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'''Hebephilia''' is one of several types of ] (a preference for a sexual partner who appears to be of a specific age), in this case a primary or exclusive sexual interest in ] individuals approximately 11–14 years old. Hebephilia differs from ], which refers to the sexual preference for individuals in later ],<ref name = Krafft>{{cite book | last = Krafft-Ebing | first = R | authorlink = Richard von Krafft-Ebing | coauthors = Moll A | year = 1924 | title = Psychopathia Sexualis, with Especial Reference to the Antipathic Sexual Instinct; a Medico-Forensic Study | location = Stuttgart | publisher = Ferdinand Enke }}</ref> and from ], which refers to the sexual preference for prepubescent children.<ref name = Krafft/> The onset of puberty varies from child to child, but, on average, girls begin the process of puberty at age 10 or 11; boys at age 11 or 12.<ref name=Kail>{{cite book | last = Kail | first = RV | coauthors = Cavanaugh JC | title = Human Development: A Lifespan View | isbn = 0495600377 | publisher = ] | year = 2010 | pages = | edition = 5th}}</ref> While individuals with a sexual preference for adults may have some sexual interest in pubescent-aged individuals,<ref>{{cite pmid | 4714830 }}</ref> true hebephilia is characterized by a preference of pubescent rather than adult partners. '''Hebephilia''' is one of several types of ] (a preference for a sexual partner who appears to be of a specific age), in this case a primary or exclusive sexual interest in ] individuals approximately 11–14 years old. Hebephilia differs from ], which refers to the sexual preference for individuals in later ],<ref name = Krafft>{{cite book | last = Krafft-Ebing | first = R | authorlink = Richard von Krafft-Ebing | coauthors = Moll A | year = 1924 | title = Psychopathia Sexualis, with Especial Reference to the Antipathic Sexual Instinct; a Medico-Forensic Study | location = Stuttgart | publisher = Ferdinand Enke }}</ref> and from ], which refers to the sexual preference for prepubescent children.<ref name = Krafft/> The onset of puberty varies from child to child, but, on average, girls begin the process of puberty at age 10 or 11; boys at age 11 or 12.<ref name=Kail>{{cite book | last = Kail | first = RV | coauthors = Cavanaugh JC | title = Human Development: A Lifespan View | isbn = 0495600377 | publisher = ] | year = 2010 | pages = | edition = 5th}}</ref> While individuals with a sexual preference for adults may have some sexual interest in pubescent-aged individuals,<ref>{{cite pmid | 4714830 }}</ref> true hebephilia is characterized by a preference of pubescent rather than adult partners.


] and a number of his colleagues from the ] found that ]s could be separated into groups by victim age preference on the basis of ] response patterns. They noted that the DSM-5 could account for these data such as by subdividing the existing diagnosis of pedophilia into hebephilia and a more narrow definition of pedophilia.<ref name=Blanchard>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9}}</ref> The proposed addition to the DSM V was criticized by ],<ref name=green/> ],<ref name=jaapl>{{cite pmid | 21389170 }}</ref> ], an editor of the ],<ref name=jaapl/><ref name=cpn/> ],<ref name="franklin"/> ],<ref name=moser/> ],<ref name=Donohue/> and other mental health professionals. ] and a number of his colleagues from the ] found that ]s could be separated into groups by victim age preference on the basis of ] response patterns. They noted that the DSM-5 could account for these data such as by subdividing the existing diagnosis of pedophilia into hebephilia and a more narrow definition of pedophilia.<ref name=Blanchard>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9}}</ref> The proposed addition to the DSM V was criticized by ],<ref name=green/> ],<ref name=jaapl>{{cite pmid | 21389170 }}</ref> ], an editor of the ],<ref name=jaapl/><ref name=cpn/> ],<ref name=Franklin/> ],<ref name=moser/> ],<ref name=Donohue/> and other mental health professionals.


==Etiology== ==Etiology==
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Blanchard's article attracted a several responses. Clinical psychologist Joseph Plaud criticized the study for lacking a ]s of post-pubescent and normal patterns of male sexual arousal, overlap between groups Blanchard believed were separate, and lack of specificity in the data.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9423-0}}</ref> Blanchard replied that the initial publication used sex offenders who had committed crimes against post-pubescent adults as a control group, and that the results supported victim age preferences being a ] rather than ].<ref name = Blanchardreply>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9427-9}}</ref> Blanchard's article attracted a several responses. Clinical psychologist Joseph Plaud criticized the study for lacking a ]s of post-pubescent and normal patterns of male sexual arousal, overlap between groups Blanchard believed were separate, and lack of specificity in the data.<ref>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9423-0}}</ref> Blanchard replied that the initial publication used sex offenders who had committed crimes against post-pubescent adults as a control group, and that the results supported victim age preferences being a ] rather than ].<ref name = Blanchardreply>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9427-9}}</ref>


The article also attracted criticism from ] ],<ref name=green>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-010-9602-7}}</ref> ] ],<ref name="franklin">{{cite doi|10.1002/bsl.934}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9425-y}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-010-9616-1}}</ref> and physician ],<ref name=moser>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9436-8}}</ref> while psychologist ] argue that the proposal does not go far enough.<ref name=Donohue>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-010-9604-5}}</ref> Blanchard replied to these concerns.<ref name = Blanchardreply/><ref>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-010-9610-7}}</ref> The article also attracted criticism from ] ],<ref name=green>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-010-9602-7}}</ref> ] ],<ref name=Franklin>{{cite doi|10.1002/bsl.934}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9425-y}}</ref><ref>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-010-9616-1}}</ref> and physician ],<ref name=moser>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9436-8}}</ref> while psychologist ] argue that the proposal does not go far enough.<ref name=Donohue>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-010-9604-5}}</ref> Blanchard replied to these concerns.<ref name = Blanchardreply/><ref>{{cite doi|10.1007/s10508-010-9610-7}}</ref>


Professor of ] Jerome Wakefield described the inclusion as an inappropriate extension of the existing well-validated category of pedophilia, which would carry significant risk of ], and ignored the large qualitative distinctions between prepubescent children and sexually mature pubescents. He summarized his discussion with the statement "it appears that the hebephilia proposal is one where criminality and social disapproval are being confused with mental disorder."<ref name = Wakefield/> Professor of ] Jerome Wakefield described the inclusion as an inappropriate extension of the existing well-validated category of pedophilia, which would carry significant risk of ], and ignored the large qualitative distinctions between prepubescent children and sexually mature pubescents. He summarized his discussion with the statement "it appears that the hebephilia proposal is one where criminality and social disapproval are being confused with mental disorder."<ref name = Wakefield/>

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Hebephilia is one of several types of chronophilia (a preference for a sexual partner who appears to be of a specific age), in this case a primary or exclusive sexual interest in pubescent individuals approximately 11–14 years old. Hebephilia differs from ephebophilia, which refers to the sexual preference for individuals in later adolescence, and from pedophilia, which refers to the sexual preference for prepubescent children. The onset of puberty varies from child to child, but, on average, girls begin the process of puberty at age 10 or 11; boys at age 11 or 12. While individuals with a sexual preference for adults may have some sexual interest in pubescent-aged individuals, true hebephilia is characterized by a preference of pubescent rather than adult partners.

Ray Blanchard and a number of his colleagues from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health found that sex offenders could be separated into groups by victim age preference on the basis of penile plethysmograph response patterns. They noted that the DSM-5 could account for these data such as by subdividing the existing diagnosis of pedophilia into hebephilia and a more narrow definition of pedophilia. The proposed addition to the DSM V was criticized by Richard Green, Allen Frances, Michael First, an editor of the DSM-IV, Karen Franklin, Charles Allen Moser, William O'Donohue, and other mental health professionals.

Etiology

As with sexual preference in general, it is not known what causes someone to prefer a pubescent rather than an adult individual for sexual reasons. Researchers from the Toronto-based Centre for Addiction and Mental Health has conducted a series of studies on physical and psychological correlates of hebephilia, including height, handedness, intelligence quotient and failing a grade. According to the researchers, the results support a neurodevelopmental etiology for hebephilia.

Prevalence

The prevalence of hebephilia within the general population is unknown. There is evidence suggesting that within clinical and correctional samples, as well as anonymous surveys of people sexually interested in children, there are more individuals with an erotic interest in pubescent rather than in prepubescent children.

DSM-5 debate

A 2009 research paper proposed that, based on penile plethysmograph, sex offenders could be separated into groups by victim age preference. Blanchard noted that the most common age of victim for sexual offenders was 14 years and suggested there were qualitative differences between sex offenders who preferred pubertal versus prepubertal victims. The paper concluded that the DSM-5 could better account for those data if it split DSM-IV-TR's current criteria for pedophilia (attraction to children generally under 13) into pedophilia (attracted to prepubescent children, generally younger than 11) and hebephilia (attracted to early pubescent children, generally 11-14 years old). What DSM-IV called pedophilia would instead be termed "pedohebephilia". The proposed criteria for DSM-5 involved an adult who, for six or more months, experienced sexual attraction to prepubescent or pubescent children that was equal to or greater than their attraction to adults, who also found the attraction distressing, used child pornography and/or sought sexual stimulation from a child. The adult must be at least 18 years of age and at least five years older than the child. The proposed changes were presented at a 2009 meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, generating considerable discussion. Participants questioned the relevance of the number of victims and inclusion of child pornography as part of the criteria, as well as the implication that sexual attraction to pubescent children is abnormal.

Responses

Blanchard's article attracted a several responses. Clinical psychologist Joseph Plaud criticized the study for lacking a control groups of post-pubescent and normal patterns of male sexual arousal, overlap between groups Blanchard believed were separate, and lack of specificity in the data. Blanchard replied that the initial publication used sex offenders who had committed crimes against post-pubescent adults as a control group, and that the results supported victim age preferences being a continuous rather than categorical variable.

The article also attracted criticism from sexologist Richard Green, forensic psychologist Karen Franklin, and physician Charles Allen Moser, while psychologist William O'Donohue argue that the proposal does not go far enough. Blanchard replied to these concerns.

Professor of social work Jerome Wakefield described the inclusion as an inappropriate extension of the existing well-validated category of pedophilia, which would carry significant risk of false positives, and ignored the large qualitative distinctions between prepubescent children and sexually mature pubescents. He summarized his discussion with the statement "it appears that the hebephilia proposal is one where criminality and social disapproval are being confused with mental disorder."

During academic conferences for the American Association of Psychiatry and Law and International Association for the Treatment of Sexual Offenders, symbolic votes were taken regarding whether the DSM-V should include pedohebephilia, and in both cases an overwhelming majority voted against this.

Etymology

The name is based on the Greek goddess and protector of youth Hebe, but in Ancient Greece also referred to the time before manhood in Athens (depending on the reference, the specific age could be 14, 16 or 18 years old). The suffix -philia is derived from -phil-, implying love or strong friendship.

In 1914, physician Kurt Boas described hebephilia as "an alleged form of female fetishism." According to psychologist Emanuel Hammer and psychiatrist Bernard Glueck, Jr., hebephilia was proposed by psychiatrist Paul K. Benedict "to describe sexual activity with adolescents of both sexes, as distinguished from pedophilia."

See also

References

  1. ^ Krafft-Ebing, R (1924). Psychopathia Sexualis, with Especial Reference to the Antipathic Sexual Instinct; a Medico-Forensic Study. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  2. Kail, RV (2010). Human Development: A Lifespan View (5th ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 296. ISBN 0495600377. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  3. Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 4714830 , please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid= 4714830 instead.
  4. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-008-9399-9 instead.
  5. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9602-7, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-010-9602-7 instead.
  6. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 21389170 , please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid= 21389170 instead.
  7. ^ Frieden, J (2009-12-01). "DSM-V work on paraphilias begins in earnest" (pdf). Clinical Psychiatry News. 37 (12): 21. Retrieved 2013-01-07.
  8. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1002/bsl.934, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1002/bsl.934 instead.
  9. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9436-8, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-008-9436-8 instead.
  10. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9604-5, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-010-9604-5 instead.
  11. Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi: 10.1007/s11194-007-9060-5, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi= 10.1007/s11194-007-9060-5 instead.
  12. Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 16010467, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid= 16010467 instead.
  13. Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 16708284, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid= 16708284 instead.
  14. Gebhard, PH (1965). Sex offenders: An analysis of types. New York: Harper & Row. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  15. Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 12071103 , please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid= 12071103 instead.
  16. Bernard, F (1975). "An enquiry among a group of pedophiles". The Journal of Sex Research. 11 (3): 242–255.
  17. Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi: 10.1016/0191-8869(83)90154-X, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi= 10.1016/0191-8869(83)90154-X instead.
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  19. Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9423-0, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-008-9423-0 instead.
  20. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9427-9, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-008-9427-9 instead.
  21. Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9425-y, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-008-9425-y instead.
  22. Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1007/s10508-010-9616-1, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1007/s10508-010-9616-1 instead.
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  24. Franklin, K (2011). "Forensic Psychiatrists Vote No on Proposed Paraphilias". Psychiatric Times. 27 (12). (subscription required)
  25. Powell, A (2007). Paedophiles, Child Abuse and the Internet: A Practical Guide to Identification, Action and Prevention. Radcliffe Publishing. pp. 4-5. ISBN 1857757742.
  26. Boas, Kurt (1914). Über Hebephilie, eine angebliche Form des weiblichen Fetischismus. Archiv für Kriminialanthropologie. Volume 61, 1–38
  27. Hammer, Emmanuel F.; Glueck, Bernard C Jr (1955). Psychodynamic patterns in sex offender. Proceedings of the annual meeting of the American Psychopathological Association. 1955:157-68. PMID 13245805
  28. Glueck, BC (1956). Final report: Research project for the study and treatment of persons convicted of crimes involving sexual aberrations. June 1952 to June 1955. New York: New York State Department of Mental Hygiene/University of Minnesota.
  29. Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi: 10.1007/BF01568731, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi= 10.1007/BF01568731 instead.

External links

Pedophilia and child sexual abuse
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