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] ]
A '''Medicane''' is a ''subtropical or tropical'' cyclonic storm system similar to a ] that occurs in the ]. Usually these cyclonic storms do not reach hurricane strength, but are still generating a lot of damage due to highly populated areas in the Mediterranean<ref>ftp://texmex.mit.edu/pub/emanuel/PAPERS/Romero_Emanuel_2013.pdf</ref>. Even though the Mediterranean is not an official tropical cyclone basin, and thus not under the authority of any ] like the ], cyclones occasionally form in the mid-latitudes and on very rare occasions in the ],<ref>http://en.ria.ru/strange/20120127/170988652.html</ref><ref>http://link.springer.com/article/10.3103%2FS1068373908040067#</ref><ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F4061EF73B5A12738DDDAF0994DB405B868CF1D3</ref> having properties of a ]. A medicane is small, has an axisymmetric cloud structure, generates strong winds, heavy rains and thunderstorms. This phenomenon has often been named Medicane or Tropical-like Mediterranean Storm (T.M.S.). A '''Medicane''' is a ''subtropical or tropical'' cyclonic storm system similar to a ] that occurs over the ]. Medicanes do not usually reach hurricane strength, but may produce substantial damage because of their location near highly populated areas around the Mediterranean.<ref>ftp://texmex.mit.edu/pub/emanuel/PAPERS/Romero_Emanuel_2013.pdf</ref> Although the Mediterranean is not an officially designated tropical cyclone basin, cyclones having properties of a ] occasionally form in the mid-latitudes and on rare occasions over the ].<ref>http://en.ria.ru/strange/20120127/170988652.html</ref><ref>http://link.springer.com/article/10.3103%2FS1068373908040067#</ref><ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F4061EF73B5A12738DDDAF0994DB405B868CF1D3</ref> A medicane is small, has an axisymmetric cloud structure, generates strong winds, heavy rains, and thunderstorms. This phenomenon has often been named "Medicane" or "Tropical-like Mediterranean Storm (T.M.S.)".


==Origin and local sub futures== ==Origin and local sub futures{{clarify}}==


At least once or twice every year<ref>http://www.uib.es/depart/dfs/meteorologia/METEOROLOGIA/ANGEL/ProceedingEUMETSAT07.pdf</ref><ref>ftp://texmex.mit.edu/pub/emanuel/PAPERS/Romero_Emanuel_2013.pdf</ref>, usually during fall when the ] is still warm, a ] takes on the characteristics of a subtropical storm with clouds wrapped around an eye, intense ] activity, strong winds at surface winds and warm temperature in the center clouds. In a satellite image such a system can look very similar to a tropical storm, but without having the dimensions or the power. An example for such a cyclonic storm is a Medicane that threatened ] from November 1 2011 to November 9 2011 and produced up to 800 mm of rain.<ref>http://www.meteo.fr/cic/meetings/2012/ERAD/presentations/thursday/13A-4.pdf</ref>There are many more storms that were classified as Medicanes.<ref>http://scienceandworldevents.wikia.com/Mediterranean_tropical_cyclone</ref> About once or twice per year,<ref>http://www.uib.es/depart/dfs/meteorologia/METEOROLOGIA/ANGEL/ProceedingEUMETSAT07.pdf</ref><ref>ftp://texmex.mit.edu/pub/emanuel/PAPERS/Romero_Emanuel_2013.pdf</ref> usually during fall when the Mediterranean is still warm, a ] takes on the characteristics of a subtropical storm with clouds wrapped around an eye, intense ] activity, strong surface winds, and warm temperature in the center clouds. In a satellite image such a system can resemble a tropical storm, but without the dimensions or power. One example is a Medicane that threatened ] from November 1, 2011 to November 9, 2011 and produced up to 800 mm of rain.<ref>http://www.meteo.fr/cic/meetings/2012/ERAD/presentations/thursday/13A-4.pdf</ref> Many other storms have been classified as Medicanes.<ref>http://scienceandworldevents.wikia.com/Mediterranean_tropical_cyclone</ref>
] ]


Most Medicanes form in the western ] region, and some form in the Ionian region<ref>http://www.academia.edu/4775469/A_long-term_climatology_of_medicanes</ref>, whereas it is to note that there is a difference between the two regions: In fall there is a steady increase in Medicane formation in the western Mediterranean region whereas it decreases in January, in the Ionian region it is vise versa and Medicanes are much less frequent in fall than in January or February.<ref>http://www.academia.edu/4775469/A_long-term_climatology_of_medicanes</ref> Most Medicanes form in the western ] region, although some form in the Ionian region.<ref>http://www.academia.edu/4775469/A_long-term_climatology_of_medicanes</ref> In fall there is a steady increase in Medicane formation in the western Mediterranean region and a decrease in January; in the Ionian region it is the reverse - Medicanes are much less frequent in fall than in January or February.<ref>http://www.academia.edu/4775469/A_long-term_climatology_of_medicanes</ref>


==Evolution and life cycle== ==Evolution and life cycle==


Medicanes usually have a life cycle between 12 hours and 5 days and travel between ~700 and Medicanes usually have a life cycle between 12 hours and 5 days and travel between ~700 and
~3,000 km.<ref>http://www.hvonstorch.de/klima/pdf/cavicchia-2011.pdf</ref> These cyclonic storms are similar to tropical cyclones in the ] or the ], there are some differences concerning evolution of theses storms. Unlike ], which often evolve from a ], Medicanes often have developed from a cold upper-level low<ref>http://www.uib.es/depart/dfs/meteorologia/METEOROLOGIA/MEDICANES/introduction.html</ref>. In the first phase there is a baroclinic development, the second phase, however is much more like a convective tropical air-sea interaction<ref>convective tropical-like activity and air-sea interaction</ref> with sea temperatures above 26°C (78.8°F) ~3,000 km.<ref>http://www.hvonstorch.de/klima/pdf/cavicchia-2011.pdf</ref> Although similar to tropical cyclones in the ] or the ], their evolution is different. Unlike ], which often evolve from a ], Medicanes often develop from a cold upper-level low.<ref>http://www.uib.es/depart/dfs/meteorologia/METEOROLOGIA/MEDICANES/introduction.html</ref> In the first phase there is a baroclinic development. The second phase is much more like a convective tropical air-sea interaction<ref>convective tropical-like activity and air-sea interaction</ref> with sea temperatures above 26°C (78.8°F).


==References== ==References==

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Satellite image of a Medicane from 1995

A Medicane is a subtropical or tropical cyclonic storm system similar to a hurricane that occurs over the Mediterranean Sea. Medicanes do not usually reach hurricane strength, but may produce substantial damage because of their location near highly populated areas around the Mediterranean. Although the Mediterranean is not an officially designated tropical cyclone basin, cyclones having properties of a tropical cyclone occasionally form in the mid-latitudes and on rare occasions over the Black Sea. A medicane is small, has an axisymmetric cloud structure, generates strong winds, heavy rains, and thunderstorms. This phenomenon has often been named "Medicane" or "Tropical-like Mediterranean Storm (T.M.S.)".

Origin and local sub futures

About once or twice per year, usually during fall when the Mediterranean is still warm, a depression takes on the characteristics of a subtropical storm with clouds wrapped around an eye, intense thunderstorm activity, strong surface winds, and warm temperature in the center clouds. In a satellite image such a system can resemble a tropical storm, but without the dimensions or power. One example is a Medicane that threatened France from November 1, 2011 to November 9, 2011 and produced up to 800 mm of rain. Many other storms have been classified as Medicanes.

Satellite image of a December Medicane from 2005

Most Medicanes form in the western Mediterranean region, although some form in the Ionian region. In fall there is a steady increase in Medicane formation in the western Mediterranean region and a decrease in January; in the Ionian region it is the reverse - Medicanes are much less frequent in fall than in January or February.

Evolution and life cycle

Medicanes usually have a life cycle between 12 hours and 5 days and travel between ~700 and ~3,000 km. Although similar to tropical cyclones in the Caribbean or the Atlantic, their evolution is different. Unlike hurricanes, which often evolve from a tropical wave, Medicanes often develop from a cold upper-level low. In the first phase there is a baroclinic development. The second phase is much more like a convective tropical air-sea interaction with sea temperatures above 26°C (78.8°F).

References

  1. ftp://texmex.mit.edu/pub/emanuel/PAPERS/Romero_Emanuel_2013.pdf
  2. http://en.ria.ru/strange/20120127/170988652.html
  3. http://link.springer.com/article/10.3103%2FS1068373908040067#
  4. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F4061EF73B5A12738DDDAF0994DB405B868CF1D3
  5. http://www.uib.es/depart/dfs/meteorologia/METEOROLOGIA/ANGEL/ProceedingEUMETSAT07.pdf
  6. ftp://texmex.mit.edu/pub/emanuel/PAPERS/Romero_Emanuel_2013.pdf
  7. http://www.meteo.fr/cic/meetings/2012/ERAD/presentations/thursday/13A-4.pdf
  8. http://scienceandworldevents.wikia.com/Mediterranean_tropical_cyclone
  9. http://www.academia.edu/4775469/A_long-term_climatology_of_medicanes
  10. http://www.academia.edu/4775469/A_long-term_climatology_of_medicanes
  11. http://www.hvonstorch.de/klima/pdf/cavicchia-2011.pdf
  12. http://www.uib.es/depart/dfs/meteorologia/METEOROLOGIA/MEDICANES/introduction.html
  13. convective tropical-like activity and air-sea interaction

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