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Thanjavur Tanjore
Municipality
View of the Brihadeeswarar Temple
Country	India
State	Tamil Nadu
Region	Chola Nadu
District	Thanjavur
Government
• Chairperson	Savithri Gopal
Area
• Municipality	36 km (14 sq mi)
Elevation	88 m (289 ft)
Population
• Municipality	222,619
• Density	6,200/km (16,000/sq mi)
• Metro	290,732
Languages
• Official	Tamil
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	613 xxx
Telephone code	04362
Vehicle registration	TN 49
Website	www.municipality.tn.gov.in

Thanjavur, formerly Tanjore, is a municipality and the headquarters of the Thanjavur District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Scholars believe the name Thanjavur to have been derived from "Tanjan", a legendary asura in Hindu mythology. While the early history of Thanjavur remains unclear, the city first rose to prominence during the reign of the Medieval Cholas when it served as the capital of the Chola empire. After the fall of the Cholas, the city was ruled by various dynasties like Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Madurai Nayaks, Thanjavur Nayaks, Thanjavur Marathas and the British. It has been a part of independent India since 1947.

Thanjavur is an important center of South Indian art and architecture. Most of the Great Living Chola Temples which are UNESCO World Heritage Monuments are located in and around Thanjavur. The foremost among the Great Living Chola temples, the Brihadeeswara Temple, is located in the center of the city. Thanjavur is also the home of the Tanjore painting, a painting style unique to the region. The city is an important agricultural center located at the heart of the region, known as the "Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu". South Zone Culture Centre in Thanjavur is one of many regional cultural centres established by Indian Government to preserve and promote traditional cultural heritage of India. It had a population of a 2,90,732 in 2011.

Thanjavur is well-connected by roads and railways with other parts of India and with cities and towns in Tamil Nadu. The nearest airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport located at a distance of 56 kilometres. The nearest seaport is Nagapattinam which is 84 kilometres (52 mi) from Thanjavur.

Etymology

The name Thanjavur is believed to have been derived from "Tanjan", an asura in Hindu mythology, who is believed to have been killed at this spot by the Hindu god Vishnu. Also the name is believed to have been derived from Than-sei-oor, it means the place is surrounded by rivers and green paddy fields. The name also may have come from the word seeking asylum (Thanjam) as the Chola king Karikalan had to shift the capital as sea inundated their capital city Poompuhar.

History

There are no references to Thanjavur in any of the Sangam period records though some scholars believe that the city has been existing since then. Kovil Venni, situated at a distance of 15 miles to the east of Thanjavur, was the site of the Battle of Venni between Karikala and a confederacy of the Cheras and the Pandyas. The Cholas seemed to have faced an invasion of the Kalabhras in the 3rd century AD after which the kingdom faded into obscurity. The region around the present-day Thanjavur was conquered by the Mutharayars in the 6th century CE and ruled up to 849 AD.

The Chola Empire 850-1279 AD

The Cholas came once more into prominence through the rise of the Medieval Chola monarch Vijayalaya in about 850 AD. Vijayalaya conquered Thanjavur from mutharayar king Elango Mutharayar and built a temple to the Hindu goddess Nisumbhasudani at this place. His son Aditya I consolidated their hold over the city. The Rashtrakuta king Krishna II, a contemporary of the Chola king Parantaka I claims to have conquered Thanjavur but there exists no evidence to support his claim. Gradually, Thanjavur became the greatest and most important city in the Chola Empire and remained its capital till the construction of Gangaikonda Cholapuram in about 1025 AD.

During the first decade of the eleventh century AD, the Chola king Raja Raja Chola I constructed the Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur. The temple is considered to be one of the best specimens of South Indian temple architecture.

When the Chola Empire began to decline in the 13th century AD, the Pandyas from the south invaded and captured Thanjavur twice, the first in 1218-19 and the second in 1230. During the second invasion, the Chola king Rajaraja III was driven out of his kingdom and sought the help of the Hoysala king Narasimha to get it back. Thanjavur was eventually annexed along with the rest of the Chola kingdom by the Pandya king Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I in 1279 AD and the Chola kings were forced to accept the suzerainty of the Pandyas. The Pandyas ruled Thanjavur from 1279 AD to 1311 AD when their kingdom was raided and annexed by Malik Kafur and the forces of the Delhi Sultanate.

Medieval Period 1311-1679 AD

The Sultanate extend its authority directly over the conquered regions from 1311 to 1335 and then through the semi-independent Ma'bar Sultanate from 1335 to 1378. Starting from the 1350s, the Ma'bar Sultanate was steadily absorbed into the rising Vijayanagar Empire. Thanjavur is believed to have been conquered by Kampanna Udayar during his invasion of Srirangam between 1365 and 1371. Deva Raya's 1443 inscription, Thirumala's 1455 inscription and Achuta Deva's land grants dated 1532 and 1539 attest Vijayanagar's overlordship over Thanjavur.

Sevappa Nayak, the Vijayanagar viceroy of Arcot, established himself as an independent monarch in 1532 (1549, according to some sources) and founded the Thanjavur Nayak kingdom. Achuthappa Nayak, Raghunatha Nayak and Vijaya Raghava Nayak are some of the important rulers of the Nayak dynasty. The dynasty came to an end when Thanjavur fell to the Madurai Nayak king Chokkanatha Nayak in 1673. Vijaya Raghunatha Nayak was killed and Chokkanatha's brother Alagiri Nayak was installed as the ruler.Vijaya Raghunatha's son approached the Nawab of Bijapur for help. Thanjavur was successfully conquered in 1674 by Ekoji I, the Maratha feudatory of the Nawab of Bijapur and half-brother of Shivaji. Ekoji founded the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom which ruled Thanjavur till 1855.

The Marathas and the British

The Marathas exercized their sovereignty over Thanjavur throughout the last quarter of the 17th century and the whole of the 18th. The Maratha rulers patronized art and literature and played an active part in support of the British against the French in the Carnatic Wars. In 1787, Amar Singh, the regent of Thanjavur deposed the minor Raja, his nephew Serfoji II and captured the throne. Serfoji II was restored in 1799 with the assistance of the British who induced him to relinquish the administration of the kingdom and left him in charge of Thanjavur fort and surrounding areas alone. The kingdom was eventually absorbed into British India in 1855 by the Doctrine of Lapse when Shivaji, the last Thanjavur Maratha ruler, died without a legitimate male heir.

Five years after its annexation, the British replaced Negapatam (Nagaippatinam) with Tanjore (Thanjavur) as the seat of the district administration. Under the British, Tanjore emerged as an important regional centre. The 1871 India census recorded a population of 52,171, making Tanjore the third largest town in the Madras Presidency.

Geography and climate

Thanjavur is located at 10°48′N 79°09′E / 10.8°N 79.15°E / 10.8; 79.15 The tributaries of river Cauvery, namely, the Grand Anaicut Canal (Pudhaaru), Vadavaaru and Vennaaru rivers flow through the town. Thanjavur is situated in the Cauvery delta, at a distance of 314 kilometres (195 mi) south-west of Chennai and 56 kilometres (35 mi) east of Tiruchirappalli. While the plains immediately adjoining the Cauvery River have been under cultivation from time immemorial, most of Thanjavur town and the surrounding areas lie in the "New Delta" - a dry, barren upland tract which has only recently been brought under irrigation. To the south of Thanjavur town, is the Vallam tableland, a small plateau insterspersed at regular intervals by ridges of sandstone.

The nearest seaport in Nagapattinam which is 84 kilometres (52 mi) east of Thanjavur. The nearest airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport located at a distance of 56 kilometres. The town has an elevation of 57 metres above mean sea level. The total area of the city is 36 km.

The period from November to February are pleasant, with a climate full of warm days and cool nights. Summer onset is from March, with the mercury reaching its peak by the end of May and June. The average temperatures rang from 81 F in January to 97 F in May and June. Summer rains are sparse and the first monsoon, the South-West monsoon sets in June and continues till September. North-East monsoon sets in October and continues till January. The rainfall during South-west monsoon period is much lower than that of North-East monsoon. North-East monsoon is beneficial to the district at large because of the heavy rainfall and the Western ghats feeding the river Cauvery. The average rainfall is 46 inches, most of which is contributed by the North-East monsoon.

Nearby towns

• Orathanadu(Kallar Nadu) - 24 km South East,
• Pattukkottai - 40 km South East,
• Tiruchirappalli - 55 km West,
• Kumbakonam - 40 km North East,
• Thiruvaiyaru - 13 km North West,
• Tiruvarur - 58 km East,
• Nagappattinam - 84 km East,
• Mannargudi- 37 km East,
• Perambalur - 70 km North West,
• Vailankanni - 96 km East,
• Vedaranyam - 100 km South East,
• Pudukkottai - 55 km South

Tourism and culture

Thanjavur is an important pilgrim centre and a major tourist destination. There were 2,002,225 Indian and 81,435 foreign tourist arrivals in 2009.

The most visited monument in Thanjavur is the Brihadeeswarar Temple, whose construction, the historian Percy Brown described as "a landmark in the evolution of building art in South India".Built in the 11th century AD by the Medieval Chola king Raja Raja Chola I, the temple complex houses a granite shrine dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva and is surrounded by fortifications. The walls of the sanctum are covered with wall paintings from the Chola and Nayak periods.The temple was designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987 and is replicated in the Gangaikonda Cholesvarar Temple constructed by Raja Raja's son Rajendra Chola I.

The Thanjavur Maratha palace was the official residence of the Bhonsle family who ruled over the Thanjavur region from 1674 CE to 1855 CE. It was originally constructed by the rulers of Thanjavur Nayak kingdom, after whose fall served as the official residence of the Thanjavur Marathas. When most of the Thanjavur Maratha kingdom was annexed to the British Empire in 1799, the Thanjavur Marathas continued to hold sway over the palace and the surrounding fort. On the southern side of the third quadrangle is a tower like building, 190 feet tall with eight storeys, called the Goodagopuram.

The Saraswathi Mahal Library, established around 1700 CE and located in the premises of the palace, contains over 30,000 Indian and European manuscripts written on palm leaf and paper. Over eighty per cent of its manuscripts are in Sanskrit and many of them are on palm leaves. The Tamil works includes treatises on medicine, and commentaries on works from the Sangam period.

The Rajaraja Chola art gallery is inside the palace - it has a large collection of stone and bronze images from the 9th to 12th centuries. Most of the idols are brought from the various temples in the Thanjavur district.

The Sivaganga Park is situated to the east of the 11th century Brihadeeswarar Temple and encompasses the Sivaganga Tank believed to have been built by the king Raja Raja Chola. It was created as a people's park by the Tanjore municipality in 1871-72. It has a collection of plants, animals and birds and serves as a zoo for children within the town.

Schwartz Church is a historic monument located in the palace garden, was built in 1779 CE by Serfoji II in token of his affection for the Rev. C.V. Schwartz of the Danish Mission.

There are five museums in the town namely Archeological Museum, Tamil University Museum located with the Tamil University premises, the Saraswathi Mahal Library Museum located inside the Saraswathi Mahal Library, Nayak Durbar Hall Art Museum and Rajaraja Chola Museum.

Raja Rajan Manimandapam is also one of the tourist attractions in Thanjavur, built during the Thanjavur Tamil Conference in 1991.

The then "Sangeetha Mahal" has been converted to a handicrafts exhibition centre now which has handicrafts from local artisans. Thanjavur is the cradle for many of the arts and crafts in South India. Carnatic music as we know it today was codified in Thanjavur as was Bharathanatyam.

Sathaya Thiruvizha is the annual birthday festival of Raja Raja Chola held during October every year. Thanjavur is the base for the Tyagaraja Aradhana, a Carnatic music festival held annually during January - February at Thiruvaiyaru, located 13 km away from the town.

Thanjavur painting is a major form of classical South Indian painting from Thanjavur. It dates back to about 1600s, the period of Nayakas of Thanjavur, who encouraged art, classical dance, music literature, both in Telugu and Tamil. The art is usually a combination of raised and painted surfaces, with the Hindu god Krishna being the most popular depicted. In modern times, these paintings have become souvenirs of festive occasions in South India, pieces to decorate walls, and collectors' items for art lovers.

Economy

The major occupation of the inhabitants of the town is tourism and service oriented industry, while the traditional occupation is agriculture.

Thanjavur is known as the "Rice bowl of Tamil Nadu". Paddy is the crops and the other crops grown are Blackgram, Banana, Coconut, Gingelly, Ragi, Red gram, Green gram, Sugarcane and Maize. The total percentage of land fit for cultivation is 58%. There are three seasons for agriculture in Thanjavur - Kuruvai (June to September), Samba (August to January) and Thaladi (September, October to February, March). The total rice production has been maintained at 10.615 L.M.T and 7.077 L.M.T. The town acts as a focal point for food grains transported from the adjoining areas of the Cauvery Delta. Organic farming is gradually being known to the farmers of Thanjavur. In order to maximize agricultural produce organic farming is being implemented.

Thanjavur city is an important centre of silk weaving and manufacture of musical instruments. There were 200 silk-weaving units in the city in 1991 with around 80,000 people working in them. The sarees produced in the villages surrounding Thanjavur are sold in Thanjavur and neighbouring towns. Increasing production costs and competition from large scale producers have reduced the number of people involved in the production.

Demographics

Thanjavur is the 11th largest city in Tamil Nadu. As of the 2011 census, Thanjavur municipality had a population of 222,619 and the urban agglomeration had a population of 290,732. The municipality had a sex ratio of 1,037 females per 1,000 males and 8.3% of the population were under six years old.  Effective literacy was 91.48%; male literacy was 94.97% and female literacy was 88.14%. Tamil is the most widely spoken language, with the standard dialect being the Central Tamil dialect. Telugu, Thanjavur Marathi and  Saurashtra are other languages spoken. Thanjavur is the cultural and political center of the Thanjavur Marathi people.  While Hindus form the majority population, the town also has a substantial population of Muslims and Christians. Roman Catholics in Thanjavur are affiliated to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tanjore while Protestants are affiliated to the Trichy–Tanjore Diocese of the Church of South India. The workforce is predominantly involved in service industry involving trade and commerce. With the expansion of the town area, the opportunities for agriculture is limited and only 7% of population is involved in it.

Transport

Thanjavur, in modern times, is well-connected with Chennai, Coimbatore, Tirupur, Vellore, Erode, Tiruchirappalli, Madurai, Kumbakonam, Pattukkottai, Dindigul Pudukkottai, Tirunelveli, Bangalore, Ernakulam, Nagercoil, Tirupathi, Thiruvananthapuram, Ooty and through regular bus services. Previously, Thanjavur had a single bus terminus located at the heart of the city. The National Highways 67, 45C, 226 and 226 Extn pass through the city. An integrated bus terminus, called New Busstand has been constructed near the Serafoji College in order to handle the passenger traffic. Thanjavur also has a well-maintained sub-urban public transport system. Government and private buses operate frequently between the two bus termini and other towns and villages like Vallam, Budalur, Pillaiyarpatti, Vallam Pudursethi, Sengipatti,Vadakkur North and Kuruvadipatti.

Thanjavur is connected by rail with most important cities and towns in India. This district has 122.07 Kilometers of Broad gauge railway lines with 20 Railway stations connecting Thanjavur to Major centres in the state. There are daily trains from/to Chennai, Bangalore, Mysore, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Palakkad, Coimbatore, Erode, Tirupur, Tiruchirapalli, Salem, Karur, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Rameswaram, Tiruchendur, Dharmapuri and weekly trains to Tirupati, Visakhapatnam, Goa, Vijayawada, Nagpur, Jabalpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, Bhubaneshwar and to all main cities.

In the early 1990s, Thanjavur was connected with Chennai via the Vayudoot flight service, which was stopped due to poor patronage. A full fledged Air Force Station is operational at Thanjavur which stations several Fighter (aircraft) including Sukhoi jets. Thanjavur Air Force Station started functioning as a major air base by 2012, The base will be developed to handle Fighter, Transport aircraft and also Refuelling aircraft. The nearest Airport is Tiruchirapalli International Airport.

Administration and politics

The municipality of Tanjore was created in 1866 as a third grade municipality as per Town Improvements Act 1865 and initially consisted of 12 members. The number was increased to 18 in 1879 and 24 in 1883. In 1897, the members were empowered to elect a Municipal Chairperson to lead them. Tanjore was upgraded to a second grade municipality in 1933 and first grade in 1943. Since 1983, Thanjavur has been a special grade municipality. The municipality currently covers an area of 36.3 square kilometres (14.0 sq mi) and has a total of 51 members. The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: General, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, Town planning and the Computer Wing. All these departments are under the control of a Municipal Commissioner who is the supreme executive head. The legislative powers are vested in a body of 51 members, one each from the 21 wards. The legislative body is headed by an elected Chairperson assisted by a Deputy Chairperson.

The city of Thanjavur is represented in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly by one elected members, for Thanjavur constituency. M. Karunanidhi, who served as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for a record five terms, was elected from the Thanjavur assembly constituency in the 1962 elections. Thanjavur is also a part of the Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency and elects a member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, once every five years. The Lok Sabha seat has been held by the Indian National Congress for Seven terms (1952–57, 1957-62, 1962-1967, 1980-84, 1984–1989, 1989-91 and 1991-96), Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam for Seven terms (1967–71, 1971-77, 1996-98, 1998–99, 1999-04, 2004-09 and 2009–present)and All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam for one term (1977-80). R. Venkataraman, who served as the President of India from 1987 to 1992, was elected from the Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency in the 1951 elections. Indian politician S. S. Palanimanickam who is serving as Union Minister of State, Finance in the government of Dr.Manmohan singh, was elected to the Lok Sabha from Thanjavur in the 1996, 1998, 1999, 2004 and 2009 elections.

Education

Thanjavur is well known for its culture and education. Thanjavur has a total of 4 Universities as Tamil University, SASTRA University, PRIST University, Periyar Maniammai University. The Tamil University is a state run institute, started during 1981 and got the statutory recognition from the University Grants Commission in 1983. It is one of its kind for the Tamil language doing higher research in Tamilology and advanced study in various other allied branches like linguistics, translation, lexicography, music, drama and manuscriptology.

Thanjavur has a total of 15 Arts, Science & Management colleges and 9 Engineering Colleges in the City. Thanjavur have its own Medical College as Thanjavur Medical College which was established in 1959. The Paddy Processing Research Centre (PPRC) later became the Indian Institute of Crop Processing Technology (IICPT) in 2008 and is a hub for food processing research.

The Saraswati Mahal Library which dates back to the end of the 16th century and the Central Library managed by the district administration are the two most prominent libraries in the town.

There are 20 registered schools in Thanjavur, catering to the primary, secondary and higher secondary education. The Blake.Hr.Sec school,St. Peter’s school at Thanjavur was established by Rev. C F Schwartz in the year 1784. This was the first school in South India which taught English to the local populace. It was originally established as a college. St.Antony's Higher Secondary School, is one of the oldest schools in Thanjavur District. The school's history dates back to about 130 years and is run by the Diocese of Thanjavur. Christian Missionaries played a prominent role in promoting education in Thanjavur. Kalyanasundaram Hr. Sec School(KHSS) is also the oldest school in Thanjavur.

Entertainment and cinema

Major Parks

• Sivaganga Park
• Rajarajan Manimandapam
• Tamil Conference Memorial Tower at Tholkappiar Square

Cinema

• GV Studio City A/C DTS - a 5 Screen Multiplex

1. Shanthi A/C DTS
2. Kamala A/C DTS
3. Shivaji A/C DTS
4. Gee Vee A/C DTS
5. Gee Vee Gold A/C DTS

• AGS Multiplex (Proposed)
• Rajarajan A/C DTS
• Vijaya A/C DTS
• Jupiter A/C DTS
• Arul A/C DTS
• Yagappa 70mm DTS
• Raja Kalaiarangam
• Rani Paradise (AdLabs - Reliance)
• Thiruvalluvar
• Parveen
• Kumaran

Utility services

Electricity supply to Thanjavur is regulated and distributed by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB). Thanjavur falls under the Trichy region of the TNEB. Solid and liquid waste management are handled by the Thanjavur municipality. The treated sewage water is pumped into the Vadavar canal. Water supply to the town and its suburbs is also provided by the municipality. The town consumes about 31 million litres of water every day. The municipality's expenses for the year 2010-11 was Rs. 91.41 crores. The organisation has allocated a budget of Rs. 66.79 crores for the year 2011-12.

See also

• Maratha Empire
• Thanjavur Maratha kingdom
• Chola Nadu
• Thanjavur (Lok Sabha constituency)

Notes

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5. ^ Sastri, p 110
6. Sastri, p 448
7. Sastri, p 132
8. Sastri, p 422
9. Sastri, p 429
10. Vriddhagirisan, pp 9 - 28
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81. "Solid waste management". Thanjavur municipality. Retrieved 2012-06-31. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
82. ^ "Sewage treatmnent". Thanjavur municipality. Retrieved 2012-06-31. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
83. "Water supply". Thanjavur municipality. Retrieved 2012-06-31. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
84. ^ "Annual Budget" (PDF). Thanjavur municipality. Retrieved 2012-06-31. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

References

• Kathleen Gough (1981). Rural Society in Southeast India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-23889-2.
• Vriddhagirisan, V. (1942). The Nayaks of Tanjore. Annamalai University.
• Seshadri, E. K. (1998). Sri Brihadisvara, the great temple of Thanjavur. Nile Books.
• Mitchell, George (1995). Art and Architecture of Southern India: Vijayanagar and the Successor States 1350-1750. Cambridge University Press.
• Gupta, S.K. (1994). Career Education in India: The Institutes of Higher Learning. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-0-521-23889-2.
• Pletcher, Kenneth (2010). The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places. Encyclopædia Britannica. p. 195. ISBN 1-61530-202-6, ISBN 978-1-61530-202-4. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
• K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (2000) . The CōĻas. Madras: University of Madras. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
• Hemingway, F. R. Madras District Gazetteers: Tanjore.
• Pradeep Chakravarthy, Thanjavur - A Cultural History
• Photographic feat, Frontline, Volume 24 - Issue 10 :: May. 19-Jun. 01, 2007
• Ajanta of the South, Frontline, Volume 24 - Issue 10 :: May. 19-Jun. 01, 2007
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
• Mukhopadhyay, Arunendu (1990). Crops, Costs, and Variations: An Investigation Based on Farm Management Studies. Mittal Publications. ISBN 81-7099-247-8.
• Neill, Stephen (1985). A History of Christianity in India Vol. 2 (1707-1858). Cambridge University Press. p. 596. ISBN 0-521-30376-1.
• Singh, Sarina (2009), India, Australia: Lonely Planet, ABN 36-0005-607-983 {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help).
• Soundarapandian, Mookkiah (20002). Small Scale Industries: Problems of small-scale industries. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 81-7022-990-1. Retrieved 4 June 2012. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
• Various (2007), Tourist guide to Tamil Nadu, Chennai: T. Krishna Press, ISBN 81-7478-177-3.

External links

• Thanjavur at mongabay.com
• Temples of Thanjavur
•  Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914). The New Student's Reference Work. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

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v t e Thanjavur district
District headquarters	Thanjavur
Country	India
State	Tamil Nadu
Region	Chola Nadu
Divisions	Kumbakonam Pattukkottai Thanjavur
Taluks	Kumbakonam Orathanadu Papanasam Pattukkottai Peravurani Thanjavur Thiruvaiyaru Budalur Thiruvidaimarudur
Revenue blocks	Ammapettai Budalur Kumbakonam Madukkur Orathanadu Papanasam Pattukkottai Peravurani Sethubhavachatram Thanjavur Thiruppanandal Thiruvaiyaru Thiruvidaimarudur Thiruvonam
Municipal corporations	Thanjavur Kumbakonam
Municipalities	Pattukkottai Adirampattinam
Rivers	Arasalar Kaveri Kollidam
History	Early Cholas Kalabhra dynasty Pallava dynasty Medieval Cholas Later Cholas Later Pandyas Delhi Sultanate Madurai Sultanate Vijayanagara Empire Thanjavur Nayaks Thanjavur Marathas Company Raj British Raj
Places of interest	Adi Kumbeswarar Temple Airavatesvara Temple Aiyarappar temple Brihadeeswarar Temple Kalyanasundaresar Temple Kampaheswarar Temple Kanjanur Mahalingeswarar Temple Manora Fort Melattur Nachiyar Koil Nagore Dargah Poondi Madha Basilica Punnainallur Mariamman Samadhi of Bodhendra Saraswathi Sarangapani Temple Saraswathi Mahal Library Sivaganga Park Suryanar Kovil Swamimalai Murugan Temple Swetha Vinayagar Temple Thanjavur Maratha Palace Thingalur Uppiliappan Temple Vasishteswarar Temple Veetrirundha Perumal Temple
Religious and monastic institutions	Trichy-Tanjore Diocese of the Church of South India Roman Catholic Diocese of Kumbakonam Roman Catholic Diocese of Tanjore Sri Sankara Mutt Sri Sridhara Ayyaval Mutt Sri Vijayendra Mutt Sri Vittal Rukmini Samsthan Thiruppanandal Adheenam
Universities	Periyar Maniammai University SASTRA University PRIST University National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Tamil University
Cities and towns People Villages

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• Thanjavur
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