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{{for|the village in Iran|Raju, Iran}} {{for|the village in Iran|Raju, Iran}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes|expiry=08:49, 21 February 2015 (UTC)}}
{{Infobox caste {{Infobox caste
| caste_name = Raju | caste_name = Raju("Kshatriya" according to the Government of India)
| varna = ](] & ])
| populated_states = ]
| languages = ] | religions = ]
| populated_states = ](mostly), ], ], ], ] & ].
| religions =
| languages = ], ], ], ], ] & ]
| classification = ]
| related = ], ]
}} }}
The '''Raju''' (or '''Rajulu'''{{cn|date=March 2014}}) are a ] caste found mostly in the Indian state of ].


The '''Raju''' (or '''Rajulu''') are ] in Andhra Pradesh..<ref>http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=rIRGU-HwBsjirAfM5YHIDw&id=LSeOAAAAMAAJ&dq=inauthor%3A%22K.+Ramachandra+Murty%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=rajus</ref><ref name="Srinivasulu 3">{{cite web |title=Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories |first=K. |last=Srinivasulu |page=3 |location=London |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |date=September 2002 |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp179.pdf |isbn=0-85003-612-7 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India |first=K. C. |last=Suri |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |location=London |date=September 2002 |page=10 |isbn=0-85003-613-5 |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp180.pdf |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref><ref name="books.google.co.in">http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=KDk5U9-uOoS_rgeu_oCYAg&id=1lZuAAAAMAAJ&dq=india%27s+communities&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Raju</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">http://books.google.co.in/books?id=oQOF7tkWXjIC&pg=PA98&dq=raju+-+Kshatriya+caste&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L0w5U77QHY6ErAferYCIAg&ved=0CGAQ6AEwCTgK#v=snippet&q=kshatriya&f=false</ref><ref>http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=zjM6U6ePDYuFrAfx34CIDQ&id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&dq=communities%2Csegments&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=kshatriya+raju</ref><ref>http://books.google.co.in/books?id=aXOSAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA38&dq=Rajus-+A+Kshatriya+caste&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mSM6U-OpBMSXrAf6iIGoDg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=snippet&q=Rajus&f=false</ref><ref>http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=xyM6U8vKH8bZrQeSzICQCg&id=gzpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Rajus-+A+Kshatriya+caste&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Rajus</ref><ref>http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=TyY6U4nzCIvprQfl04HoDw&id=UDpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=koushika+gotra+rajus&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=raju</ref><ref>http://books.google.co.in/books?id=4P1IAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=rajus</ref>
==Etymology and claims of Kshatriya status==
The Raju caste, which A. Satyanarayana calls the "locally dominant landed gentry", claims ] status in the ''varna'' system despite there being "no real Kshatriya varna" in the Andhra region.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Growth of Education among the Dalit-Bahujan Communities in Modern Andhra, 1893-1947 |first=A. |last=Satyanarayana |title=Education and the Disprivileged: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century India |editor-first=Sabyasachi |editor-last=Bhattacharya |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2002 |isbn=978-81-250-2192-6 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=f-jBIp3iWdEC |page=53 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>{{efn|The anthropologist Minna Säävälä glossarises the present-day Rajus as a "higher caste of traditional warriors and rulers; Kshatriya",<ref>{{cite book|first=Minna |last=Säävälä |title=Fertility and familial power relations: procreation in south India|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=c9FwQxGqwOUC&pg=PA16 |accessdate=4 March 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7007-1484-1 |page=xvi}}</ref> but does not provide an explanation or source for this description.}} They also claim descent from the ancient royal dynasties of India such as the ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref>{{cite book| title=A History of the Early Dynasties of Andhradesa |first=B.V |last= Krishnarao |year=1942 |publisher=V. Ramaswami Sastrulu |isbn= |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=ONSCAAAAIAAJ&q=A+History+of+the+Early+Dynasties+of+Andhradesa&dq=A+History+of+the+Early+Dynasties+of+Andhradesa |page=258}}</ref>


==Etymology==
''Raju'' is a ] variant of the ] title '']'', a term for a monarch or princely ruler. Cynthia Talbot describes the term as being
''Raju'' is a ] variant of the ] title ''Raja'', which Austin Cynthia Talbot describes as being "most often used by members of noble or princely lineages. could also designate an individual employed by a lord or prince." In medieval Andhra Pradesh, the title was used in both senses and was very likely adopted by some secular ]s, who occupied important advisory functions. The royal usage at that time was particularly prevalent in the northern coastal areas of the region. Talbot also notes that the title, and others in use at that time, do not align with the ] four-fold ] system and in that sense could not refer to a ].<ref>{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |pages=57–58 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref> However, they do appear to have conformed to "the existence of broad social categories based primarily on occupation. Although did not necessarily designate a distinct class, much less a bounded community, or a hereditary grouping, various sets of these titles differentiated social types marked by a common status and shared occupation".<ref>{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |page=61 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref> Temple inscriptions from the period of the ] refer both to royal and clerical ''rajus'' as donors, together with peasant leaders called '']''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |page=112 |accessdate=2014-03-04}}</ref>
{{quote|...most often used by members of noble or princely lineages. could also designate an individual employed by a lord or prince.<ref name="talbot" />}}


The anthropologist Minna Säävälä describes the present-day Rajus as a "higher caste of traditional warriors and rulers; Kshatriya."<ref>{{cite book|first=Minna |last=Säävälä |title=Fertility and familial power relations: procreation in south India|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=c9FwQxGqwOUC&pg=PA16 |accessdate=4 March 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7007-1484-1 |page=xvi}}</ref> From the medieval period, the term "Andhra Kshatriya" has been used synonymously with Rachavaru, Rajus and Telugu Kshatriya.<ref name=Krishnarao>{{cite book| title=A History of the Early Dynasties of Andhradesa |first=B.V |last= Krishnarao |year=1942 |isbn= |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=ONSCAAAAIAAJ |page=149,159 |publisher=V. Ramaswami Sastrulu}}</ref>
In medieval Andhra Pradesh, the title was used in both senses, and was very likely adopted by some secular ]s, who occupied important advisory functions. The royal usage at that time was particularly prevalent in the northern coastal areas of the region. Talbot also notes that the title, and others in use at that time, do not align with the ] four-fold ] system and in that sense could not refer to a ].<ref name="talbot">{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |pages=57–58 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref> However, they do appear to have conformed to
{{quote|...the existence of broad social categories based primarily on occupation. Although did not necessarily designate a distinct class, much less a bounded community, or a hereditary grouping, various sets of these titles differentiated social types marked by a common status and shared occupation.<ref name="Talbot">{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |page=61 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>}}


The present-day ] were descended from the ancient royal dynasties of India such as the ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref>{{cite book| title=A History of the Early Dynasties of Andhradesa |first=B.V |last= Krishnarao |year=1942 |publisher=V. Ramaswami Sastrulu |isbn= |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=ONSCAAAAIAAJ&q=A+History+of+the+Early+Dynasties+of+Andhradesa&dq=A+History+of+the+Early+Dynasties+of+Andhradesa |page=258}}</ref>] were classified as ] and ].<ref name="books.google.co.in"/><ref name="Krishnarao"/><ref>http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=eS86U_n9H8WOrQf_m4CwCg&id=cpxhAAAAIAAJ&dq=rajus+suryavamsam&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=suryavamsam</ref><ref name="archive.org">http://www.archive.org/stream/castestribesofso06thuriala#page/250/mode/2up</ref><ref>http://books.google.co.in/books?id=P3LiAAAAMAAJ&q=suryavamsam+rajus&dq=suryavamsam+rajus&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KzA6U-icEcOFrAfsjYGYCw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA</ref><ref>http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=1y86U__7KsePrQfXhIGIBg&id=CBIwAQAAIAAJ&dq=chandravamsam+rajus&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=chandravamsam</ref> Their Gotras include "Vasishta","Dhanumjaya","Kasyapa","Koundinya"and also"Pasupati".<ref name="books.google.co.in"/><ref name="archive.org"/><ref name="ReferenceB">http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=a0Q5U7feJcPrrQegyYDQDw&id=1lZuAAAAMAAJ&dq=gotras+of+Rajus+%40+K+S+SINGH&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=pasupati</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=8jg5U4uiJ4PyrQfgpYG4Dg&id=P3LiAAAAMAAJ&dq=people+of+india+tamil+nadu&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=pasupati</ref><ref>http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=1y86U__7KsePrQfXhIGIBg&id=CBIwAQAAIAAJ&dq=chandravamsam+rajus&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=raju</ref> The gotras of "Rajus" are named after sages.<ref>http://www.archive.org/stream/castestribesofso06thuriala#page/250/mode/2up</ref>
Temple inscriptions from the period of the ], a ]n dynasty that flourished between 1175-1324 CE in the Telugu-speaking lands now in Andhra Pradesh, refer both to royal and clerical ''rajus'' as donors, together with peasant leaders called '']''.<ref>{{cite book |title=Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Austin Cynthia |last=Talbot |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-513661-6 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |pages=17, 112 |accessdate=2014-03-4}}</ref>

==Ethnonyms==
Over the centuries they have been called by various alternative names that signified their military status. During the ] they were known as ''Ratsas'' and ''Rajavars'', which means of or belonging to the caste of ''Ratsawars''<ref name="Maclean1877">{{cite book|author=C. D. Maclean|title=Standing information regarding the official administration of the Madras presidency in each department: in illustration of the yearly administration reports|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=23gdAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA341|accessdate=25 July 2011|year=1877|publisher=E. Keys|pages=341–}}</ref> (Raja Caste),<ref name="ChandraUniversity1977">{{cite book|author1=Satish Chandra|author2=Sri Venkatesvara University|title=Sri Rebala Lakshminarasa Reddy Endowment lectures, 1976|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=PkAtAAAAIAAJ|accessdate=25 July 2011|date=1977*|publisher=Sri Venkateswara University}}</ref> using the title of ''Raju''.<ref>{{cite book| title=A History of the Early Dynasties of Andhradesa |first=B.V |last= Krishnarao |year=1942 |publisher=V. Ramaswami Sastrulu |isbn= |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=ONSCAAAAIAAJ&q=A+History+of+the+Early+Dynasties+of+Andhradesa&dq=A+History+of+the+Early+Dynasties+of+Andhradesa |page=269}}</ref> {{As of|2002}}, the "'''Kshatriya'''" i.e. "Rajus" of Andhra Pradesh constituted up to 1.2 per cent of the population in Andhra Pradesh, concentrated mainly in the ].<ref name="Srinivasulu 3"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>


==Modern community== ==Modern community==
After the independence of India, Zamindari was abolished. During this time many Raju zamindars donated their property and land liberally for the upliftment of poor and education. Vizianagaram is the oldest and largest Hindu Princely State of Andhra Pradesh (Samsthanam). Maharaja PVG Raju donated his Royal State to Republic of India. He also donated enormous wealth, Khazana, land, gold, diamonds, properties, palaces to Korukonda Sainik school, Andhra University, Mansas Trust and to poor and needy for schools, colleges and hospitals.<ref>http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2002080501120200.htm&date=2002/08/05/&prd=mp&</ref>


⚫ A report published by the ] in 2002 described the Rajus of Andhra as an ex-warrior caste and noted that along with the ] and ] they were "important communities with considerable political significance in the State, although in numerical terms they constitute only a small percentage of the population and spatially are confined only to small pockets."<ref name="Srinivasulu 3"/>"'''Kshatriya'''" i.e. "Rajus" of Andhra Pradesh are designated as forward caste.<ref>Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories. K. Srinivasulu Pg 6, 11, 51 </ref>
===Population===
A report published by the ] in 2002, describing the Rajus of Andhra as an ex-warrior caste, noted that along with the ] and ] they were
⚫ {{quote|...important communities with considerable political significance in the State, although in numerical terms they constitute only a small percentage of the population and spatially are confined only to small pockets.<ref>{{cite web |title=Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories |first=K. |last=Srinivasulu |page=3 |location=London |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |date=September 2002 |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp179.pdf |isbn=0-85003-612-7 |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>}}


⚫ A well-known contemporary "Raju (Kshatriya)" was ].<ref>N. Suman Bhat (2005), ''Saints of the masses'', Sura Books, p.82</ref>
{{As of|2002}} the Rajus constituted less than 1 per cent of the population in Andhra Pradesh, concentrated mainly in the ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India |first=K. C. |last=Suri |publisher=Overseas Development Institute |location=London |date=September 2002 |page=10 |isbn=0-85003-613-5 |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp180.pdf |accessdate=2012-02-29}}</ref>


==See also==
⚫ A well-known contemporary Raju was ].<ref>N. Suman Bhat (2005), ''Saints of the masses'', Sura Books, p.82</ref>
*]


==References== ==References==
'''Notes'''
{{notelist}}
'''Citations'''
{{reflist|2}} {{reflist|2}}


] ]
]
] ]
]
]
]
]
]

Revision as of 12:27, 10 April 2014

For the village in Iran, see Raju, Iran.
Raju("Kshatriya" according to the Government of India)
ClassificationForward Caste
ReligionsHinduism
LanguagesTelugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Oriya, Marathi & Kannada
Populated statesAndhra Pradesh(mostly), Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, Maharashtra & Kerala.
Related groupsKshatriya, Rajaputra

The Raju (or Rajulu) are Kshatriyas in Andhra Pradesh..

Etymology

Raju is a Telugu language variant of the Sanskrit title Raja, which Austin Cynthia Talbot describes as being "most often used by members of noble or princely lineages. could also designate an individual employed by a lord or prince." In medieval Andhra Pradesh, the title was used in both senses and was very likely adopted by some secular Brahmins, who occupied important advisory functions. The royal usage at that time was particularly prevalent in the northern coastal areas of the region. Talbot also notes that the title, and others in use at that time, do not align with the Vedic four-fold varna system and in that sense could not refer to a caste. However, they do appear to have conformed to "the existence of broad social categories based primarily on occupation. Although did not necessarily designate a distinct class, much less a bounded community, or a hereditary grouping, various sets of these titles differentiated social types marked by a common status and shared occupation". Temple inscriptions from the period of the Kakatiya dynasty refer both to royal and clerical rajus as donors, together with peasant leaders called reddies.

The anthropologist Minna Säävälä describes the present-day Rajus as a "higher caste of traditional warriors and rulers; Kshatriya." From the medieval period, the term "Andhra Kshatriya" has been used synonymously with Rachavaru, Rajus and Telugu Kshatriya.

The present-day Rajus were descended from the ancient royal dynasties of India such as the Eastern Chalukyas, Chalukya-Cholas, Vishnukundina, Gajapati, Chagi, Paricheda and Kota Vamsa.Rajus were classified as Suryavamsamu and Chandravamsamu. Their Gotras include "Vasishta","Dhanumjaya","Kasyapa","Koundinya"and also"Pasupati". The gotras of "Rajus" are named after sages.

Ethnonyms

Over the centuries they have been called by various alternative names that signified their military status. During the British Raj they were known as Ratsas and Rajavars, which means of or belonging to the caste of Ratsawars (Raja Caste), using the title of Raju. As of 2002, the "Kshatriya" i.e. "Rajus" of Andhra Pradesh constituted up to 1.2 per cent of the population in Andhra Pradesh, concentrated mainly in the coastal region.

Modern community

After the independence of India, Zamindari was abolished. During this time many Raju zamindars donated their property and land liberally for the upliftment of poor and education. Vizianagaram is the oldest and largest Hindu Princely State of Andhra Pradesh (Samsthanam). Maharaja PVG Raju donated his Royal State to Republic of India. He also donated enormous wealth, Khazana, land, gold, diamonds, properties, palaces to Korukonda Sainik school, Andhra University, Mansas Trust and to poor and needy for schools, colleges and hospitals.

A report published by the Overseas Development Institute in 2002 described the Rajus of Andhra as an ex-warrior caste and noted that along with the Kapu and Vellamar they were "important communities with considerable political significance in the State, although in numerical terms they constitute only a small percentage of the population and spatially are confined only to small pockets.""Kshatriya" i.e. "Rajus" of Andhra Pradesh are designated as forward caste.

A well-known contemporary "Raju (Kshatriya)" was Sai Baba.

See also

References

  1. http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=rIRGU-HwBsjirAfM5YHIDw&id=LSeOAAAAMAAJ&dq=inauthor%3A%22K.+Ramachandra+Murty%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=rajus
  2. ^ Srinivasulu, K. (September 2002). "Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories" (PDF). London: Overseas Development Institute. p. 3. ISBN 0-85003-612-7. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  3. Suri, K. C. (September 2002). "Democratic Process and Electoral Politics in Andhra Pradesh, India" (PDF). London: Overseas Development Institute. p. 10. ISBN 0-85003-613-5. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  4. ^ http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=KDk5U9-uOoS_rgeu_oCYAg&id=1lZuAAAAMAAJ&dq=india%27s+communities&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Raju
  5. ^ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=oQOF7tkWXjIC&pg=PA98&dq=raju+-+Kshatriya+caste&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L0w5U77QHY6ErAferYCIAg&ved=0CGAQ6AEwCTgK#v=snippet&q=kshatriya&f=false
  6. http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=zjM6U6ePDYuFrAfx34CIDQ&id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&dq=communities%2Csegments&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=kshatriya+raju
  7. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=aXOSAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA38&dq=Rajus-+A+Kshatriya+caste&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mSM6U-OpBMSXrAf6iIGoDg&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=snippet&q=Rajus&f=false
  8. http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=xyM6U8vKH8bZrQeSzICQCg&id=gzpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=Rajus-+A+Kshatriya+caste&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Rajus
  9. http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=TyY6U4nzCIvprQfl04HoDw&id=UDpuAAAAMAAJ&dq=koushika+gotra+rajus&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=raju
  10. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=4P1IAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=rajus
  11. Talbot, Austin Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 57–58. ISBN 978-0-19-513661-6. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  12. Talbot, Austin Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-19-513661-6. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  13. Talbot, Austin Cynthia (2001). Precolonial India in practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-19-513661-6. Retrieved 2014-03-04.
  14. Säävälä, Minna (2001). Fertility and familial power relations: procreation in south India. Psychology Press. p. xvi. ISBN 978-0-7007-1484-1. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
  15. ^ Krishnarao, B.V (1942). A History of the Early Dynasties of Andhradesa. V. Ramaswami Sastrulu. p. 149,159.
  16. Krishnarao, B.V (1942). A History of the Early Dynasties of Andhradesa. V. Ramaswami Sastrulu. p. 258.
  17. http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=eS86U_n9H8WOrQf_m4CwCg&id=cpxhAAAAIAAJ&dq=rajus+suryavamsam&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=suryavamsam
  18. ^ http://www.archive.org/stream/castestribesofso06thuriala#page/250/mode/2up
  19. http://books.google.co.in/books?id=P3LiAAAAMAAJ&q=suryavamsam+rajus&dq=suryavamsam+rajus&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KzA6U-icEcOFrAfsjYGYCw&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAA
  20. http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=1y86U__7KsePrQfXhIGIBg&id=CBIwAQAAIAAJ&dq=chandravamsam+rajus&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=chandravamsam
  21. http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=a0Q5U7feJcPrrQegyYDQDw&id=1lZuAAAAMAAJ&dq=gotras+of+Rajus+%40+K+S+SINGH&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=pasupati
  22. http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=8jg5U4uiJ4PyrQfgpYG4Dg&id=P3LiAAAAMAAJ&dq=people+of+india+tamil+nadu&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=pasupati
  23. http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=1y86U__7KsePrQfXhIGIBg&id=CBIwAQAAIAAJ&dq=chandravamsam+rajus&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=raju
  24. http://www.archive.org/stream/castestribesofso06thuriala#page/250/mode/2up
  25. C. D. Maclean (1877). Standing information regarding the official administration of the Madras presidency in each department: in illustration of the yearly administration reports. E. Keys. pp. 341–. Retrieved 25 July 2011.
  26. Satish Chandra; Sri Venkatesvara University (1977*). Sri Rebala Lakshminarasa Reddy Endowment lectures, 1976. Sri Venkateswara University. Retrieved 25 July 2011. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. Krishnarao, B.V (1942). A History of the Early Dynasties of Andhradesa. V. Ramaswami Sastrulu. p. 269.
  28. http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2002080501120200.htm&date=2002/08/05/&prd=mp&
  29. Caste, Class and Social Articulation In Andhra Pradesh. Mapping Differential Regional Tragectories. K. Srinivasulu Pg 6, 11, 51
  30. N. Suman Bhat (2005), Saints of the masses, Sura Books, p.82
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