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Template:April calendar

April 28 is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 247 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

• 357 – Emperor Constantius II enters Rome for the first time to celebrate his victory over Magnus Magnentius.
• 1192 – Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I), King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election. The killing is carried out by Hashshashin.
• 1253 – Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk, propounds Nam Myoho Renge Kyo for the very first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding Nichiren Buddhism.
• 1503 – The Battle of Cerignola is fought. It is noted as the first battle in history won by small arms fire using gunpowder.
• 1611 – Establishment of the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, The Catholic University of the Philippines, the largest Catholic university in the world.
• 1788 – Maryland becomes the seventh state to ratify the Constitution of the United States.
• 1789 – Mutiny on the Bounty: Lieutenant William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew returns to Tahiti briefly and then sets sail for Pitcairn Island.
• 1792 – France invades the Austrian Netherlands (present day Belgium), beginning the French Revolutionary War.
• 1796 – The Armistice of Cherasco is signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Vittorio Amedeo III, the King of Sardinia, expanding French territory along the Mediterranean coast.
• 1869 – Chinese and Irish laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad working on the First Transcontinental Railroad lay 10 miles of track in one day, a feat which has never been matched.
• 1887 – A week after being arrested by the Prussian Secret Police, Alsatian police inspector Guillaume Schnaebelé is released on order of German Emperor William I, defusing a possible war.
• 1910 – Frenchman Louis Paulhan wins the 1910 London to Manchester air race, the first long-distance aeroplane race in England.
• 1920 – Azerbaijan is added to the Soviet Union.
• 1930 – The first night game in organized baseball history takes place in Independence, Kansas.
• 1932 – A vaccine for yellow fever is announced for use on humans.
• 1944 – World War II: Nine German E-boats attacked US and UK units during Exercise Tiger, the rehearsal for the Normandy landings, killing 946.
• 1945 – Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci are executed by a firing squad consisting of members of the Italian resistance movement.
• 1947 – Thor Heyerdahl and five crew mates set out from Peru on the Kon-Tiki to prove that Peruvian natives could have settled Polynesia.
• 1948 – Igor Stravinsky conducted the premier of his American ballet, Orpheus, in New York City at New York City Center.
• 1949 – Former First Lady of the Philippines Aurora Quezon, 61, is assassinated while en route to dedicate a hospital in memory of her late husband; her daughter and 10 others are also killed.
• 1950 – Bhumibol Adulyadej marries Queen Sirikit after their quiet engagement in Lausanne, Switzerland on July 19, 1949.
• 1952 – Dwight D. Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Allied Commander of NATO.
• 1952 – Occupied Japan: The United States occupation of Japan ends as the Treaty of San Francisco, ratified September 8, 1951, comes into force.
• 1952 – The Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (Treaty of Taipei) is signed in Taipei, Taiwan between Japan and the Republic of China to officially end the Second Sino-Japanese War.
• 1965 – United States occupation of the Dominican Republic: American troops land in the Dominican Republic to "forestall establishment of a Communist dictatorship" and to evacuate U.S. Army troops.
• 1969 – Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of France.
• 1970 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon formally authorizes American combat troops to fight communist sanctuaries in Cambodia.
• 1975 – General Cao Van Vien, chief of the South Vietnamese military, departs for the US as the North Vietnamese Army closed in on victory.
• 1977 – The Red Army Faction trial ends, with Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe found guilty of four counts of murder and more than 30 counts of attempted murder.
• 1977 – The Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure is signed.
• 1978 – President of Afghanistan, Mohammed Daoud Khan, is overthrown and assassinated in a coup led by pro-communist rebels.
• 1986 – The United States Navy aircraft carrier USS Enterprise becomes the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier to transit the Suez Canal, navigating from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea to relieve the USS Coral Sea.
• 1987 – American engineer Ben Linder is killed in an ambush by U.S.-funded Contras in northern Nicaragua.
• 1988 – Near Maui, Hawaii, flight attendant Clarabelle "C.B." Lansing is blown out of Aloha Airlines Flight 243, a Boeing 737, and falls to her death when part of the plane's fuselage rips open in mid-flight.
• 1994 – Former Central Intelligence Agency counter-intelligence officer and analyst Aldrich Ames pleads guilty to giving U.S. secrets to the Soviet Union and later Russia.
• 1996 – Whitewater controversy: President Bill Clinton gives a 4½ hour videotaped testimony for the defense.
• 1996 – In Tasmania, Australia, Martin Bryant goes on a shooting spree, killing 35 people and seriously injuring 21 more.
• 1999 – In Alberta, Canada, 14-year-old Todd Cameron Smith fires upon three students, killing one and wounding another in the W. R. Myers High School shooting.
• 2001 – Millionaire Dennis Tito becomes the world's first space tourist.
• 2008 – A train collision in Shandong, China, kills 72 people and injures 416 more.

Births

• 32 – Otho, Roman emperor (d. 69 AD)
• 1442 – Edward IV of England (d. 1483)
• 1545 – Yi Sun-sin, Korean commander (d. 1598)
• 1630 – Charles Cotton, English poet (d. 1687)
• 1652 – Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse-Darmstadt (d. 1712)
• 1686 – Michael Brokoff, Czech sculptor (d. 1721)
• 1715 – Franz Sparry, Austrian composer (d. 1767)
• 1758 – James Monroe, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 5th President of the United States (d. 1831)
• 1765 – Sylvestre François Lacroix, French mathematician (d. 1834)
• 1819 – Ezra Abbot, American scholar (d. 1884)
• 1827 – William Hall, Canadian soldier (d. 1904)
• 1838 – Tobias Asser, Dutch lawyer and scholar, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1913)
• 1855 – José Malhoa, Portuguese painter (d. 1933)
• 1863 – Josiah Thomas, English-Australian miner and politician (d. 1933)
• 1865 – Charles W. Woodworth, American entomologist (d. 1940)
• 1868 – Lucy Booth, English songwriter and commander (d. 1953)
• 1868 – Hélène de Pourtalès, Swiss sailor (d. 1945)
• 1868 – Georgy Voronoy, Ukrainian-Russian mathematician (d. 1908)
• 1870 – August Schmierer, German rugby player
• 1874 – Karl Kraus, Austrian journalist and author (d. 1936)
• 1876 – Nicola Romeo, Italian engineer and businessman (d. 1938)
• 1878 – Lionel Barrymore, American actor and director (d. 1954)
• 1888 – Walter Tull, English footballer (d. 1918)
• 1889 – António de Oliveira Salazar, Portuguese politician, 100th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1970)
• 1897 – Ye Jianying, Chinese general and politician (d. 1986)
• 1900 – Heinrich Müller, German SS officer (d. 1945)
• 1900 – Jan Oort, Dutch astronomer (d. 1992)
• 1902 – Johan Borgen, Norwegian author and critic (d. 1979)
• 1906 – Pierre Boileau, French author (d. 1989)
• 1906 – Kurt Gödel, Czech-American mathematician (d. 1978)
• 1906 – Paul Sacher, Swiss conductor (d. 1999)
• 1908 – Oskar Schindler, Czech-German businessman (d. 1974)
• 1910 – Sam Merwin, Jr., American author (d. 1996)
• 1911 – Lee Falk, American playwright, director, and producer (d. 1999)
• 1912 – Odette Hallowes, French soldier (d. 1995)
• 1912 – Kaneto Shindō, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)
• 1914 – Philip E. High, English author (d. 2006)
• 1916 – Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian businessman, created Lamborghini (d. 1993)
• 1921 – Rowland Evans, American journalist (d. 2001)
• 1921 – Simin Daneshvar, Iranian author and academic (d. 2012)
• 1923 – William Guarnere, American sergeant
• 1924 – Dick Ayers, American illustrator
• 1924 – Donatas Banionis, Lithuanian actor
• 1924 – Blossom Dearie, American singer and pianist, (d. 2009)
• 1924 – Kenneth Kaunda, Zambian educator and politician, 1st President of Zambia
• 1925 – T. John Lesinski, American judge and politician, 51st Lieutenant Governor of Michigan (d. 1996)
• 1926 – Bill Blackbeard, American writer and editor (d. 2011)
• 1926 – Harper Lee, American author
• 1928 – Yves Klein, French painter (d. 1962)
• 1928 – Eugene Merle Shoemaker, American geologist (d. 1997)
• 1930 – James Baker, American lawyer and politician, 10th White House Chief of Staff
• 1930 – Carolyn Jones, American actress (d. 1983)
• 1932 – Brownie Ledbetter, American activist (d. 2010)
• 1934 – Lois Duncan, American author
• 1934 – Diane Johnson, American-French author
• 1937 – Saddam Hussein, Iraqi politician, 5th President of Iraq (d. 2006)
• 1937 – John White, Scottish footballer (d. 1964)
• 1937 – Jean Redpath, Scottish singer
• 1938 – Madge Sinclair, Jamaican-American actress (d. 1995)
• 1941 – Lucien Aimar, French cyclist
• 1941 – Ann-Margret, Swedish-American actress, singer, and dancer
• 1941 – Nico Mastorakis, Greek director and producer
• 1941 – Karl Barry Sharpless, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1941 – Iryna Zhylenko, Ukrainian poet
• 1942 – Mike Brearley, English cricketer
• 1943 – Jacques Dutronc, French singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor
• 1943 – Yoav Talmi, Israeli conductor and composer
• 1944 – Elizabeth LeCompte, American director
• 1944 – Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe, Belgian politician, 10th Minister-President of the Walloon Region
• 1944 – Alice Waters, American chef and author
• 1946 – Ginette Reno, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
• 1947 – Christian Jacq, French historian and author
• 1948 – Dorothée Berryman, Canadian actress and singer
• 1948 – Terry Pratchett, English author
• 1948 – Marcia Strassman, American actress
• 1949 – Paul Guilfoyle, American actor
• 1949 – Bruno Kirby, American actor (d. 2006)
• 1949 – Indian Larry, American motorcycle rider and builder (d. 2004)
• 1950 – Willie Colón, Puerto Rican trombonist and producer
• 1950 – Jay Leno, American comedian, talk show host, and producer
• 1951 – Larry Smith, Canadian football player and politician
• 1952 – Chuck Leavell, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player (The Allman Brothers Band and Sea Level)
• 1952 – Mary McDonnell, American actress
• 1953 – Roberto Bolaño, Chilean author and poet (d. 2003)
• 1953 – Kim Gordon, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (Sonic Youth, Ciccone Youth, and Free Kitten)
• 1953 – Brian Greenhoff, English footballer (d. 2013)
• 1954 – Timothy Curley, American educator
• 1954 – Vic Sotto, Filipino actor and producer
• 1954 – Ron Zook, American football player and coach
• 1955 – Nicky Gumbel, English priest and author
• 1956 – Jimmy Barnes, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist Cold Chisel, Fraternity, and Living Loud)
• 1957 – Wilma Landkroon, Dutch singer
• 1958 – Nancy Lee Grahn, American actress
• 1958 – Hal Sutton, American golfer
• 1959 – Erhard Loretan, Swiss mountaineer (d. 2011)
• 1960 – John Cerutti, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2004)
• 1960 – Elena Kagan, American lawyer, jurist, and academic
• 1960 – Phil King, English bass player (Lush and The Jesus and Mary Chain)
• 1960 – Ian Rankin, Scottish author
• 1960 – Jón Páll Sigmarsson, Icelandic strongman and weightlifter (d. 1993)
• 1960 – Walter Zenga, Italian footballer and manager
• 1961 – Futoshi Matsunaga, Japanese serial killer
• 1961 – Anna Oxa, Italian singer
• 1963 – Sandrine Dumas, French actress
• 1963 – Lloyd Eisler, Canadian figure skater
• 1963 – Marc Lacroix, Belgian biochemist
• 1964 – Noriyuki Iwadare, Japanese composer
• 1964 – Barry Larkin, American baseball player
• 1965 – Steven Blum, American voice actor
• 1965 – Jennifer Rardin, American author (d. 2010)
• 1966 – John Daly, American golfer
• 1966 – Too Short, American rapper, producer, and actor
• 1967 – Kari Wührer, American actress and singer
• 1968 – Howard Donald, English singer-songwriter and producer (Take That)
• 1968 – Andy Flower, South African-English cricketer and coach
• 1968 – Scott Putesky, American guitarist (Marilyn Manson and Jack Off Jill)
• 1970 – Nicklas Lidström, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1970 – Diego Simeone, Argentinian footballer and manager
• 1971 – Brad McEwan, Australian journalist
• 1971 – Bridget Moynahan, American model and actress
• 1972 – Joseph Bruce, American rapper, producer, wrestler, and actor (Insane Clown Posse, Dark Lotus, and Psychopathic Rydas)
• 1973 – Jorge Garcia, American actor
• 1973 – Earl Holmes, American football player and coach
• 1973 – Francisco Palencia, Mexican footballer
• 1973 – Elisabeth Röhm, German-American actress
• 1973 – Serge Zwikker, Dutch-American basketball player
• 1974 – Penélope Cruz, Spanish-American actress
• 1974 – Margo Dydek, Polish basketball player (d. 2011)
• 1974 – Richel Hersisia, Dutch boxer
• 1974 – Vernon Kay, English radio and television host
• 1974 – Dominic Matteo, Scottish footballer
• 1977 – Derrick Wayne Frazier, American murderer (d. 2006)
• 1978 – Lauren Laverne, English radio and television host
• 1979 – Scott Fujita, American football player
• 1979 – Bahram Radan, Iranian actor
• 1980 – Karolina Gočeva, Macedonian singer
• 1980 – Josh Howard, American basketball player
• 1980 – Bradley Wiggins, Belgian-English cyclist
• 1981 – Jessica Alba, American model and actress
• 1981 – Pietro Travagli, Italian rugby player
• 1981 – Alex Riley, American wrestler
• 1982 – Nikki Grahame, English model and journalist
• 1982 – Chris Kaman, American basketball player
• 1982 – Harry Shum, Jr., Costa Rican-American actor and dancer
• 1983 – Roger Johnson, English footballer
• 1984 – Dmitri Torbinski, Russian footballer
• 1985 – Lucas Jakubczyk, German sprinter and long jumper
• 1985 – Leon Legge, English footballer
• 1986 – David Krejci, Czech ice hockey player
• 1986 – Jennifer Palm Lundberg, Swedish model, Miss World Sweden 2008
• 1986 – Roman Polák, Czech ice hockey player
• 1986 – Jenna Ushkowitz, South Korean-American actress, singer, and dancer
• 1987 – Ryan Conroy, Scottish footballer
• 1987 – Bradley Johnson, English footballer
• 1987 – Zoran Tošić, Serbian footballer
• 1987 – Samantha Ruth Prabhu, Indian actress
• 1988 – Jonathan Biabiany, French footballer
• 1988 – Juan Manuel Mata, Spanish footballer
• 1988 – Katariina Tuohimaa, Finnish tennis player
• 1989 – Emil Salomonsson, Swedish footballer
• 1989 – Kim Sung-kyu, South Korean singer-songwriter and dancer (Infinite
• 1990 – Mario Meraz, Mexican boxer
• 1990 – Niels-Peter Mørck, Danish footballer
• 1991 – Jordan Robinson, English footballer

Deaths

• 1192 – Conrad of Montferrat (b. 1140)
• 1489 – Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, English politician (b. 1449)
• 1533 – Nicholas West, English bishop and diplomat (b. 1461)
• 1643 – Francisco de Lucena, Portuguese politician (b. 1578?)
• 1695 – Henry Vaughan, Welsh poet and author (b. 1621)
• 1710 – Thomas Betterton, English actor (b. 1630s)
• 1716 – Louis de Montfort, French priest and saint (b. 1673)
• 1726 – Thomas Pitt, English merchant (b. 1653)
• 1741 – Magnus Julius De la Gardie, Swedish general and politician (b. 1668)
• 1772 – Johann Friedrich Struensee, German physician (b. 1737)
• 1781 – Cornelius Harnett, American merchant, farmer, and politician (b. 1723)
• 1813 – Mikhail Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (b. 1745)
• 1816 – Johann Heinrich Abicht, German philosopher (b. 1762)
• 1841 – Peter Chanel, French priest, missionary, and martyr (b. 1803)
• 1853 – Ludwig Tieck, German author and poet (b. 1773)
• 1858 – Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist and anatomist (b. 1801)
• 1865 – Samuel Cunard, Canadian-English businessman (b. 1787)
• 1881 – Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon, French sculptor and photographer (b. 1818)
• 1883 – John Russell, English hunter and dog breeder (b. 1795)
• 1902 – Cyprien Tanguay, Canadian priest and historian (b. 1819)
• 1905 – Fitzhugh Lee, American general and politician, 40th Governor of Virginia (b. 1835)
• 1929 – Hendrik van Heuckelum, Dutch footballer (b. 1879)
• 1934 – Charley Patton, American guitarist (b. 1887)
• 1936 – Fuad I of Egypt (b. 1868)
• 1944 – Mohammed Alim Khan, Emirate of Bukhara (b. 1880)
• 1944 – Frank Knox, American journalist and politician, 46th United States Secretary of the Navy (b. 1874)
• 1945 – Roberto Farinacci, Italian politician (b. 1892)
• 1945 – Hermann Fegelein, German general (b. 1906)
• 1945 – Benito Mussolini, Italian journalist and politician, 27th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1883)
• 1945 – Clara Petacci, Italian mistress of Benito Mussolini (b. 1912)
• 1946 – Louis Bachelier, French mathematician (b. 1870)
• 1949 – Aurora Quezon, Filipino wife of Manuel Quezon, 2nd First Lady of the Philippines (b. 1888)
• 1954 – Léon Jouhaux, French union leader, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1879)
• 1957 – Heinrich Bär, German pilot (b. 1913)
• 1963 – Wilhelm Weber, German gymnast (b. 1880)
• 1964 – Rolf de Maré, Swedish art collector (b. 1888)
• 1970 – Ed Begley, American actor (b. 1901)
• 1973 – Clas Thunberg, Finnish speed skater (b. 1893)
• 1975 – Tom Donahue, American radio host and producer (b. 1928)
• 1976 – Richard Hughes, American author and poet (b. 1900)
• 1977 – Sepp Herberger, German footballer and coach (b. 1897)
• 1978 – Mohammed Daoud Khan, Afghan politician, 1st President of Afghanistan (b. 1909)
• 1980 – Tommy Caldwell, American bass player (The Marshall Tucker Band) (b. 1949)
• 1981 – Steve Currie, English bass player (T. Rex) (b. 1947)
• 1987 – Ben Linder, American engineer (b. 1959)
• 1988 – B. W. Stevenson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1949)
• 1991 – Steve Broidy, American film producer (b. 1905)
• 1991 – Ken Curtis, American actor and singer (Sons of the Pioneers) (b. 1916)
• 1992 – Francis Bacon, Irish painter (b. 1909)
• 1992 – Iceberg Slim, American author (b. 1918)
• 1993 – Jim Valvano, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1946)
• 1994 – Berton Roueché, American journalist and author (b. 1910)
• 1996 – Lester Sumrall, American minister, founded LeSEA (b. 1913)
• 1997 – Ann Petry, American author (b. 1908)
• 1998 – Jerome Bixby, American author and screenwriter (b. 1923)
• 1998 – Ramakant Desai, Indian cricketer (b. 1939)
• 1999 – Rory Calhoun, American actor, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1922)
• 1999 – Rolf Landauer, German-American physicist and engineer (b. 1927)
• 1999 – Alf Ramsey, English footballer and manager (b. 1920)
• 1999 – Arthur Leonard Schawlow, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1921)
• 2000 – Jerzy Einhorn, Polish-Swedish doctor and politician (b. 1925)
• 2000 – Penelope Fitzgerald, English author and poet (b. 1916)
• 2002 – Alexander Lebed, Russian general and politician (b. 1950)
• 2002 – Lou Thesz, American wrestler (b. 1916)
• 2005 – Chris Candido, American wrestler (b. 1972)
• 2005 – Percy Heath, American bassist (Modern Jazz Quartet) (b. 1923)
• 2005 – Taraki Sivaram, Sri Lankan journalist (b. 1959)
• 2007 – Dabbs Greer, American actor (b. 1917)
• 2007 – René Mailhot, Canadian journalist (b. 1942)
• 2007 – Tommy Newsom, American saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1929)
• 2007 – Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, German physicist and philosopher (b. 1912)
• 2007 – Bertha Wilson, Canadian jurist (b. 1923)
• 2009 – Ekaterina Maximova, Russian ballerina (b. 1939)
• 2009 – Richard Pratt, Australian businessman (b. 1934)
• 2009 – Valeria Peter Predescu, Romanian singer (b. 1947)
• 2011 – Erhard Loretan, Swiss mountaineer (b. 1959)
• 2012 – Fred Allen, New Zealand rugby player and coach (b. 1920)
• 2012 – Matilde Camus, Spanish poet (b. 1919)
• 2012 – Al Ecuyer, American football player (b. 1937)
• 2012 – Walter Matthews, American actor (b. 1926)
• 2012 – Patricia Medina, English actress (b. 1919)
• 2012 – Milan N. Popović, Serbian psychiatrist and author (b. 1924)
• 2012 – Aberdeen Shikoyi, Kenyan rugby player (b. 1985)
• 2012 – Ervin Zádor, Hungarian water polo player (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Richard Barry, Irish politician (b. 1919)
• 2013 – Fredrick McKissack, American author (b. 1939)
• 2013 – Julio Ojeda Pascual, Spanish-Peruvian bishop (b. 1932)
• 2013 – John C. Reynolds, American computer scientist (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Carl M. Rynning-Tønnesen, Norwegian police officer (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Jack Shea, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
• 2013 – János Starker, Hungarian-American cellist (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Paulo Vanzolini, Brazilian singer-songwriter and zoologist (b. 1924)
• 2013 – Bernie Wood, New Zealand journalist and author (b. 1939)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Louis de Montfort
  • Peter Chanel
  • Vitalis and Valeria of Milan
  • April 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Feast of Jamál ("Beauty"), the first day of the third month of the Bahá'í calendar. (Bahá'í Faith)
• National Day of Mourning, to commemorate workers killed, injured, or suffering illness from occupational hazards and accidents. (Canada)
  • Workers Memorial Day (International)
  • World Day for Safety and Health at Work (International)
• National Heroes Day (Barbados)
• National Day (Sardinia)
• The first day of the Floralia, in honor of Flora. (Roman Empire)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

• Days of the year
• April