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| He tarted serving the ] where he kept rising up to the rank of the ]. In ]/] he was an officer on the ships that blockaded ], and later commandeered a ] against ]ns and ]. | He tarted serving the ] where he kept rising up to the rank of the ]. In ]/] he was an officer on the ships that blockaded ], and later commandeered a ] against ]ns and ]. | ||
| His thought were on defening ]n coast from intrusions of the Italian '']'', and decided to work on technical innovations to counter that threat. Lupis envisioned device for destroying ships which would be unmanned, controlled from the land and whose explosive charges would detonate on impact with the enemy vessel. His first ] was just one ] long, with ] wings and controlled via long ropes from the coast. It didn't succeed. | |||
| Next second model was built with a clock mechanism as the engine for the ]. The explosive charges were in the ] and were ignited through the pistol-like control mechanism which again was activated through the bow, the sides or the mast. It had two ]s turned to the both right and left sides. Rudders were controlled trough the wires from the land. After numerous experiments, the ] design, marked as "]", did perform accordering the plan and instantly nicknamed - "the coast saviour". | |||
| In ], |
In ], already retired from the Navy, Lupis managed to demonstrate the "6 m" design to the ] ]. ] was the success, but the naval commission refused to accept it without better propulsion and control systems. | ||
| In ] the city mayor of ] ] introduced the ] to the British machine engineer ], with whom Lupis signed a contract to develop the torpedo further. The ] significantly altered the original ], but was always crediting Lupis with the invention. New device was running under water |
In ] the city mayor of ] ] introduced the ] to the British machine ] ], with whom Lupis signed a ] to develop the torpedo further. The ] significantly altered the original inventors], but was always crediting Lupis with the invention. New device was running under water powered by compressed air ]. Also, an automatic ] for the depth and direction was built within. | ||
| On ], ], Whitehead's and Lupis' torpedo, now named '']'', was officially demonstrated in front of the Austro-Hungarian state commission for evaluation. This model was 355 ] in ] and 3.35 m long. 8 kg of explosives was contained in the body weighing 136 ]. The naval commission accepted it and on ], ], the government contracted the inventors for a ] agreeing to pay production costs. On ], 1867, the navy paid 200,000 ] of royalties to the inventors. Whitehead moved to Rijeka where he opened the first torpedo factory in ] by converting an old metal smelting plant. | On ], ], Whitehead's and Lupis' torpedo, now named '']'', was officially demonstrated in front of the Austro-Hungarian state commission for evaluation. This model was 355 ] in ] and 3.35 m long. 8 kg of explosives was contained in the body weighing 136 ]. The naval commission accepted it and on ], ], the government contracted the inventors for a ] agreeing to pay production costs. On ], 1867, the navy paid 200,000 ] of royalties to the inventors. Whitehead moved to Rijeka where he opened the first torpedo factory in ] by converting an old metal smelting plant. | ||
Revision as of 01:04, 16 May 2006
Ivan Blaž Lupis Vukić (Giovanni Biagio Luppis) (1813/1814 – 1875) was a Croatian naval engineer who had invented the first self-propelled torpedo. Lupis was born in Nakovana on Pelješac peninsula in today's Croatia. He attended a gymnasium in Rijeka, than naval academy in Venice, Italy.
He tarted serving the Austro-Hungarian Navy where he kept rising up to the rank of the captain of frigate. In 1848/49 he was an officer on the ships that blockaded Venice, and later commandeered a frigate against Sardinians and France.
His thought were on defening Dalmatian coast from intrusions of the Italian Garibaldines, and decided to work on technical innovations to counter that threat. Lupis envisioned device for destroying ships which would be unmanned, controlled from the land and whose explosive charges would detonate on impact with the enemy vessel. His first model prototype was just one meter long, with glass wings and controlled via long ropes from the coast. It didn't succeed.
Next second model was built with a clock mechanism as the engine for the propeller. The explosive charges were in the stern and were ignited through the pistol-like control mechanism which again was activated through the bow, the sides or the mast. It had two rudders turned to the both right and left sides. Rudders were controlled trough the wires from the land. After numerous experiments, the missile design, marked as "6 m", did perform accordering the plan and instantly nicknamed - "the coast saviour".
In 1860, already retired from the Navy, Lupis managed to demonstrate the "6 m" design to the emperor Franz Joseph. Demonstration was the success, but the naval commission refused to accept it without better propulsion and control systems.
In 1864 the city mayor of Rijeka Ivan Ciotta introduced the inventor to the British machine engineer Robert Whitehead, with whom Lupis signed a contract to develop the torpedo further. The Briton significantly altered the original inventorsdesign, but was always crediting Lupis with the invention. New device was running under water powered by compressed air angine. Also, an automatic guidance system for the depth and direction was built within.
On December 21, 1866, Whitehead's and Lupis' torpedo, now named Minenschiff, was officially demonstrated in front of the Austro-Hungarian state commission for evaluation. This model was 355 mm in diameter and 3.35 m long. 8 kg of explosives was contained in the body weighing 136 kg. The naval commission accepted it and on March 6, 1867, the government contracted the inventors for a test production agreeing to pay production costs. On May 27, 1867, the navy paid 200,000 forints of royalties to the inventors. Whitehead moved to Rijeka where he opened the first torpedo factory in 1873 by converting an old metal smelting plant.
Lupis died in Torrigga, Lago di Como.
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