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Revision as of 01:27, 14 November 2012 editHijiri88 (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users37,390 edits Introduction is minuscule at the moment. The article's main problem is really that, while written in prose, it doesn't provide any useful context or information, and is essentially a list of publications.← Previous edit Revision as of 04:19, 29 November 2012 edit undoHijiri88 (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users37,390 edits →History: Adding numerous tags for questionable content. As an aside, this article has some TERRIBLE prose -- the word "known" is repeated 14 times!Next edit →
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==History== ==History==
The earliest known English-language tanka collection was Ida Henrietta Bean's ''Tanka'', in London, 1899{{citation needed|date=October 2012}}. The first North American tanka collection was ]'s ''Tanka : Poems in Exile,'' in 1923{{citation needed|date=October 2012}}. Tanka had been previously published in English by other authors, including ], who was better known as an art critic than poet. The first known anthology containing original English tanka was ''Tanka and Hokku'', edited by Edith Brown Mirick, in 1931. Tanka and related forms appeared in Clement Wood's ''Poets Handbook'' in 1946. The first known tanka-only original English anthology, ''Tanka : Contemporary Poets of Dorrance'', edited by Noel D'Arpajon, was published in 1948. The first known North American collection containing tanka in English written by a person not of Japanese descent was ''Blue Is the Iris'', by Eleanor Chaney Grubb, 1949. The earliest known English-language tanka collection was Ida Henrietta Bean's ''Tanka'', in London, 1899{{citation needed|date=October 2012}}. The first North American tanka collection was ]'s ''Tanka : Poems in Exile,'' in 1923{{citation needed|date=October 2012}}. Tanka had been previously published in English by other authors, including ], who was better known as an art critic than poet.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} The first known{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} anthology containing original English tanka was ''Tanka and Hokku'', edited by Edith Brown Mirick, in 1931.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} Tanka and related forms appeared in Clement Wood's ''Poets Handbook'' in 1946.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} The first known{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} tanka-only original English anthology, ''Tanka : Contemporary Poets of Dorrance'', edited by Noel D'Arpajon, was published in 1948.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} The first known{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} North American collection containing tanka in English written by a person not of Japanese descent was ''Blue Is the Iris'', by Eleanor Chaney Grubb, 1949.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}


Japanese Americans won the Imperial Poetry Contest several times during the 1940s, but the first person not of Japanese descent to win was Lucille Nixon in 1957. Her win garnered considerable media and diplomatic attention. An educator by profession, Nixon succeeded in getting tanka included in educational resources in California where she lived. Nixon had trained as part of the Totsukuni tankakai, which was founded in 1927 by Yoshihiko Tomari. She was tutored in Japanese and tanka by her housekeeper, Tomoe Tana, herself a previous winner of the Imperial Poetry Contest, and by Tomari. The journal of the Totsukuni tankakai published tanka in English as well as Japanese during the 1950s, making it the first known journal to publish tanka in English. The second known English-language journal to specifically include tanka was ''SCTH'' (Sonnet Cinquain Tanka Haiku) published from 1964 - 1980, edited by Foster and Rhoda de Long Jewell. Japanese Americans won the Imperial Poetry Contest{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} several times{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} during the 1940s{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}, but the first person not of Japanese descent to win was Lucille Nixon in 1957.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} Her win garnered considerable media and diplomatic attention.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} An educator by profession{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}, Nixon succeeded in getting tanka included in educational resources in California where she lived.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} Nixon had trained as part of the ''Totsukuni Tankakai''{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}, which was founded in 1927 by Yoshihiko Tomari.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} She was tutored in Japanese and tanka by her housekeeper, Tomoe Tana{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}, herself a previous winner of the Imperial Poetry Contest{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}, and by Tomari.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} The journal of the Totsukuni tankakai published tanka in English as well as Japanese during the 1950s{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}, making it the first known{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} journal to publish tanka in English. The second known{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} English-language journal to specifically include tanka was ''SCTH'' (Sonnet Cinquain Tanka Haiku) published from 1964 - 1980, edited by Foster and Rhoda de Long Jewell.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}


Tanka publication in English was sporadic until after ] when various ] tanka poets began publishing anthologies and collections in Japanese, English translation, and bi-lingual editions. These efforts apparently began immediately after the poets were released from internment camps in Canada and the United States, but the oldest known anthology in English is Tana and Nixon's ''Sounds from the Unknown,'' 1963, and the Kisaragi Poem Study Group's ''Maple : poetry by Japanese Canadians with English translation,'' 1972. (An earlier edition in 1964 may have been Japanese-only, and was inspired by the first Canadian to win the Imperial Poetry Contest.) Similar works continue to be published sporadically. In the United Kingdom, the first known English-language anthology was the ''Starving sparrow temple anthology : haiku, tanka, linked verse and other pieces'' edited by William E. Watt, 1971. (Japanese-only anthologies had been published in the United States starting in the 1920s and perhaps earlier.) By 1969, tanka was well-known enough that it started appearing in anthologies of student work published by public schools in the United States. Tanka publication in English was sporadic until after ]{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} when various ] tanka poets began publishing anthologies and collections in Japanese,{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} English translation,{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} and bi-lingual editions.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} These efforts apparently began immediately after the poets were released from internment camps in Canada and the United States{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}, but the oldest known{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} anthologies in English are Tana and Nixon's ''Sounds from the Unknown,'' 1963,{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} and the Kisaragi Poem Study Group's ''Maple : poetry by Japanese Canadians with English translation,'' 1972.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} (An earlier edition in 1964 may have been{{weasel-inline}} Japanese-only, and was inspired by{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} the first Canadian to win the Imperial Poetry Contest.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}) Similar works continue to be published sporadically.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} In the United Kingdom, the first known{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} English-language anthology was the ''Starving sparrow temple anthology : haiku, tanka, linked verse and other pieces'' edited by William E. Watt, 1971.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} (Japanese-only anthologies had been published in the United States starting in the 1920s and perhaps{{weasel-inline}} earlier.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}) By 1969, tanka was well-known enough that it started appearing in anthologies of student work published by public schools in the United States.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}


Tanka came to the attention of poets writing English-language ] in the 1980s, and during the 1990s some of the better known names in tanka and haiku publication, including Jane Reichhold, Michael McClintock, Sanford Goldstein, Michael Dylan Welch, Janice Bostok, Pat Shelley, Father ], and ], published tanka collections and anthologies, or mixed collections containing tanka, haiku and other forms. Though some tanka had been published in haiku magazines, with the out-pouring of tanka in ''Mirrors'' and the beginning of the ''Tanka Splendor'' Awards and resulting yearly anthologies by AHA Books, the interest in English tanka began to blossom. The publication of ''A Gift of Tanka'' by Jane Reichhold, of Sanford Goldstein's ''At the Hut of the Small Mind,''and of Lawrence's ''Shining Moments'' by AHA Books opened the way for more tanka books, as did Michael Dylan Welch's anthology ''Footsteps in the Fog'' and then Jane and Werner Reichhold's anthology ''Wind Five Folded''. ]'s ''The Love Poems of Marichiko'' was also published; originally presented as a translation from the Japanese, they were later shown to have been a hoax, the poems being Rexroth's own work. Tanka came to the attention of poets writing English-language ] in the 1980s{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}, and during the 1990s some of the better known names in tanka and haiku publication, including Jane Reichhold, Michael McClintock, Sanford Goldstein, Michael Dylan Welch, Janice Bostok, Pat Shelley, Father ], and ], published tanka collections and anthologies, or mixed collections containing tanka, haiku and other forms.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} Though some tanka had been published in haiku magazines, with the out-pouring of tanka in ''Mirrors'' and the beginning of the ''Tanka Splendor'' Awards and resulting yearly anthologies by AHA Books, the interest in English tanka began to blossom.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} The publication of ''A Gift of Tanka'' by Jane Reichhold, of Sanford Goldstein's ''At the Hut of the Small Mind'', and of Lawrence's ''Shining Moments'' by AHA Books opened the way for more tanka books, as did Michael Dylan Welch's anthology ''Footsteps in the Fog'' and then Jane and Werner Reichhold's anthology ''Wind Five Folded''.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} ]'s ''The Love Poems of Marichiko'' was also published; originally presented as a translation from the Japanese, they were later shown to have been a hoax, the poems being Rexroth's own work.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}


Some English tanka poets are also known for their ], ], and ]s. Most early English-language tanka appeared in journals that featured a variety of small poem forms (although the main American haiku magazines published only haiku and sometimes senryu). ''Lynx'' (co-editors Jane and Werner Reichhold) has since 1992 been an outlet for tanka and tanka sequences in print and now online.<ref></ref> Michael Dylan Welch's ''Woodnotes'' journal also published tanka prominently, starting in 1990 and continuing through to its last issue in 1997, and also published winners of the annual tanka contest run by the Haiku Poets of Northern California. The HPNC tanka contest, along with the Tanka Splendor contest, was one of the earliest contests for English-language tanka and is still continuing. Some English tanka poets are also known for their ], ], and ]s.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} Most early English-language tanka appeared in journals that featured a variety of small poem forms (although the main American haiku magazines published only haiku and sometimes senryu).{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} ''Lynx'' (co-editors Jane and Werner Reichhold) has since 1992 been an outlet for tanka and tanka sequences in print and now online.<ref></ref> Michael Dylan Welch's ''Woodnotes'' journal also published tanka prominently{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}, starting in 1990{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} and continuing through to its last issue in 1997{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}, and also published winners of the annual tanka contest run by the Haiku Poets of Northern California.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} The HPNC tanka contest, along with the Tanka Splendor contest, was one of the earliest contests for English-language tanka and is still continuing.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}


Tanka journals were published in the United States in Japanese starting in the 1920s. Bilingual English-Japanese journals were published in the 1950s. Only recently have there been journals devoted exclusively to tanka in English, including '']'' (1996) in the United States, edited by Laura Maffei and ''Tangled Hair'' in Britain, edited by John Barlow. The first English-language tanka journal, ''Five Lines Down,'' began in 1994, edited by Sanford Goldstein and Kenneth Tanemura, but lasted only a few issues. Tanka journals were published in the United States in Japanese starting in the 1920s.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} Bilingual English-Japanese journals were published in the 1950s. Only recently have there been journals devoted exclusively to tanka in English, including '']'' (1996) in the United States, edited by Laura Maffei and ''Tangled Hair'' in Britain, edited by John Barlow.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} The first{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} English-language tanka journal, ''Five Lines Down,'' began in 1994, edited by Sanford Goldstein and Kenneth Tanemura, but lasted only a few issues. {{citation needed|date=November 2012}}


The Tanka Chapter of the Chaparral Poets of California was operating in the early 60s, as mentioned in the Introduction to ''Sounds from the Unknown'' (1963), but it is not known whether they published a journal. They published an anthology in 1975, entitled simply, ''Tanka.'' The Tanka Chapter is no longer extant.<ref name="tc1"> at Tanka Central, 2011.</ref> The Tanka Society of America was founded by Michael Dylan Welch in April 2000, when he invited numerous participants to the inaugural meeting at Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois.<ref> Interview with Michael Dylan Welch</ref> This society now publishes the tanka journal ''Ribbons.'' Tanka Canada also publishes a journal titled ''Gusts,'' and the Anglo-Japanese Tanka Society (UK) hosts a web site with tanka and articles. The Tanka Chapter of the Chaparral Poets of California was operating in the early 1960s, as mentioned in the Introduction to ''Sounds from the Unknown'' (1963), but it is not known{{by whom}}{{weasel-inline}} whether they published a journal.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} They published an anthology in 1975, entitled simply, ''Tanka.'' The Tanka Chapter is no longer extant.<ref name="tc1"> at Tanka Central, 2011.</ref> The Tanka Society of America was founded by Michael Dylan Welch in April 2000, when he invited numerous participants to the inaugural meeting at Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois.<ref> Interview with Michael Dylan Welch</ref> This society now publishes the tanka journal ''Ribbons''. Tanka Canada also publishes a journal titled ''Gusts,'' and the Anglo-Japanese Tanka Society (UK) hosts a web site with tanka and articles.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}


Tanka publication expanded through the 1990s with the establishment of additional journals, online forums, and contests such as the ''Tanka Splendor'' Awards, but broadened in the early 21st century with the establishment of several tanka organizations working in English, and a proliferation of international sources. Various special-interest tanka groups have also sprouted, such as "Mountain Home," named for the English translation of the title of the famous collection of ]'s waka, the ''Sanka Shu'' ("Mountain Home Collection"). The number of literary journals (print and web) that regularly publish tanka in English now numbers in excess of twenty. Tanka publication expanded through the 1990s with the establishment of additional journals, online forums, and contests such as the ''Tanka Splendor'' Awards{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}, but broadened in the early 21st century with the establishment of several tanka organizations working in English, and a proliferation of international sources.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} Various special-interest tanka groups have also sprouted, such as "Mountain Home," named for the English translation of the title of the famous collection of ]'s waka, the ''Sanka Shu'' ("Mountain Home Collection").{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} The number of literary journals (both print and online) that regularly publish tanka in English now numbers in excess of twenty.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}


Throughout most of its history, English-language tanka has focused on the individual tanka, but Fujita sequenced ''Tanka : Poems in Exile'' (1923), making it the first known tanka sequence in English, as well as the first book length sequence. The 1946 ''Poets Handbook'' listed forms such as 'double tanka' that extended the length of tanka, but conceptualized it as a long poem, rather than as a 'sequence' as that term is generally understood.<ref name="tc1"/> The Tanka Chapter of the Chaparral Poets of California experimented with short sequences in their anthology, ''Tanka'' (1975). Sequences appeared in ''Japan : Theme and Variations : A Collection of Poems by Americans'', edited by Charles E. Tuttle (1959). ''Fire Pearls : Short Masterpieces of the Human Heart'', edited by M. Kei (2006), and ''The Five-Hole Flute : Modern English Tanka in Sets and Sequences'' (2006) edited by Denis M. Garrison and Michael McClintock, are the first sequenced anthologies. Sanford Goldstein pioneered work in tanka sequences, and ''Lynx'' under the Reichholds encouraged 'symbiotic' poetry (multi-author, multi-form poetry), including sequences and responsive tanka. Sequences were also included as part of the Tanka Splendor Awards. Throughout most of its history, English-language tanka has focused on the individual tanka, but Fujita sequenced ''Tanka : Poems in Exile'' (1923), making it the first known{{by whom}} tanka sequence in English, as well as the first book length sequence.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} The 1946 ''Poets Handbook'' listed forms such as 'double tanka' that extended the length of tanka, but conceptualized it as a long poem, rather than as a 'sequence' as that term is generally understood.<ref name="tc1"/> The "Tanka" chapter of the Chaparral Poets of California experimented with short sequences in their anthology, ''Tanka'' (1975).{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} Sequences appeared in ''Japan : Theme and Variations : A Collection of Poems by Americans'', edited by Charles E. Tuttle (1959).{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} ''Fire Pearls : Short Masterpieces of the Human Heart'', edited by M. Kei (2006), and ''The Five-Hole Flute : Modern English Tanka in Sets and Sequences'' (2006) edited by Denis M. Garrison and Michael McClintock, are the first{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} sequenced anthologies.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} Sanford Goldstein pioneered{{peacock term}} work in tanka sequences{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}, and ''Lynx'' under the Reichholds encouraged "symbiotic" poetry (multi-author, multi-form poetry){{citation needed|date=November 2012}}, including sequences and responsive tanka.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} Sequences were also included as part of the Tanka Splendor Awards.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}}


==Notable publications== ==Notable publications==

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The composition of tanka in English has been less prominent than that of English-language haiku, but it has a history dating back at least one hundred years. While translations into English of classic Japanese tanka (traditionally known as waka) date back at least to the earliest translation of the Hyakunin Isshu in the Bakumatsu era, this article focuses on original English compositions.

History

The earliest known English-language tanka collection was Ida Henrietta Bean's Tanka, in London, 1899. The first North American tanka collection was Jun Fujita's Tanka : Poems in Exile, in 1923. Tanka had been previously published in English by other authors, including Sadakichi Hartmann, who was better known as an art critic than poet. The first known anthology containing original English tanka was Tanka and Hokku, edited by Edith Brown Mirick, in 1931. Tanka and related forms appeared in Clement Wood's Poets Handbook in 1946. The first known tanka-only original English anthology, Tanka : Contemporary Poets of Dorrance, edited by Noel D'Arpajon, was published in 1948. The first known North American collection containing tanka in English written by a person not of Japanese descent was Blue Is the Iris, by Eleanor Chaney Grubb, 1949.

Japanese Americans won the Imperial Poetry Contest several times during the 1940s, but the first person not of Japanese descent to win was Lucille Nixon in 1957. Her win garnered considerable media and diplomatic attention. An educator by profession, Nixon succeeded in getting tanka included in educational resources in California where she lived. Nixon had trained as part of the Totsukuni Tankakai, which was founded in 1927 by Yoshihiko Tomari. She was tutored in Japanese and tanka by her housekeeper, Tomoe Tana, herself a previous winner of the Imperial Poetry Contest, and by Tomari. The journal of the Totsukuni tankakai published tanka in English as well as Japanese during the 1950s, making it the first known journal to publish tanka in English. The second known English-language journal to specifically include tanka was SCTH (Sonnet Cinquain Tanka Haiku) published from 1964 - 1980, edited by Foster and Rhoda de Long Jewell.

Tanka publication in English was sporadic until after World War II when various Japanese North American tanka poets began publishing anthologies and collections in Japanese, English translation, and bi-lingual editions. These efforts apparently began immediately after the poets were released from internment camps in Canada and the United States, but the oldest known anthologies in English are Tana and Nixon's Sounds from the Unknown, 1963, and the Kisaragi Poem Study Group's Maple : poetry by Japanese Canadians with English translation, 1972. (An earlier edition in 1964 may have been Japanese-only, and was inspired by the first Canadian to win the Imperial Poetry Contest.) Similar works continue to be published sporadically. In the United Kingdom, the first known English-language anthology was the Starving sparrow temple anthology : haiku, tanka, linked verse and other pieces edited by William E. Watt, 1971. (Japanese-only anthologies had been published in the United States starting in the 1920s and perhaps earlier.) By 1969, tanka was well-known enough that it started appearing in anthologies of student work published by public schools in the United States.

Tanka came to the attention of poets writing English-language haiku in the 1980s, and during the 1990s some of the better known names in tanka and haiku publication, including Jane Reichhold, Michael McClintock, Sanford Goldstein, Michael Dylan Welch, Janice Bostok, Pat Shelley, Father Neal Lawrence, and George Swede, published tanka collections and anthologies, or mixed collections containing tanka, haiku and other forms. Though some tanka had been published in haiku magazines, with the out-pouring of tanka in Mirrors and the beginning of the Tanka Splendor Awards and resulting yearly anthologies by AHA Books, the interest in English tanka began to blossom. The publication of A Gift of Tanka by Jane Reichhold, of Sanford Goldstein's At the Hut of the Small Mind, and of Lawrence's Shining Moments by AHA Books opened the way for more tanka books, as did Michael Dylan Welch's anthology Footsteps in the Fog and then Jane and Werner Reichhold's anthology Wind Five Folded. Kenneth Rexroth's The Love Poems of Marichiko was also published; originally presented as a translation from the Japanese, they were later shown to have been a hoax, the poems being Rexroth's own work.

Some English tanka poets are also known for their haiku, senryū, and cinquains. Most early English-language tanka appeared in journals that featured a variety of small poem forms (although the main American haiku magazines published only haiku and sometimes senryu). Lynx (co-editors Jane and Werner Reichhold) has since 1992 been an outlet for tanka and tanka sequences in print and now online. Michael Dylan Welch's Woodnotes journal also published tanka prominently, starting in 1990 and continuing through to its last issue in 1997, and also published winners of the annual tanka contest run by the Haiku Poets of Northern California. The HPNC tanka contest, along with the Tanka Splendor contest, was one of the earliest contests for English-language tanka and is still continuing.

Tanka journals were published in the United States in Japanese starting in the 1920s. Bilingual English-Japanese journals were published in the 1950s. Only recently have there been journals devoted exclusively to tanka in English, including American Tanka (1996) in the United States, edited by Laura Maffei and Tangled Hair in Britain, edited by John Barlow. The first English-language tanka journal, Five Lines Down, began in 1994, edited by Sanford Goldstein and Kenneth Tanemura, but lasted only a few issues.

The Tanka Chapter of the Chaparral Poets of California was operating in the early 1960s, as mentioned in the Introduction to Sounds from the Unknown (1963), but it is not known whether they published a journal. They published an anthology in 1975, entitled simply, Tanka. The Tanka Chapter is no longer extant. The Tanka Society of America was founded by Michael Dylan Welch in April 2000, when he invited numerous participants to the inaugural meeting at Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois. This society now publishes the tanka journal Ribbons. Tanka Canada also publishes a journal titled Gusts, and the Anglo-Japanese Tanka Society (UK) hosts a web site with tanka and articles.

Tanka publication expanded through the 1990s with the establishment of additional journals, online forums, and contests such as the Tanka Splendor Awards, but broadened in the early 21st century with the establishment of several tanka organizations working in English, and a proliferation of international sources. Various special-interest tanka groups have also sprouted, such as "Mountain Home," named for the English translation of the title of the famous collection of Saigyo's waka, the Sanka Shu ("Mountain Home Collection"). The number of literary journals (both print and online) that regularly publish tanka in English now numbers in excess of twenty.

Throughout most of its history, English-language tanka has focused on the individual tanka, but Fujita sequenced Tanka : Poems in Exile (1923), making it the first known tanka sequence in English, as well as the first book length sequence. The 1946 Poets Handbook listed forms such as 'double tanka' that extended the length of tanka, but conceptualized it as a long poem, rather than as a 'sequence' as that term is generally understood. The "Tanka" chapter of the Chaparral Poets of California experimented with short sequences in their anthology, Tanka (1975). Sequences appeared in Japan : Theme and Variations : A Collection of Poems by Americans, edited by Charles E. Tuttle (1959). Fire Pearls : Short Masterpieces of the Human Heart, edited by M. Kei (2006), and The Five-Hole Flute : Modern English Tanka in Sets and Sequences (2006) edited by Denis M. Garrison and Michael McClintock, are the first sequenced anthologies. Sanford Goldstein pioneered work in tanka sequences, and Lynx under the Reichholds encouraged "symbiotic" poetry (multi-author, multi-form poetry), including sequences and responsive tanka. Sequences were also included as part of the Tanka Splendor Awards.

Notable publications

  • Conforti, Gerard John. Now That the Night Ends. Gualala, California: AHA Books and Chant Press, 1996
  • Goldstein, Sanford. Four Decades on my Tanka Road. Baltimore, MD: Modern English Tanka Press, 2007
  • Lawrence, Neal Henry. Rushing Amid Tears. Tokyo, Japan: Eichosha Shinsha, 1983
  • McClintock, Michael, Pamela Miller Ness and Jim Kacian, eds., The Tanka Anthology: 800 of the Best Tanka in English by 68 of Its Finest Practitioners, Winchester, VA, Red Moon Press 2003 ISBN 1-893959-40-6
  • Reichhold, Jane. A Gift of Tanka. Gualala, California: AHA Books, 1990
  • Reichhold, Jane, and Reichhold, Werner, eds. Wind Five Folded: An Anthology of English-Language Tanka. Gualala, California: AHA Books, 1994

Online

References

  1. Homepage of AHApoetry.com
  2. ^ 'A History of Tanka in English Pt I : The North American Foundation, 1899 - 1985' at Tanka Central, 2011.
  3. A Chat about Tanka. Interview with Michael Dylan Welch

External links

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