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==A== ==A==
*'''Arabic''' – In the ] countries, ] is considered the H-language, or high-prestige language. In contrast to most prestige dialects, it is not used in day-to-day conversation, but rather as a language of the political/social ] programs and as a written language. If someone speaks it in streets and regular conversations, people will laugh about it.<ref>: '''Germanus, the orientalist who loved Koran & Arabic language#The love of Arabic languuge''' “‘Germanus’ looked forward to Cairo, to be entertained by listening the (Classical) Arabic language He was shocked for who were laughing at him for his speaking in (Classical) Arabic and they answered him back with vernacular vocabulary...”</ref> Educated speakers often consider speaking Modern Standard Arabic '''not''' prestigious and rather a ] language as ] and ] as prestigious. Prestige dialects differ from state to state, but they are usually the dialect of the capital of each state; example: ] based on the ] ] is the most prestigious accent in ]. *'''Arabic''' – In the ] countries, ] is considered the H-language, or high-prestige language. In contrast to most prestige dialects, it is not used in day-to-day conversation, but rather as a language of the political/social ] programs and as a written language. If someone speaks it in streets and regular conversations, people will laugh about it.<ref>: '''Germanus, the orientalist who loved Koran & Arabic language#The love of Arabic languuge''' “‘Germanus’ looked forward to Cairo, to be entertained by listening the (Classical) Arabic language He was shocked for who were laughing at him for his speaking in (Classical) Arabic and they answered him back with vernacular vocabulary...”</ref>

==B==
* '''Bengali''' -

==C==
* '''Chinese''' - ], particularly ] or Standard Cantonese as spoken in ] and surrounding areas is regarded as the prestige dialect of the ] branch of Chinese dialects. The two forms are nearly identical, with the ] form differing slightly through the usage of ] (a legacy of the ]) as well as minor shifts in some pronunciation.
* '''Chinese''' - ] - ] based on the dialect of ] and surrounding areas is considered the prestige form of Mandarin Chinese.


==D== ==D==
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==E== ==E==
⚫ *'''English''' – The ] is said to have no single prestige dialect;<ref>{{cite book | last=Wilson | first=Kenneth G | year=1993 | title=The Columbia Guide to Standard American English | location=New York | publisher=Columbia University Press}}</ref> however, broadcast journalists work towards a ].
*'''English''' – The ] (or ''] Pronunciation'') of ] as used in ] around ] has been regarded as the most prestigious spoken dialect or pronunciation in the ].
⚫ * The ] is said to have no single prestige dialect;<ref>{{cite book | last=Wilson | first=Kenneth G | year=1993 | title=The Columbia Guide to Standard American English | location=New York | publisher=Columbia University Press}}</ref> however, broadcast journalists work towards a ].


==F== ==F==
*'''French''' – Though ] is a ], the ] spoken in and around the ] area is considered the standard/prestige form in ]. *'''French''' – In the United States, ] (also Plantation Society French) is considered the prestige dialect of ],<ref>http://caneriver.tulane.edu/LanguagesLabels.html</ref> though it is deemed virtually ] due to gradual assimilation with standard ].
*In the United States, ] (also Plantation Society French) is considered the prestige dialect of ],<ref>http://caneriver.tulane.edu/LanguagesLabels.html</ref> though it is deemed virtually ] due to gradual assimilation with standard ].

==G==
*'''Germany''' – In ], ] is considered to be the prestige dialect, and is the form spoken in the area surrounding ].


==H== ==H==
*'''Hindi''' – ]–a heavily ]ised version of ]–is the prestige dialect.<ref name="Chall1961">{{cite book|author=Leo P. Chall|title=Sociological abstracts|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BIrZAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=26 June 2012|year=1961|publisher=Sociological Abstracts}}</ref> *'''Hindi''' – ]–a heavily ]ised version of ]–is the prestige dialect.<ref name="Chall1961">{{cite book|author=Leo P. Chall|title=Sociological abstracts|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BIrZAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=26 June 2012|year=1961|publisher=Sociological Abstracts}}</ref>


==I== ==<nowiki/>==
{{Empty section|date=June 2013}}

==J==
{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}

==K==
*'''Korean''' - The dialect based in and around the ]n capital of ] is considered the prestige/standard dialect in the country and by many Korean speakers outside the ].

==L==
{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}

==M==
* ''']''' - ] and ]

==N==
{{Empty section|date=June 2013}}

==O==
{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}

==P==
* '''Persian'''- While formal and written ] maintains relative continuity throughout the majority Persian-speaking world (chiefly. ], ] and ]), the ] is the most widely-understood and considered to be the most prestigious.

==Q==
{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}

==R==
{{Empty section|date=June 2013}}

==S==
* '''Spanish'''- The ] found in and around the ] region in ] is considered a prestigious variant in the country due to its smooth, and flawless accent.

==T== ==T==
*'''Telugu''' – In the Indian state of ], the standard form is based on the dialect spoken in Krishna District.<ref>Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages By Andrew Dalby, Columbia University Press, page no. 301, ISBN 0-231-11569-5</ref> *'''Telugu''' – In the Indian state of ], the standard form is based on the dialect spoken in Krishna District.<ref>Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages By Andrew Dalby, Columbia University Press, page no. 301, ISBN 0-231-11569-5</ref>
*''']''' - In ], the ruling ] party is dominated by members of the ], from the ] region, where ] is spoken.


==U== ==U==
*'''Urdu''' - The prestige dialect of ] is the one spoken in and around the northern ]n city of ]. <ref name="Butt">{{cite book|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=-JyisMubaMUC&pg=PA8&dq=prestige+dialect+Urdu+lucknow&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zc3-TvrRKMSUgwej5p26Ag&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=prestige%20dialect%20Urdu%20lucknow&f=false|author=Miriam Butt|title = The structure of complex predicates in Urdu|publisher = Center for the Study of Language and Information|page=8|accessdate = 31 December 2011|quote=The Urdu spoken in Lucknow is held to be the representative of ''pure'' Urdu.|year=1995}}</ref><ref name="Dil">{{cite book|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=2bIGAQAAIAAJ&q=prestige+dialect+Urdu+lucknow&dq=prestige+dialect+Urdu+lucknow&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Es7-TprdCJSItwed7p2oAQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwADgU|author=Anwar S. Dil|title = Studies in Pakistani linguistics|publisher = Linguistic Research Group of Pakistan|accessdate = 31 December 2011|quote=However, the dialect which enjoys the highest prestige is the Delhi-Lucknow Urdu.|year=1965}}</ref><ref name="King">{{cite book|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=B8RjAAAAMAAJ&q=prestige+dialect+Urdu+lucknow&dq=prestige+dialect+Urdu+lucknow&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zc3-TvrRKMSUgwej5p26Ag&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCA|author=Christopher Rolland King|title = One language, two scripts: the Hindi movement in nineteenth century north India|publisher = ]|accessdate = 31 December 2011|quote=A line of major Urdu poets arose in Delhi and continued well into the nineteenth century, while somewhat later poets in the eastern UP city of Lucknow began to rival their colleagues in Delhi.|page=24|date=9 December 1999}}</ref> Since a large part of the Urdu-speaking population from this area migrated tote area around ] during the 1947 ], this variety has also become the prestige accent in ]. <ref name="Butt"/><ref name="Dil"/><ref name="King"/> In the last few decades however, Karachi Urdu has become heavily influenced by the Urdu-speaking ]; the latter has a distinctive ] flavour to it and caused the former to lose its essential Lucknow flavour. *'''Urdu''' - The prestige dialect of ] is the one spoken in and around the northern ]n city of ]. <ref name="Butt">{{cite book|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=-JyisMubaMUC&pg=PA8&dq=prestige+dialect+Urdu+lucknow&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zc3-TvrRKMSUgwej5p26Ag&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=prestige%20dialect%20Urdu%20lucknow&f=false|author=Miriam Butt|title = The structure of complex predicates in Urdu|publisher = Center for the Study of Language and Information|page=8|accessdate = 31 December 2011|quote=The Urdu spoken in Lucknow is held to be the representative of ''pure'' Urdu.|year=1995}}</ref><ref name="Dil">{{cite book|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=2bIGAQAAIAAJ&q=prestige+dialect+Urdu+lucknow&dq=prestige+dialect+Urdu+lucknow&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Es7-TprdCJSItwed7p2oAQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwADgU|author=Anwar S. Dil|title = Studies in Pakistani linguistics|publisher = Linguistic Research Group of Pakistan|accessdate = 31 December 2011|quote=However, the dialect which enjoys the highest prestige is the Delhi-Lucknow Urdu.|year=1965}}</ref><ref name="King">{{cite book|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=B8RjAAAAMAAJ&q=prestige+dialect+Urdu+lucknow&dq=prestige+dialect+Urdu+lucknow&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zc3-TvrRKMSUgwej5p26Ag&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCA|author=Christopher Rolland King|title = One language, two scripts: the Hindi movement in nineteenth century north India|publisher = ]|accessdate = 31 December 2011|quote=A line of major Urdu poets arose in Delhi and continued well into the nineteenth century, while somewhat later poets in the eastern UP city of Lucknow began to rival their colleagues in Delhi.|page=24|date=9 December 1999}}</ref> Since a large part of the Urdu-speaking population from this area migrated tote area around ] during the 1947 ], this variety has also become the prestige accent in ]. <ref name="Butt"/><ref name="Dil"/><ref name="King"/> {{Empty section|date=January 2011}}

==V==
{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}

==W==
{{Empty section|date=June 2013}}

==X==
{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}

==Y==
{{Empty section|date=June 2013}}

==Z==
{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}


==See also== ==See also==

Revision as of 15:03, 18 July 2013

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A prestige dialect is the dialect that is considered most prestigious by the members of that speech community. In nearly all cases, the prestige dialect is also the dialect spoken by the most prestigious members of that community, often the people who have political, economic, or social power.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Contents: 

A

  • Arabic – In the Arab League countries, Modern Standard Arabic is considered the H-language, or high-prestige language. In contrast to most prestige dialects, it is not used in day-to-day conversation, but rather as a language of the political/social media programs and as a written language. If someone speaks it in streets and regular conversations, people will laugh about it.

D

  • Dutch - Standard Dutch is considered most prestigious when no clear traces of a speaker's dialect can be recognised.

E

F

H

T

  • Telugu – In the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, the standard form is based on the dialect spoken in Krishna District.

U

  • Urdu - The prestige dialect of Urdu is the one spoken in and around the northern Indian city of Lucknow. Since a large part of the Urdu-speaking population from this area migrated tote area around Karachi during the 1947 Partition of India, this variety has also become the prestige accent in Pakistan.
    This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (January 2011)

See also

Notes

  1. islamonline.net: Germanus, the orientalist who loved Koran & Arabic language#The love of Arabic languuge “‘Germanus’ looked forward to Cairo, to be entertained by listening the (Classical) Arabic language He was shocked for who were laughing at him for his speaking in (Classical) Arabic and they answered him back with vernacular vocabulary...”
  2. M. van der Wal, Geschiedenis van het Nederlands, 1992. ISBN 90-274-1839-X
  3. Wilson, Kenneth G (1993). The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. New York: Columbia University Press.
  4. http://caneriver.tulane.edu/LanguagesLabels.html
  5. Leo P. Chall (1961). Sociological abstracts. Sociological Abstracts. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
  6. Dictionary of Languages: The Definitive Reference to More Than 400 Languages By Andrew Dalby, Columbia University Press, page no. 301, ISBN 0-231-11569-5
  7. ^ Miriam Butt (1995). The structure of complex predicates in Urdu. Center for the Study of Language and Information. p. 8. Retrieved 31 December 2011. The Urdu spoken in Lucknow is held to be the representative of pure Urdu.
  8. ^ Anwar S. Dil (1965). Studies in Pakistani linguistics. Linguistic Research Group of Pakistan. Retrieved 31 December 2011. However, the dialect which enjoys the highest prestige is the Delhi-Lucknow Urdu.
  9. ^ Christopher Rolland King (9 December 1999). One language, two scripts: the Hindi movement in nineteenth century north India. Oxford University Press. p. 24. Retrieved 31 December 2011. A line of major Urdu poets arose in Delhi and continued well into the nineteenth century, while somewhat later poets in the eastern UP city of Lucknow began to rival their colleagues in Delhi.
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