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| ==Anti-Communist struggle== | ==Anti-Communist struggle== | ||
| === Cooperation with Chetniks === | |||
| Based on instructions of ], ] officer Rudolf Perhinek established the communication with leader of Albanian catholics of northern Albania.<ref>{{cite book|last=Marović|first=Miodrag|title=Balkanski Džoker: Albanija i Albanci : istorijska hronika nastajanja i razvoja albanskog pitanja|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bXMvAQAAMAAJ|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Kulturni centar|page=339}}</ref> According to Perhinek, Prek Cali was politically opposed to the Muslims from Kosovo and he openly admitted that he used Cali to inspire conflicts between Catholics and Muslims in northern Albania.<ref>{{cite book|last=Marović|first=Miodrag|title=Balkanski Džoker: Albanija i Albanci : istorijska hronika nastajanja i razvoja albanskog pitanja|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bXMvAQAAMAAJ|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Kulturni centar|page=339|quote=... otvoreno stupio u političku borbu protiv muslimana Kosovara....Perhinek ne skriva da Prenka koristi u rasplamsavanju sukoba između katolika i muslimana u sjevernoj Albaniji...}}</ref> Prek Cali invited Chetnik officer Marko Vučeljić to have a meeting in Vermosh.{{sfn |Narod andrijevičkog sreza| 1978 | p=357}} Marko accepted Cali's invitation and sent his brother Tomo to meet with him above Vermosh.{{sfn |Narod andrijevičkog sreza| 1978 | p=357}}<ref name="Lekić1961">{{cite book|last=Lekić|first=Radovan|title=Andrijevički srez, 1941-1944: prilog istoriji NOB Crne Gore|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=V2hJAAAAMAAJ|year=1961|publisher=Obod|page=335|quote=... капе- тана Марка Вучељића на нени пријател>ски разговор. Марко није отишао, већ је послао свога брата резервног потпоручника Вучељића Тома, који се састао са Пренком изнад села Врмоше. Разговор између Пренк Цаља}}</ref> | |||
| Chetnik captain Marko Vučeljić established Chetnik military base in Vermosh.<ref name="Redžić2002">{{cite book|last=Redžić|first=Vučeta|title=Građanski rat u Crnoj Gori: Dešavanja od sredine 1942. godine do sredine 1945. godine|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=15awAAAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Stupovi|page=313|quote=Тих дана капетан Марко Вучељић је формирао четничку базу у Врмоши (Албанија) са ослоном на Куче. Тада се у долини реке Црње (подно Комова) окупила јача четничка група. Водио ју је Милан Мартиновић. }}</ref> | |||
| Prek Cali was ] of Chetnik commander ].<ref name="Ашанин2006">{{cite book|last=Ашанин|first=Чедомир И|title=На крсту српства|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OYZxAAAAMAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Студио "Огњен"|page=95|quote=Дошао је н>ихов вој- вода Принц Цал>е, то је био побратим Павла Ъуришића}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jokić|first=Branko|title=Fragment from manuscript "(Un)recognized patriot"|url=http://www.selo-velika.me/?p=348|publisher=Selo-velika|accessdate=17 January 2014|quote=Чак је смијенила злогласног Пренк Цаљу, касније и побратима војвјводе Павла Ђуришића, са којим се, према партизанским документма, током рата више пута састајао...}}</ref> | |||
| Pavle Đurišić was transferred to Plav in 1939, after Italian occupation of Albania, and was given a task to establish and maintain intelligence network to be used in case of Axis attack on Yugoslavia. This network was not much helpful during Axis invasion of Yugoslavia but was successfully used for struggle against communists in Montenegro and Albania.{{sfn|Pajović|1987|p=12}} Pavle Đurišić successfully agreed with Prek Cali support and bases for Chetniks on the territory of northern Albania, Plav and Gusinje.<ref name="BojovićTitogradu1985">{{cite book|last1=Bojović|first1=Jovan R.|last2=Titogradu|first2=Istorijski institut SR Crne Gore u|title=Prelomni događaji narodnooslobodilaćkog rata u Crnoj Gori 1943. godine: zbornik radova sa naućnog skupa održanog 19. i 20. XII 1983|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=97UzAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Istorijski institut SRCG|page=224|quote= Једини стварни успјех четника Павла Ђуришића да на просторима Плава, Гусиња и сјеверне Албаније створе своја упоришта и обезбиједе сарадњу у борби против народноослободилачког покрета остварен је у договорима са барјактаром племена Клименти Пренк Цаљем, који је био у директној служби италијанског окупатора, са чином фашистичког мајора.}}</ref> Draža Mihailović paid money to Prek Cali for his services and also delivered him some arms.{{sfn|Milovanović|Kljaković|1985| p=25|ps=Mihailović je usluge Prenka Galje novčano nagrađivao, a doturao mu je i nešto oružja.}} In April 1944 Chetnik commanders reported to Mihailović that Prek Cali distinguished himself by supporting Chetniks, not only through providing Chetniks with accommodation in Vermosh but also trough participation with a number of his men on Chetnik side in the campaign Chetniks undertook towards ], sometimes with ] from Plav and Gusinje.<ref name="Đaković1986">{{cite book|last=Đaković|first=Spasoje|title=Sukobi na Kosovu|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=z7pBAAAAYAAJ|year=1986|publisher=Narodna knjiga|pages=142, 144|quote=Држиш ли везу са Пренк Цалом (барјактар из Северне Албаније са седиштем у Врмоши и често је са вулнетарима са територије Плава и Гусиња нападао на партизане Црне Горе - Андријевицу и Беране...Војвода Пренк Цале је редак пример, који не само да помаже наш покрет пријатељским примањем нашег људства, него је са извесним бро- јем својих војника учествовао у нашој борби ка Андријевици. }}</ref> | |||
| At the end of 1944 Prek Cali was a member of delegation sent by Đurišić to agree with ] the safe retreat of Chetniks to Greece through Albania.<ref name="Redžić2002">{{cite book|last=Redžić|first=Vučeta|title=Građanski rat u Crnoj Gori: Dešavanja od sredine 1942. godine do sredine 1945. godine|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=15awAAAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Stupovi|page=510|quote=Делегацију су чинили Љубомир Вуксановић, Саво Вулетић, Дервиш Омербашић, Пренк Цаља, командант црногорске жандармерије мајор Димитрије Бољевић, Лазар Богетић и командант Кучко- ...}}</ref> According to one Chetniks' account, at the meeting with members of the Albanian government, Albanian prince{{who|date=January 2014}} appointed Cali as member of Albanian delegation responsible to define technical details of the agreement after Đurišić first informs Mihailović about it. Chetniks laughed at this and stated that prince took away Prek Cali from Chetnik delegation, which is a guarantee that everything will be arranged properly.<ref>{{cite book|title=Glasnik Srpskog istorijsko-kulturnog društva "Njegoš".|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=EuHlAAAAMAAJ|year=1959|publisher=Njegoš|page=57|quote=Кад смо чули име Пренк Цаље, ми смо се са задовољством насмејали и Вуксановић је одмах до- дао: "Ви нам га узесте, то нам је најбоља гаранција, да ће све поћи добрим путем".}}</ref> | |||
| === Death === | === Death === | ||
| By the end of the ], the main military and political force of the country (]) concentrated to the north of Albania to destroy the anti-communist forces and to eliminate its rivals. They met an open resistance in ] (adjacent region in ]), ] and ], which chieftains were openly anti-Communists. In January 15, 1945, a battle between partisans of the first Brigade (supported later by 23rd and 24th Brigade plus Yugoslav partisan forces) and anti-communist forces was fought at ]. Partisan forces lost 52 partisans; consequently, their communist terror was unmatched. About 150 Kelmendi people were killed, burnt alive, had their eyeballs out, were buried in holes or cruelly tortured. Their leader Prek Cali was surrounded in a cave in ] for a week; after that he surrendered. He was executed.<ref name="Shkodra"/> | By the end of the ], the main military and political force of the country (]) concentrated to the north of Albania to destroy the anti-communist forces and to eliminate its rivals. They met an open resistance in ] (adjacent region in ]), ] and ], which chieftains were openly anti-Communists. In January 15, 1945, a battle between partisans of the first Brigade (supported later by 23rd and 24th Brigade plus Yugoslav partisan forces) and anti-communist forces was fought at ]. Partisan forces lost 52 partisans; consequently, their communist terror was unmatched. About 150 Kelmendi people were killed, burnt alive, had their eyeballs out, were buried in holes or cruelly tortured. Their leader Prek Cali was surrounded in a cave in ] for a week; after that he surrendered. He was executed.<ref name="Shkodra"/> | ||
Revision as of 12:29, 21 January 2014
| Prek Cali | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Prek Pjetri (Cali) Hasanaj |
| Born | (1872-07-29)July 29, 1872 Vermosh, Kelmend, Ottoman Empire now Albania |
| Died | March 25, 1945(1945-03-25) (aged 66) Shkodër, People's Socialist Republic of Albania |
| Years of service | 1908–1945 |
| Rank | Commander |
| Commands | Kelmend |
| Battles / wars | Albanian Revolt of 1908 Albanian Revolt of 1911 Albania during the Balkan Wars Anti-Communism 1944-45 |
| Awards | Hero of Albania (after 2010) |
Prek Cali or Prenk Cali was a bayraktar of the Kelmendi Catholic clan in the northern Albanian region near Vermosh, nationalist, and anti-communist. Born in Vermosh, he fought in the Battle of Deçiq against the Ottoman Empire, and later against the Kingdom of Serbia, and finally against the communist forces under Enver Hoxha. Hoxha had him lured and killed him on Palm Sunday.
Plav and Gusinje
At the beginning of the Second World Prek Cali had between 200 and 1,200 armed men around Vermosh under his command. He took control over Plav and Gusinje in 1941, before Italian forces occupied it.
Anti-Communist struggle
Death
By the end of the Second World War, the main military and political force of the country (the communist partisans) concentrated to the north of Albania to destroy the anti-communist forces and to eliminate its rivals. They met an open resistance in Nikaj-Mërtur (adjacent region in Tropojë District), Dukagjin and Kelmend, which chieftains were openly anti-Communists. In January 15, 1945, a battle between partisans of the first Brigade (supported later by 23rd and 24th Brigade plus Yugoslav partisan forces) and anti-communist forces was fought at Tamara Bridge. Partisan forces lost 52 partisans; consequently, their communist terror was unmatched. About 150 Kelmendi people were killed, burnt alive, had their eyeballs out, were buried in holes or cruelly tortured. Their leader Prek Cali was surrounded in a cave in Vukël for a week; after that he surrendered. He was executed.
In literature and arts
Mihailo Lalić mentioned Cali in his novel "Pramen Tame" and short story "Posljednje brdo".
References
- Luigj Martini (2005). Prek Cali, Kelmendi dhe kelmendasit (in Albanian). Camaj-Pipaj. p. 66. ISBN 9789994334070.
- Neuwirth, Hubert (2008). Widerstand und Kollaboration in Albanien 1939-1944. Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 216. ISBN 978-3-447-05783-7.
... Prenk Cali, dem Bajraktar von Vermosh...
- ^ Ndue Bacaj (Gazeta "Malësia") (March 2001), Prek Cali thërret: Rrnoftë Shqipnia, poshtë komunizmi (in Albanian), Shkoder.net, retrieved 12-25-13
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - Borozan, Đorđe (1995). Velika Albanija: poreklo - ideje - praksa. Vojnoizdavački insitut Vojske. p. 503.
- Serbia), Vojnoistorijski institut (Belgrade,. Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu naroda Jugoslavija. Vojnoistorijski institut. p. 203.
...са Пренк Цалем налази се око Врмоше око 1.200 бораца
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Kostić, Dušan (1954). Krajevi i ljudi. Narodna knjiga. p. 27.
- Lalić, Mihailo (1979). Pramen tame: roman. Nolit. p. 44.
Lijevom stranom, Zeletinom, vodi Prenk Caljo klimenačke palikuće iz Vrmoše da se osvete što su dugih dvadeset godina bili prinuđeni da žive bez pljačke.
- Lalić, Mihailo (1967). Posljednje brdo: Pripovetke. "Nolit,". p. 211.
... води Пренк Цал>о католике од Врмоше и Вусан>це да се нашьач^у и прославе; да иза н>их не заостане,
Sources
- Pajović, Radoje (1977). Kontrarevolucija u Crnoj Gori: Četnički i federalistički pokret 1941–1945 (in Serbo-Croatian). Cetinje, Yugoslavia: Obod.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Narod andrijevičkog sreza (1978). VATRE sa Komova: Narod andrijevičkog sreza u NOP 1941-1945. Mjesni odbor SUBNORA-a.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Milovanović, Nikola B.; Kljaković, Vojmir (1985). Draža Mihailović. Centar za informacije i publicitet.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Pajović, Radoje (1987). Pavle Đurišić (in Serbo-Croatian). Zagreb, Yugoslavia: Centar za informacije i publicitet. ISBN 978-86-7125-006-1.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Martini, Luigj (2005). Prek Cali, Kelmendi dhe kelmendasit. Camaj-Pipaj. ISBN 978-99943-34-07-0.
- Isa Blumi (10 May 2011). Reinstating the Ottomans: Alternative Balkan Modernities, 1800-1912. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-11908-6.