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| {{About|a method of starting an ] with a discharged battery|other uses|Jump start (disambiguation){{!}}Jump start}} | {{About|a method of starting an ] with a discharged battery|other uses|Jump start (disambiguation){{!}}Jump start}} | ||
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| ]s, also called automotive clips, on a set of ]]] | ]s, also called automotive clips, on a set of ]]] | ||
| A '''jump start''', also called a '''boost''', is a method of starting an ] |
A '''jump start''', also called a '''boost''', is a method of starting an ] with an assistance of external power source when the ] ordinarily used for starting is unable to provide sufficient output. A temporary auxiliary power source such as another internal combustion equipped device with the same system voltage is connected to provide supplemental power. Once the assisted starting is completed, the engine will operate the alternator to supply the electrical power needed to run and replenish the battery, so the auxiliary source can be removed. | ||
| Engines that employ electric start uses an electric motor powered by battery to start. When the engine is running, attached ] replenishes the battery and provide electrical power used by the equipment or vehicle. | |||
| ⚫ | == |
||
| ⚫ | {{Other uses|Jumper cable (disambiguation)}} | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| Many motorists carry jumper cables (known in the UK as jump leads) which consist of a pair of heavy ], ]d wires with ]s at each end. Jumper cables are available in various lengths. The size of copper conductors varies from about #10 ] for light duty sets, to #1 AWG. The alligator clips generally have color-coded, vinyl-coated (PVC) insulation to prevent electrical short circuits. Most clips fit both top- and side-mounted battery terminals. Top-quality clips are made of solid copper; lesser-quality are made of material such as copper-plated steel. Jumper cables are marked by black (-) and red (+) handles, representing the two ] of the automobile's ] system. Interchanging the polarities will cause damage to one or both automobiles, possibly including blown ]s and ]s, and could cause a battery explosion. ] recommend connecting the negative (black) cable last and disconnecting it first, since charging may produce hydrogen gas, which could explode if there is a spark; if this ruptured the battery casing, it would then spray ], possibly over the person performing the jump start (see ] for consequences). Connecting the positive (red) cable while the negative cable is connected may also cause a spark and battery explosion.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Haynes Repair Manual, Toyota Corolla 1984 thru 1992|isbn=1-56392-064-6|pages=5–2}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | ==Limitations== | ||
| Operation of a lead-acid battery may, in case of overcharge, produce flammable ] gas by ] inside the battery. Jump start procedures are usually found in the vehicle owner's manual.<ref>{{cite book|title=2004 Owner's Manual,`Toyota Camry Solara, Toyota Publication No. OM33596U, for an example of an owner's manual}}</ref><ref>http://new.volvocars.com/ownersdocs/1986/1986_240/86240_03b.htm On-line version of a 1986 Volvo 240 owner's manual, page 64, shows jump start procedure</ref> The recommended sequence<ref>{{cite book|first=Horst|last=Bauer|title=Bosch Automotive Handbook 4th Edition|publisher=Robert Bosch GmbH|location=]|year=1996|isbn=0-8376-0333-1|pages=806–807}}</ref> of connections is intended to reduce the chance of accidentally shorting the good battery or igniting hydrogen gas. Owner's manuals will show the preferred locations for connection of jumper cables; for example, some vehicles have the battery mounted under a seat, or may have a jumper terminal in the engine compartment. | |||
| ==Auxiliary power sources:== | |||
| Motorists can be severely injured by a battery explosion. In the United States in 1994, a research note by the National Highway Traffic Safety Association estimated that about 442 persons were injured by exploding batteries while attempting a jump-start.<ref>{{cite web|title=Injuries Associated with Hazards Involving Motor Vehicle Batteries|publisher=''Road Management and Engineering Journal'' and TranSafety|url=http://www.usroads.com/journals/rmej/9808/rm980801.htm|accessdate=August 2, 2007}}</ref><ref>Organizations such as Prevent Blindness America recommend use of splash-resistant safety goggles to protect the eyes while connecting cables. {{cite web|url=http://www.preventblindness.org/safety/battery.html|title=Prevent Blindness|publisher=Prevent Blindness|accessdate=August 10, 2007}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | ===Jumper cables (jump leads)=== | ||
| Current from the boosting vehicle will charge the dead battery if it is still capable of being charged. After several minutes enough energy is transferred to allow cranking of the engine. If the connections are good and the cables are large, the boosting vehicle battery may also supply part of the cranking current. In an extreme case, it is possible to crank and start a vehicle with no battery in it (or where the battery is not capable of holding a charge) if the cables are heavy-duty. Cranking current drawn through light-gauge cables in this way will damage them by overheating; electrical resistance of a thinner wire is higher than that of a thicker wire, and resistance dissipates electrical energy into heat. | |||
| ⚫ | {{Other uses|Jumper cable (disambiguation)}} | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| Jumper cables also known as booster cables or jump leads are a pair of ]d wires of sufficient capacity with ]s at each end to interconnect the disabled equipment/vehicle with an auxiliary source such as another vehicle or equipment with the same system voltage or to another battery. The alligator clips may be covered in insulation to prevent inadvertent shorting. Clips maybe made of copper or steel. Alligator clips are generally marked by black (-) and red (+) to indicate the polarity. | |||
| ⚫ | ====Limitations==== | ||
| If the discharged battery case is cracked, or the battery has a low ] level, or is frozen, a jump start will not restore normal operation. A jump start is only effective for a discharged battery and cannot resolve other faults including a lack of fuel, a failed battery, or other mechanical problems. Even after a successful jump start a vehicle may not be able to resume normal operation if the reason for the dead battery is a failed charging system. Loss of voltage from the vehicle battery may have wide-ranging effects—from a trivial loss of radio receiver preset stations to a significant loss of security codes or engine control parameters. | |||
| The interconnected systems must have the same voltage designation. | |||
| == Motorcycles == | |||
| Many very old motorcycles (and cars) have 6-volt systems and cannot be jump started safely with a modern car,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schultz |first=Mort |title=What you may not know about jump starting |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=dM8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA42 |periodical=Popular Mechanics |date=December 1979 |volume =152 |issue= 6 |issn=0032-4558}}</ref> but newer designs with 12-volt systems may be jump started with a 12-volt vehicle. <!-- Unlike jumping another car, when starting a motorcycle this way, the car providing the jump must be turned off to avoid overloading the motorcycle, causing the fuses to blow or damage to the electrical system. explain this, please --> Car batteries can generally jump start a motorcycle easily without any help from the car's alternator.<ref>{{Cite book | |||
| |last=Duglin Kennedy |year=2005 |title=The Savvy Guide to Motorcycles|first=Shirley|publisher=Indy Tech Publishing |isbn=0-7906-1316-6, 9780790613161 |page=33 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=kEX7Ncd3hO4C&pg=PA33 }}</ref> An alternative is to ] the motorcycle.<ref>{{Cite book | |||
| |title=Gearhead |periodical=American Motorcyclist |date=December 1997 |volume= 51 |issue= 12 |isbn=0277-9358 |publisher=American Motorcyclist Assoc |url=http://books.google.com/?id=IfYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41&dq=keep+vehicle+turned+off#v=onepage&q=keep%20vehicle%20turned%20off }}</ref> | |||
| ==Alternatives to jumper cables== | |||
| === Battery booster and jump starter === | |||
| ⚫ | A |
||
| Auxiliary source can replenish the dead battery if it is still capable of accepting a charge. After several minutes enough energy is transferred to allow cranking of the engine along with the power from the auxiliary power source that is left connected as the engine is cranked. | |||
| Portable boosters may automatically sense the battery's polarity prior to sending power to the vehicle, eliminating the damage that can result from reversing the connection. | |||
| If the dead battery is physically damaged, has a low ] level, decayed, or is frozen, a jump start will not repair the battery. A jump start can get the engine started when its primary battery is discharged or is not able to provide sufficient current due to decay or environmental conditions. The power demand for starting the engine increase and battery's ability to provide power decrease with decrease in temperature.<!-- Unlike jumping another car, when starting a motorcycle this way, the car providing the jump must be turned off to avoid overloading the motorcycle, causing the fuses to blow or damage to the electrical system. explain this, please --> | |||
| ===Battery charger=== | |||
| Motorists and service garages often have portable ]s operated from ]. Very small "trickle" chargers are intended only to maintain a charge on a parked or stored vehicle, but larger chargers can put enough charge into a battery to allow a start within a few minutes. Battery chargers may be strictly manual, or may include controls for time and charging voltage. Some chargers are equipped with "boost" settings that supply a large current to assist in cranking the engine. Battery chargers that apply high voltage (for example, more than 14.4 volts on a 12 volt nominal system) will result in emission of hydrogen gas from the battery, which may damage it or create an explosion risk.{{fact|date=May 2013}} A battery may be recharged without removal from the vehicle, although in a typical roadside situation no convenient source of power may be nearby and a solar-powered charger may be used to charge the battery over time. | |||
| ===Push starting=== | |||
| {{Main|Push start}} | |||
| A vehicle with a ] may be push started. This requires caution while pushing the vehicle and may require the assistance of several persons or another vehicle if the battery is fully discharged. If the vehicle battery cannot provide enough power to the ignition system, push starting will be ineffective. Vehicles with diesel engines might take a few attemps to push-start if the battery charge is to low to power the ] for preheating. Most vehicles with ]s cannot be started this way because the hydraulic ] in the transmission will not allow the engine to be driven by the wheels. {{citation-needed|date=October 2012}} | |||
| ==Voltage problem== | |||
| Heavy vehicles such as large trucks, excavation equipment, or big vehicles with ] engines may use 24-volt electrical systems. They usually have a 24 V supply using two 12 V automotive batteries in ]: it is therefore possible to jump-start a vehicle with a 12 V electrical system using only one of the two batteries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tech Article:24 Volt Systems|publisher=BJ Series Land Cruisers|url=http://cruisers.bitwalla.com/articles/24v.html|accessdate=January 5, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ====Self-contained battery pack==== | |||
| Vintage cars may have 6-volt electrical systems, or may connect the positive terminal of the battery to the chassis. The methods intended for boosting 12-volt, negative-ground vehicles cannot be used in such cases. | |||
| ⚫ | A portable battery box equipped with attached cables and charger, can be used similarly to using jumper cables. It directly provides starting current to the starter. | ||
| Passenger vehicles with ]s may not be possible to "boost" from other vehicles; professional assistance would be required to prevent severe damage to the vehicle and possible personal injury (see ]). ]s may have a very small 12 volt battery system unsuitable for sourcing the large amount of current required to boost a conventional vehicle.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} However, as the 12-volt system of a hybrid vehicle is only required to start up the control system of the vehicle, a very small portable battery may successfully boost a hybrid that has accidentally discharged its 12-volt system; the main propulsion battery is unlikely to also have been discharged. | |||
| == Military vehicles == | |||
| ]]] | |||
| Generally referred to as "slave starting" in military parlance, the jump starting procedure has been simplified for military vehicles. Tactical vehicles used by NATO militaries possess 24-volt electrical systems and, in accordance with ] 4074, have standard slave receptacles for easy connection. A slave cable is plugged in to the receptacle on each vehicle, and the dead vehicle is started with the live vehicle's engine running. | |||
| == |
====Boost charger==== | ||
| Some battery chargers are designed to supplement the power to start the engine. The battery is left to charge for a short period of time and engine is cranked with the charger left connected. The starter receives power from charge that was added into the battery as well as the boost charger. | |||
| *] used in the cables | |||
| *] | |||
| ===<nowiki/>=== | |||
| {{Wikibooks|Automobile Repair/Jump start}} | {{Wikibooks|Automobile Repair/Jump start}} | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| == External links == | |||
| * - The AA (United Kingdom) | |||
| * by Matthew Wright, About.com | |||
| * by ]'s ] and ], "Click and Clack, the ] Brothers" | |||
| * by Car Care Council | |||
| ] | ] | ||
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This article was last edited by Cantaloupe2 (talk | contribs) 11 years ago. (Update timer) |
A jump start, also called a boost, is a method of starting an internal combustion engine with an assistance of external power source when the battery ordinarily used for starting is unable to provide sufficient output. A temporary auxiliary power source such as another internal combustion equipped device with the same system voltage is connected to provide supplemental power. Once the assisted starting is completed, the engine will operate the alternator to supply the electrical power needed to run and replenish the battery, so the auxiliary source can be removed.
Engines that employ electric start uses an electric motor powered by battery to start. When the engine is running, attached alternator replenishes the battery and provide electrical power used by the equipment or vehicle.
Auxiliary power sources:
Jumper cables (jump leads)
For other uses, see Jumper cable (disambiguation).
Jumper cables also known as booster cables or jump leads are a pair of insulated wires of sufficient capacity with alligator clips at each end to interconnect the disabled equipment/vehicle with an auxiliary source such as another vehicle or equipment with the same system voltage or to another battery. The alligator clips may be covered in insulation to prevent inadvertent shorting. Clips maybe made of copper or steel. Alligator clips are generally marked by black (-) and red (+) to indicate the polarity.
Limitations
The interconnected systems must have the same voltage designation.
Auxiliary source can replenish the dead battery if it is still capable of accepting a charge. After several minutes enough energy is transferred to allow cranking of the engine along with the power from the auxiliary power source that is left connected as the engine is cranked.
If the dead battery is physically damaged, has a low electrolyte level, decayed, or is frozen, a jump start will not repair the battery. A jump start can get the engine started when its primary battery is discharged or is not able to provide sufficient current due to decay or environmental conditions. The power demand for starting the engine increase and battery's ability to provide power decrease with decrease in temperature.
Self-contained battery pack
A portable battery box equipped with attached cables and charger, can be used similarly to using jumper cables. It directly provides starting current to the starter.
Boost charger
Some battery chargers are designed to supplement the power to start the engine. The battery is left to charge for a short period of time and engine is cranked with the charger left connected. The starter receives power from charge that was added into the battery as well as the boost charger.
References
External links
- Breakdown Advice: Using Jump Leads Safely - The AA (United Kingdom)
- How to Jump Start A Car Using Jumper Cables by Matthew Wright, About.com
- Official Car Talk Guide to Jump Starting Your Car by Car Talk's Tom and Ray Magliozzi, "Click and Clack, the Tappet Brothers"
- Quick & Easy Directions to Jump Start by Car Care Council