak. The anthology is a compilation of works of hitherto unknown poets dating back to the eighth century. Habibi published the manuscript as a facsimile in 1975 but did not make the original document available to the public.
Reception
The earliest known document written in Pashto is dated to the sixteenth century. The poems compiled in the Pata Khazana therefore extend the history of Pashto literature by about 800 years. The claimed discovery of the manuscript thus caused a controversy, its authenticity was disputed from the beginning. The first translation into a European language, with a detailed critical commentary, only appeared in 1987, written by the Italian iranologist Lucia Serena Loi. The most intensive critical occupation with the manuscript among Pashto scholars was published by the Pakistani scholar Qalandar Mohmand in 1988.
As the original manuscript is not available to the public, the authenticity of the document could only be checked by analysing the orthography and style of the facsimile. Due to the large number of errors and anachronisms found in the script, the authenticity of the manuscript is widely excluded among scholars of Iranian studies. Some scholars, however, do not want to rule rule out completely an authenticity of at least parts of some poems compiled in the manuscript.
There is no consensus on the time of fabrication. Loi considers the manuscript a forgery of the late 19th century, while the Iranologist David Neil MacKenzie concludes from the anachronisms that the document was fabricated only shortly before its claimed discovery in 1944. MacKenzies central argument refers to the use of the modern Pashto letters Dze (ځ ) and Nur (ڼ ) throughout the script. These letters were only introduced into the Pashto alphabet in 1936 when the Afghan government reformed the Pashto orthography. The two letters have never been found simultaneously in any genuine manuscript before 1935.
Literature
- Khushal Habibi (translator): Hidden Treasure (Pata Khazana). University Press of America 1997, ISBN 0-7618-0265-7
- Lucia Serena Loi: Il tesoro nascosto degli Afghani. Il Cavaliere azzurro, Bologna 1987, ISBN 88-85661-21-1 (in Italian)
- Qalandar Mohmand: Pata ckazāna fi'l mīzān. Da chap jae, Peshawar 1988 (in Pashto)
External links
References
- Lucia Serena Loi: Il tesoro nascosto degli Afghani. Il Cavaliere azzurro, Bologna 1987, p. 33
- David Neil MacKenzie: David N. Mackenzie: The Development of the Pashto Script. In: Shirin Akiner (Editor): Languages and Scripts of Central Asia. School of Oriental and African Studies, Univ. of London, London 1997, ISBN 978-0-7286-0272-4. p. 142