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| {{hatnote|This article is about the 2013 typhoon. For other uses, see ] and ].}} | |||
| {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}} | |||
| {{Infobox Hurricane | |||
| | Name = Typhoon (Yolanda) | |||
| | Year = 2005 | |||
| | Basin = WPac | |||
| | Type = tropical storm | |||
| | Image location = South East anglia Nov 7 2005 1345Z.png | |||
| | Image alt = Satellite image of a tropical cyclone with a very well defined eye and sprawling rainbands over open water approaching the Philippines. | |||
| | Image name = Typhoon Haiyan at peak intensity on November 7 | |||
| | Formed = November 3, 2013 | |||
| | Dissipated = November 11, 2013 | |||
| | 10-min winds = 125 | |||
| | 1-min winds = 170 | |||
| | Pressure = 895 | |||
| | Pressurepost = Estimated | |||
| | Fatalities = 53 confirmed, 1,061 missing<!-- Do not update Philippine totals until situation reports from the NDRRMC are released; Add 3 people (combined Death toll from China, Taiwan, and Vietnam) per update in the Philippines; The 10,000 initial estimate was not official as this only came from a police officer and not from any official agency. The estimate was then sensationalized by the media around the world--> | |||
| | Damages = 1500 <!-- China: $732 million, Philippines: $827 million --> | |||
| | Damagespost = Preliminary total | |||
| | Hurricane season = ] | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Typhoon Haiyan''', known as '''Typhoon Yolanda''' in the Philippines, was a powerful ] that devastated portions of ], particularly the ], on November 8, 2005. It is the deadliest ] off record,<ref>{{cite report | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25051606 | title=Typhoon Haiyan death toll rises over 4 | publisher='']'' | date=November 22, 2013 | accessdate=November 22, 2013}}</ref> killing at least 6,201 people in that country alone.<ref name="NDRRMC"/> <!-- only use Philippine total here, not the one listed in the infobox --> Haiyan is also the strongest storm recorded at ], and unofficially the strongest typhoon ever recorded in terms of wind speed.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2013/11/12/was-typhoon-haiyan-a-record-storm/ | title=Was Typhoon Haiyan a Record Storm? | publisher='']'' | date=November 27, 2013 | accessdate=November 27, 2013 | last=Fischetti | first=Mark}}</ref>. | |||
| The thirtieth ] of the ], Haiyan originated from an ] several hundred kilometers east-southeast of ] in the ] on November 2, 2013. Tracking generally westward, environmental conditions favored ] and the system developed into a tropical depression the following day. After becoming a tropical storm and attaining the name ''Haiyan'' at 0000 ] on November 4, the system began a period of ] that brought it to ] intensity by 1800 UTC on November 5. By November 6, the ] (JTWC) assessed the system as a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon on the ]; the storm passed over the island of ] in Palau shortly after attaining this strength. | |||
| Thereafter, it continued to intensify; at 1200 UTC on November 7, the ] (JMA) upgraded the storm's maximum ten-minute sustained winds to 230 km/h (145 mph), the highest in relation to the cyclone. | |||
| ==Meteorological history== | |||
| {{Main|Meteorological history of Typhoon Haiyan}} | |||
| {{storm path|Haiyan 2013 track.png|left|300px|caption=Map showing the path of a storm as represented by colored dots connected by a white line; the position of the dots indicates the storm's position at six-hour intervals, while color denotes the storm's intensity at that point.}} | |||
| On November 2, the ] (JTWC) began monitoring a broad ] about 425 kilometers (265 miles) east-southeast of ], one of the states in the ].{{#tag:ref|The ] is a joint ] – ] task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.<ref>{{cite report | url=https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html | title=Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement | publisher='']'', '']'' | accessdate=November 8, 2013 | year=2011 | archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070726103400/https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html | archivedate=July 26, 2007}}</ref>|group="nb"}} Moving through a region favoring ],<ref>{{cite report | url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABPW10-PGTW_201311020600.htm | title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans | publisher='']'' | date=November 2, 2013 | accessdate=November 8, 2013 | archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KpCqHoqW | archivedate=November 2, 2013}}</ref> the ] (JMA) classified the developing system as a ] early on November 3.<ref name="Haiyan BT">{{cite report|url=http://www.wis-jma.go.jp/cms/warning/2013/12/18/typhoon-best-track-2013-12-18t000000z/|type=RSMC Tropical Cyclone Best Track|title=Typhoon Haiyan|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|accessdate=December 21, 2013|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Lx74uqrc|archivedate=December 18, 2013|deadurl=no|date=December 18, 2013}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The ] (JMA) is the official ] for the western Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite report | url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2000/Text/Text2000.pdf | title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000 | publisher='']'' | date=February 2001 | accessdate=November 8, 2013 | format=PDF | page=3}}</ref>|group="nb"}} Subsequent intensification resulted in the JMA upgrading the system to a ] and ] ''Haiyan'' ({{zh|c=海燕|l=]}}) at 0000 UTC on November 4.<ref name="Haiyan BT"/> Tracking generally westward along the southern periphery of a ],<ref>{{cite report | url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN33-PGTW_201311040300.htm | title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 04 | publisher='']'', '']'' | date=November 4, 2013 | accessdate=November 6, 2013 | archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KsFydcwI | archivedate=November 4, 2013}}</ref> ] ensued by November 5 as a ] with an embedded ] began developing; the JMA classified Haiyan as a typhoon later that day.<ref name="Haiyan BT"/> By November 6, the ] (PAGASA) assigned the storm the local name ''Yolanda'' as it approached their ].<ref>{{cite report | url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/TCUPDATE_201311061500.htm | title=Tropical Cyclone Warning: Typhoon "Yolanda" (Haiyan) Severe Weather Bulletin Number One | publisher='']'' | date=November 6, 2013 | accessdate=November 8, 2013 | archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6Kwnw52sm | archivedate=November 7, 2013}}</ref> Intensification slowed somewhat during the day, though the JTWC estimated the storm to have attained ] super typhoon status on the ] around 1200 UTC.{{#tag:ref|A super typhoon is defined as a tropical cyclone with one-minute sustained winds of at least 240 km/h (150 mph).<ref>{{cite report | url=http://www.typhoon2000.ph/garyp_mgtcs/oct06sum.txt | title=Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary – October 2006 | publisher=''Typhoon 2000'' | date=February 21, 2007 | accessdate=November 8, 2013 | author=Gary Padgett, Kevin Boyle, and Simon Clarke | format=Report}}</ref>|group="nb"|name="STY"}}<ref>{{cite report|publisher='']'', '']''|date=November 6, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Nr 14|url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN33-PGTW_201311061500.htm|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KwmydkMk|archivedate=November 7, 2013}}</ref> Later, the eye of the typhoon passed over the island of ] in Palau.<ref name="palau"/> Around 1200 UTC on November 7, Haiyan attained ten-minute sustained winds of 230 km/h (145 mph) and a maximum intensity (lowest ]) of 895 ] (]; 26.43 ]).<ref name="Haiyan BT"/> Six hours later, the JTWC estimated Haiyan to have attained one-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph) and gusts up to 378 km/h (235 mph).<ref name="JTWC-PR19">{{cite report|publisher='']'', '']''|date=November 7, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Nr 19|url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN33-PGTW_201311072100.htm|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KyWsFio5|archivedate=November 8, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| The storm displayed some characteristics of an ], though a strong convective band remained present along the western side of the system.<ref name="JTWC-PR19"/> At 2040 UTC on November 7, Typhoon Haiyan made ] in ], ] at peak intensity with ten-minute sustained winds of 230 km/h (145 mph) as measured by PAGASA.<ref name="webcitation1">{{cite report|publisher='']''|date=November 7, 2013|accessdate=November 9, 2013|title=Tropical Cyclone Warning: Typhoon "Yolanda" (Haiyan) Severe Weather Bulletin Number Six|url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/TCUPDATE_201311072100.htm|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KyWeLtJu|archivedate=November 8, 2013}}</ref> The JTWC's unofficial estimate of one-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph) would, by that measure, make Haiyan the most powerful storm ever recorded to strike land.<ref name="JeffMNov7">{{cite web | url=http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=2573 | title=Super Typhoon Haiyan: Strongest Landfalling Tropical Cyclone on Record | publisher='']'' | date=November 7, 2013 | accessdate=November 8, 2013 | author=Jeff Masters}}</ref> Interaction with land caused slight degradation of the storm's structure, though it remained an exceptionally powerful storm when it struck ] around 2300 UTC.<ref>{{cite report|publisher='']'', '']''|date=November 7, 2013|accessdate=November 9, 2013|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 20|url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN33-PGTW_201311080300.htm|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KyWrqrzk|archivedate=November 8, 2013}}</ref> The typhoon made four additional landfalls as it traversed the Visayas:<ref>{{cite news | publisher='']'' | date=November 9, 2013 | accessdate=November 9, 2013 | title=PAGASA: Typhoon Yolanda exits PAR | url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/334732/weather/pagasa-typhoon-yolanda-exits-par}}</ref> ], ], ], and ]. A weakened Haiyan, with its core disrupted by interaction with the Philippines, emerged over the ] late on November 8.<ref>{{cite report|publisher='']'', '']''|date=November 8, 2013|accessdate=November 9, 2013|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 23|url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN33-PGTW_201311082100.htm|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6KztmpYEu|archivedate=November 9, 2013}}</ref> Environmental conditions ahead of the storm soon became less favorable, as cool stable air began wrapping into the western side of the circulation.<ref>{{cite report|publisher='']'', '']''|date=November 9, 2013|accessdate=November 10, 2013|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 25|url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN33-PGTW_201311090900.htm|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6L1NCKaXs|archivedate=November 10, 2013}}</ref> Continuing across the South China Sea, Haiyan turned more northwesterly late on November 9 and through November 10 as it moved around the southwestern edge of the subtropical ridge previously steering it westward.<ref>{{cite report|publisher='']'', '']''|date=November 10, 2013|accessdate=November 10, 2013|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 28|url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN33-PGTW_201311100300.htm|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6L1NBXDh2|archivedate=November 10, 2013}}</ref> Rapid weakening ensued as Haiyan approached its final landfall in Vietnam,<ref>{{cite report|publisher='']'', '']''|date=November 10, 2013|accessdate=November 10, 2013|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 31|url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WDPN33-PGTW_201311102100.htm|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6L2H79sPD|archivedate=November 10, 2013}}</ref> ultimately striking the country near ] around 2100 UTC as a severe tropical storm.<ref name="Haiyan BT"/> Once onshore, the storm quickly diminished and was last noted as it dissipated over ], China during November 11.<ref name="Haiyan BT"/> | |||