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Revision as of 22:26, 26 August 2012 editLysozym (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users1,944 editsmNo edit summary← Previous edit Revision as of 12:39, 28 August 2012 edit undoNasir Ghobar (talk | contribs)1,430 edits In my review this version is written appropriately and is properly sourced, there is no reason to remove all this information regardless if the manuscript is fake or notNext edit →
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'''Pata Khazana''' ({{lang-ps|'''پټه خزانه'''}} – ''"Hidden Treasure"'', alternative transcriptions: ''Peta Khazāna'', ''Pota Khazana'', ''Pata Xazāna'') is a ] ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://patakhazana.home.comcast.net/~patakhazana/Khazana.pdf |title=Pata Khazana |format=pdf |work= |publisher= |date=|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref> claimed to be first ] during the ] (1709-1738) in ], ]. In 1944, ], a prominent ] ] from Kandahar, made his first claim about discovering an 1886 hand-written copy of this manuscript in his first edition book ''Pata Khazana''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alamahabibi.com/English%20Articles/Who_where_and__why.htm |title=How, Where and Who Discovered The Hidden Treasure (Pata Khazana) |date=Pre-1984 |accessdate=2012-08-28}}</ref><ref name="Hotak"/><ref name="Khushal">{{Cite book|title=Pat̲a k̲h̲azana |last1=Hōtak|first1=Muḥammad|authorlink=|coauthors=ʻAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī, Khushal Habibi|volume=|year=1997|publisher=]|location=]|isbn=0-7618-0265-7|page=vii (Preface)|pages=222|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QsP9T48RnUEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PR7#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref>
'''Pata Khazāna''' (]: پټه خزانه – „''The Hidden Treasure''“, alternative transcriptions: ''Peta Khazāna'', ''Pota Khazana'', ''Pata Xazāna'') is the title of a disputed manuscript written in Pashto language. According to its discoverer ], the script contains an ] of ], which precedes the earliest known pieces of ] by a couple of hundred years. The claimed discovery of the script caused a controversy about its genuineness. The manuscript could not be authenticated and is considered forgery by most scholars of ].
== Discovery ==


According to Habibi, the script contains an ] of ], which precedes the earliest known pieces of ] by a couple of hundred years.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pat̲a k̲h̲azana |last1=Hōtak|first1=Muḥammad|authorlink=|coauthors=ʻAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī, Khushal Habibi|volume=|year=1997|publisher=]|location=]|isbn=0761802657, 9780761802655|page=|pages=222|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QsP9T48RnUEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref> The claimed discovery of the script caused some controversy about its genuineness since 1968 and some leading scholars of ] consider it a 20th century forgery.<ref name="Hotak">{{Cite book|title=Pat̲a k̲h̲azana |last1=Hōtak|first1=Muḥammad|authorlink=|coauthors=ʻAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī, Khushal Habibi|volume=|year=1997|publisher=University Press of America|location=United States|isbn=0-7618-0265-7|page=30|pages=222|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QsP9T48RnUEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref> In 1997, Khushal Habibi translated Pata Khazana into the ] by naming it the ''Hidden Treasure''.<ref name="Khushal"/>
The Afghan scholar Habibi claimed to have discovered the manuscript in 1944. He professed that the script be a 19th century copy of an anthology of Pashto poetry written in 1729 in ] by Shah ]. The anthology is a compilation of works of hitherto unknown poets dating back to the eighth century. Habibi published the manuscript as a ] in 1975 but did not make the original document available to the public.


== Reception == == Overview ==
The ] and scholar '']'' claimed to have an old hand-written Pata Khazana manuscript in 1943, wbich was given to him by a man named Abdul Ali Akhundzada Khaalozay Kakarr.<ref name="PK-19"/><ref name="Hotak">{{Cite book|title=Pata Khazana: (trésor caché)|last1=Hotak|first1=Mohammed|authorlink=|coauthors=|volume=|year=1944|publisher=Pashto-Tolanah Academie Afghane|location=|isbn=|page=|pages=|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=t_adQwAACAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref> He professed that the script be an 1886 edition of an anthology of Pashto poetry that was originally written in 1729 by Mohammad bin Daud bin Qader Khan Hotak under the patronage of ] ], the last Ghilzai ruler of the ].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Pat̲a k̲h̲azana |last1=Hōtak|first1=Muḥammad|authorlink=|coauthors=ʻAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī, Khushal Habibi|volume=|year=1997|publisher=]|location=]|isbn=0-7618-0265-7|page=1|pages=222|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QsP9T48RnUEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref> The Hotakis were keenly interested in promoting ] and Pashto literature. ] (Nazo Anaa), mother of ] and grandmother of Shah Hussein Hotaki, was a Pashtun female poet and a literary figure of the Pashto language.


The earliest known document written in Pashto is dated to the sixteenth century. The poems compiled in the Pata Khazana therefore extend the history of Pashto literature by about 800 years. The claimed discovery of the manuscript thus caused a controversy, its authenticity was disputed from the beginning. The first translation into a European language, with a detailed critical commentary, only appeared in 1987, written by the Italian iranologist ]. The most intensive critical occupation with the manuscript among Pashto scholars was published by the Pakistani scholar ] in 1988. The anthology is a compilation of works of hitherto obscure poets dating back to the eighth century. For example, the earliest Pashto poet mentioned in Pata Khazana is a ] ] (d. 771 AD). Habibi published the manuscript as a ] in 1975 but never made the original document available to the public. The first translation into a European language appeared in 1987, written by the ] Lucia Serena Loi. In 1997, Khushal Habibi translated the Pashto work into the English language and has written a book titled ''Hidden Treasure''.<ref name="Khushal"/>


It is believed that on November 22, 2003, an article by ''Magda Katona'' appeared in ''Magyar Nemzet Magazin'' of ], ], in which the author explained that a manuscript of Pata Khazana is preseved in the ''Armin Vambery Collection'' of the ''Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences''. The news article claimed that a copy of Pata Khazana was obtained by ] from ] ] of ] in around 1859.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://patakhazana.home.comcast.net/~patakhazana/ |title=Pata Khazana |work=|publisher=|date=|accessdate=2010-09-28}}</ref>
As the original manuscript is not available to the public, the authenticity of the document could only be checked by analysing the orthography and style of the facsimile. Due to the large number of errors and ]s found in the script, the authenticity of the manuscript is widely excluded among scholars of Iranian studies. Some scholars, however, do not want to rule rule out completely an authenticity of at least parts of some poems compiled in the manuscript.


=== Controversy over authenticity of Pata Khazana manuscript ===
There is no consensus on the time of fabrication. Loi considers the manuscript a forgery of the late 19th century,<ref>Lucia Serena Loi: ''Il tesoro nascosto degli Afghani''. Il Cavaliere azzurro, Bologna 1987, p.&nbsp;33</ref> while the Iranologist ] concludes from the anachronisms that the document was fabricated only shortly before its claimed discovery in 1944. MacKenzies central argument refers to the use of the modern Pashto letters ''Dze'' (ځ {{IPA|}}) and ''Nur'' (ڼ {{IPA|}}) throughout the script. These letters were only introduced into the Pashto alphabet in 1936 when the Afghan government reformed the Pashto orthography. The two letters have never been found simultaneously in any genuine manuscript before 1935.<ref>David Neil MacKenzie: ''David N. Mackenzie: ''The Development of the Pashto Script''. In: Shirin Akiner (Editor): ''Languages and Scripts of Central Asia''. School of Oriental and African Studies, Univ. of London, London 1997, ISBN 978-0-7286-0272-4. Pata Khazana has been questioned by several Western scholars for lacking strong evidence. Loi considers the manuscript a forgery of the late 19th century,<ref>Lucia Serena Loi: ''Il tesoro nascosto degli Afghani''. Il Cavaliere azzurro, Bologna 1987, p.&nbsp;33</ref> while the Iranologist ] concludes from the anachronisms that the document was fabricated only shortly before its claimed discovery in 1944. MacKenzie's central argument refers to the use of the modern Pashto letters ''Dze'' (ځ {{IPA|}}) and ''Nur'' (ڼ {{IPA|}}) throughout the script. These letters were only introduced into the Pashto alphabet in 1936 when the Afghan government reformed the Pashto orthography. The two letters have never been found simultaneously in any genuine manuscript before 1935.<ref>David Neil MacKenzie: ''David N. Mackenzie: ''The Development of the Pashto Script''. In: Shirin Akiner (Editor): ''Languages and Scripts of Central Asia''. School of Oriental and African Studies, Univ. of London, London 1997, ISBN 9780728602724. p.&nbsp;142</ref>{{Failed verification|August 2012}}
p.&nbsp;142</ref>

Habibi responded to his critics in 1977 by stating:{{Quote|''"I obtained the hand-written manuscript with the help of the late Abdul Ali Khanozay, a ] at ] in 1943. First I translated it into ], provided explanatory notes and annotations and published it in 1944 through the Pashto Academy. In 1961 five thousand copies of the original edition were published by the Publications and Translation Department. Due to the great demand for the book, the third edition was published in 1976 by the Pashto Development Board of the Ministry of Information and Culture. This edition contained a complete facisimile of the original hand-written manuscript. Since its publication 33 years ago different opinions have been expressed about this book and certain people have cast their doubts upon it. Some have said that I have composed the book while others have claimed that it was forged by ], son of ]. Such claims have been heard over the years, but unfortunately, the critics have not compiled any detailed or scholastic analyses of the work so that they may be studied, and if found refutable, commented upon scholastically. Scholars in the field have not discussed this book in detail so far. What has been written has been brief and expressions of doubts. No scholastic or positive criticism from the viewpoint of ] or ] has been provided so that the authenticity or forgery of words may be evaluated and the facts clarified."''<ref name="PK-19">{{Cite book|title=Pat̲a k̲h̲azana |last1=Hōtak|first1=Muḥammad|authorlink=|coauthors=ʻAbd al-Ḥayy Ḥabībī, Khushal Habibi|volume=|year=1997|publisher=]|location=]|isbn=0-7618-0265-7|page=19-20|pages=222|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=QsP9T48RnUEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref>|Abdul Hai Habibi|1977}}


== Literature == == Literature ==
⚫ *Khushal Habibi (translator): ''Hidden Treasure (Pata Khazana)''. ] 1997, ISBN 0-7618-0265-7 (in ] )

⚫ *Lucia Serena Loi: ''Il tesoro nascosto degli Afghani''. Il Cavaliere azzurro, Bologna 1987, ISBN 8885661211 (in ])
⚫ *Khushal Habibi (translator): ''Hidden Treasure (Pata Khazana)''. University Press of America 1997, ISBN 0-7618-0265-7
*]: ''Paṭah khazānah fī al-mīzān''. Da Chāp Zạy, Peshawar 1988 (in Pashto )
⚫ *Lucia Serena Loi: ''Il tesoro nascosto degli Afghani''. Il Cavaliere azzurro, Bologna 1987, ISBN 88-85661-21-1 (in Italian)
*Qalandar Mohmand: ''Pata ckazāna fi'l mīzān''. Da chap jae, Peshawar 1988 (in Pashto)

⚫ ==External links==
*


== References == == References ==
{{Reflist}}


⚫ == External links ==
<references/>
*


{{Pashto literature}}
] ]


Revision as of 12:39, 28 August 2012

Pata Khazana (Template:Lang-ps – "Hidden Treasure", alternative transcriptions: Peta Khazāna, Pota Khazana, Pata Xazāna) is a Pashto language manuscript claimed to be first compiled during the Hotaki dynasty (1709-1738) in Kandahar, Afghanistan. In 1944, Abdul Hai Habibi, a prominent Afghan scholar from Kandahar, made his first claim about discovering an 1886 hand-written copy of this manuscript in his first edition book Pata Khazana.

According to Habibi, the script contains an anthology of Pashto poetry, which precedes the earliest known pieces of Pashto literature by a couple of hundred years. The claimed discovery of the script caused some controversy about its genuineness since 1968 and some leading scholars of Iranology consider it a 20th century forgery. In 1997, Khushal Habibi translated Pata Khazana into the English language by naming it the Hidden Treasure.

Overview

The Afghan historian and scholar Habibi claimed to have an old hand-written Pata Khazana manuscript in 1943, wbich was given to him by a man named Abdul Ali Akhundzada Khaalozay Kakarr. He professed that the script be an 1886 edition of an anthology of Pashto poetry that was originally written in 1729 by Mohammad bin Daud bin Qader Khan Hotak under the patronage of Shah Hussain Hotaki, the last Ghilzai ruler of the Hotaki dynasty. The Hotakis were keenly interested in promoting Pashtun culture and Pashto literature. Nazo Tokhi (Nazo Anaa), mother of Mir Wais Hotak and grandmother of Shah Hussein Hotaki, was a Pashtun female poet and a literary figure of the Pashto language.

The anthology is a compilation of works of hitherto obscure poets dating back to the eighth century. For example, the earliest Pashto poet mentioned in Pata Khazana is a folk hero-king Amir Kror Suri (d. 771 AD). Habibi published the manuscript as a facsimile in 1975 but never made the original document available to the public. The first translation into a European language appeared in 1987, written by the Italian Lucia Serena Loi. In 1997, Khushal Habibi translated the Pashto work into the English language and has written a book titled Hidden Treasure.

It is believed that on November 22, 2003, an article by Magda Katona appeared in Magyar Nemzet Magazin of Budapest, Hungary, in which the author explained that a manuscript of Pata Khazana is preseved in the Armin Vambery Collection of the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The news article claimed that a copy of Pata Khazana was obtained by Armin Vambery from Afghan Emir Mohammad Yaqub Khan of Herat in around 1859.

Controversy over authenticity of Pata Khazana manuscript

Pata Khazana has been questioned by several Western scholars for lacking strong evidence. Loi considers the manuscript a forgery of the late 19th century, while the Iranologist David Neil MacKenzie concludes from the anachronisms that the document was fabricated only shortly before its claimed discovery in 1944. MacKenzie's central argument refers to the use of the modern Pashto letters Dze (ځ ) and Nur (ڼ ) throughout the script. These letters were only introduced into the Pashto alphabet in 1936 when the Afghan government reformed the Pashto orthography. The two letters have never been found simultaneously in any genuine manuscript before 1935.

Habibi responded to his critics in 1977 by stating:

"I obtained the hand-written manuscript with the help of the late Abdul Ali Khanozay, a Kakkar at Psheen in 1943. First I translated it into Persian, provided explanatory notes and annotations and published it in 1944 through the Pashto Academy. In 1961 five thousand copies of the original edition were published by the Publications and Translation Department. Due to the great demand for the book, the third edition was published in 1976 by the Pashto Development Board of the Ministry of Information and Culture. This edition contained a complete facisimile of the original hand-written manuscript. Since its publication 33 years ago different opinions have been expressed about this book and certain people have cast their doubts upon it. Some have said that I have composed the book while others have claimed that it was forged by Shah Hussain, son of Haji Mirwais Khan. Such claims have been heard over the years, but unfortunately, the critics have not compiled any detailed or scholastic analyses of the work so that they may be studied, and if found refutable, commented upon scholastically. Scholars in the field have not discussed this book in detail so far. What has been written has been brief and expressions of doubts. No scholastic or positive criticism from the viewpoint of linguistics or etymology has been provided so that the authenticity or forgery of words may be evaluated and the facts clarified."

— Abdul Hai Habibi, 1977

Literature

  • Khushal Habibi (translator): Hidden Treasure (Pata Khazana). University Press of America 1997, ISBN 0-7618-0265-7 (in English )
  • Lucia Serena Loi: Il tesoro nascosto degli Afghani. Il Cavaliere azzurro, Bologna 1987, ISBN 8885661211 (in Italian)
  • Qalandar Momand: Paṭah khazānah fī al-mīzān. Da Chāp Zạy, Peshawar 1988 (in Pashto )

References

  1. "Pata Khazana" (pdf). Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  2. "How, Where and Who Discovered The Hidden Treasure (Pata Khazana)". Pre-1984. Retrieved 2012-08-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ Hōtak, Muḥammad (1997). Pat̲a k̲h̲azana. United States: University Press of America. p. 30. ISBN 0-7618-0265-7. Retrieved 2010-09-27. {{cite book}}: More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help) Cite error: The named reference "Hotak" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ Hōtak, Muḥammad (1997). Pat̲a k̲h̲azana. United States: University Press of America. p. vii (Preface). ISBN 0-7618-0265-7. Retrieved 2010-09-27. {{cite book}}: More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  5. Hōtak, Muḥammad (1997). Pat̲a k̲h̲azana. United States: University Press of America. p. 222. ISBN 0761802657, 9780761802655. Retrieved 2010-09-27. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Hōtak, Muḥammad (1997). Pat̲a k̲h̲azana. United States: University Press of America. p. 19-20. ISBN 0-7618-0265-7. Retrieved 2010-09-27. {{cite book}}: More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. Hōtak, Muḥammad (1997). Pat̲a k̲h̲azana. United States: University Press of America. p. 1. ISBN 0-7618-0265-7. Retrieved 2010-09-27. {{cite book}}: More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  8. "Pata Khazana". Retrieved 2010-09-28.
  9. Lucia Serena Loi: Il tesoro nascosto degli Afghani. Il Cavaliere azzurro, Bologna 1987, p. 33
  10. David Neil MacKenzie: David N. Mackenzie: The Development of the Pashto Script. In: Shirin Akiner (Editor): Languages and Scripts of Central Asia. School of Oriental and African Studies, Univ. of London, London 1997, ISBN 9780728602724. p. 142

External links

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