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| ImageFile = L-Norleucin.svg | ImageFile = L-Norleucin.svg
| ImageSize = 180px | ImageSize = 180px
| IUPACName = (2S)-2-aminohexanoic acid | IUPACName = (2''S'')-2-Aminohexanoic acid
|OtherNames = |OtherNames =
Caprine<br /> Caprine<br />
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards | Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| Rphrases = 43 | Rphrases = 43
| SPhrases = 36/37 | SPhrases = {{S36/37}}
}} }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related | Section8 = {{Chembox Related
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⚫ '''Norleucine''' (abbreviated as '''Nle''') is an isomer of ], the α-] 2-amino-hexanoic acid. It is not found in natural ]s. Norleucine is used in experimental studies of protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to ], however it does not contain ]. The use of the name norleucine is discouraged as it is a misnomer, given than nor is defined for an amino acid with one less methylene group than found in the proteinogenic form.<ref>Nomenclature and Symbolism For Amino Acids and Peptides. Pure and Applied Chemistry, Vol. 56, No. 5, pp.595-624, 1984.</ref> As it is short, the systematic name is most appropriate.


⚫ '''Norleucine''' (abbreviated as '''Nle''') is an isomer of ], the α-] 2-amino-hexanoic acid. It is not found in natural ]s. Norleucine is used in experimental studies of protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to ], however it does not contain ]. The use of the name norleucine is discouraged as it is a misnomer, given than nor is defined for an amino acid with one less methylene group than found in the proteinogenic form.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Nomenclature and Symbolism For Amino Acids and Peptides | journal = Pure and Applied Chemistry | volume = 56 | issue = 5 | pages = 595-624 | date = 1984}}</ref> As it is short, the systematic name is most appropriate.
⚫ Norleucine's structural similarity to the naturally occurring amino acid ], has been used to show the roll of ] in ] (AβP) the central constituent of senile plaques in ]. A study showed that with the substitution of the ] at the 35 position with norleucine the neurotoxic effects of the Aβ peptides were completely negated.<ref>Clementi, ME and Misiti, F: Substitution of methionine 35 inhibits apoptotic effects of Abeta(31-35) and Abeta(25-35) fragments of amyloid-beta protein in PC12 cells., ''Med Sci Monit.'', Nov. 2005 </ref>

⚫ Norleucine's structural similarity to the naturally occurring amino acid ], has been used to show the roll of ] in ] (AβP) the central constituent of senile plaques in ]. A study showed that with the substitution of the ] at the 35 position with norleucine the neurotoxic effects of the Aβ peptides were completely negated.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Clementi, ME and Misiti, F | title = Substitution of methionine 35 inhibits apoptotic effects of Abeta(31-35) and Abeta(25-35) fragments of amyloid-beta protein in PC12 cells | journal = Med Sci Monit. | date = 2005 Nov | volume = 11 | issue = 11 | pages = BR381-5 | pmid= 16258386}}</ref>


== See also == == See also ==
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] ]


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Revision as of 00:40, 17 July 2014

Norleucine
Names
IUPAC name (2S)-2-Aminohexanoic acid
Other names Caprine
Glycoleucine
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
Beilstein Reference 1721748
ChEBI
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.009.512 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 210-462-7
Gmelin Reference 464584
KEGG
MeSH Norleucine
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • RC6308000
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-2-3-4-5(7)6(8)9/h5H,2-4,7H2,1H3,(H,8,9)Key: LRQKBLKVPFOOQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
  • CCCCC(N)C(O)=O
Properties
Chemical formula C6H13NO2
Molar mass 131.175 g·mol
Melting point 301 °C (decomposes)
Solubility in water 16 g/l at 23 °C
Acidity (pKa) 2.39 (carboxyl), 9.76 (amino)
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Norleucine (abbreviated as Nle) is an isomer of leucine, the α-amino acid 2-amino-hexanoic acid. It is not found in natural proteins. Norleucine is used in experimental studies of protein structure and function. It is structurally similar to methionine, however it does not contain sulfur. The use of the name norleucine is discouraged as it is a misnomer, given than nor is defined for an amino acid with one less methylene group than found in the proteinogenic form. As it is short, the systematic name is most appropriate.

Norleucine's structural similarity to the naturally occurring amino acid methionine, has been used to show the roll of methionine in Amyloid-β peptide (AβP) the central constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. A study showed that with the substitution of the methionine at the 35 position with norleucine the neurotoxic effects of the Aβ peptides were completely negated.

See also

  • Leucines, description of the isomers of leucine

References

  1. Hermann Römpp, Jürgen Falbe und Manfred Regitz: Römpp Lexikon Chemie, 9. Auflage, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1992.
  2. Sicherheitsdatenblatt Acros.
  3. Dawson, R.M.C., et al., Data for Biochemical Research, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1959.
  4. "Nomenclature and Symbolism For Amino Acids and Peptides". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 56 (5): 595–624. 1984.
  5. Clementi, ME and Misiti, F (2005 Nov). "Substitution of methionine 35 inhibits apoptotic effects of Abeta(31-35) and Abeta(25-35) fragments of amyloid-beta protein in PC12 cells". Med Sci Monit. 11 (11): BR381-5. PMID 16258386. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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