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| '''Phenothiazine''' is a ] and industrial chemical used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is sometimes used an ]. It was introduced by ] as an ] in ]. It is now most commonly used as an intermediate chemical in the manufacture of various ] drugs. | '''Phenothiazine''' (a ] derivative of ]) is a ] and industrial chemical used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is sometimes used an ]. It was introduced by ] as an ] in ]. It is now most commonly used as an intermediate chemical in the manufacture of various ] drugs. | ||
| ==Phenothiazine-derivative drugs== | ==Phenothiazine-derivative drugs== | ||
Revision as of 13:40, 6 July 2006
| Phenothiazine | |
|---|---|
| |
| General | |
| Systematic name | 10H-phenothiazine |
| Other names | thiodiphenylamine, dibenzothiazine |
| Molecular formula | C12H9NS |
| SMILES | ? |
| Molar mass | 199.2762 g/mol |
| Appearance | yellow rhombic leaflets or
diamond-shaped plates |
| CAS number | 92-84-2 |
| Properties | |
| Density and phase | ? g/cm, solid at STP |
| Soluble | benzene, ether, hot acetic acid,
ethanol (slightly), mineral oil (slightly) |
| Insoluble | water, petroleum ether, chloroform |
| Melting point | 185 °C |
| Boiling point | 371 °C |
| Acidity (pKa) | 2.520 |
| Basicity (pKb) | ? |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
Phenothiazine (a phenol derivative of thiazine) is a pesticide and industrial chemical used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is sometimes used an antihelminthic. It was introduced by DuPont as an insecticide in 1935. It is now most commonly used as an intermediate chemical in the manufacture of various psychiatric drugs.
Phenothiazine-derivative drugs
The word "phenothiazines" is used to describe the largest of the five main classes of antipsychotic drugs. Although these drugs are generally effective, there are often serious side effects including tardive dyskinesia and sedation (especially in the early stages of treatment).
There are three groups of phenothiazines, differing by their chemical structure and their pharmacological effects:
| Group | Autonomic | Example | Sedative | Extrapyramidal side-effect |
| Aliphatic compounds | ||||
| moderate | Chlorpromazine (Thorazine, Largactil) | strong | moderate | |
| Promazine | moderate | moderate | ||
| Triflupromazine (Vesprin) | strong | moderate/strong | ||
| Levomepromazine (Nozinan) | extremely strong | low | ||
| Piperidines | strong | Mesoridazine | strong | weak |
| Thioridazine (Mellaril) | strong | weak | ||
| Piperazines | weak | Fluphenazine | weak/moderate | strong |
| Perphenazine | weak/moderate | strong | ||
| Prochlorperazine (Compazine, Stemetil) | ||||
| Trifluoperazine (Stelazine) | moderate | strong |
References
- PubChem Substance Summary: Phenothiazine National Center for Biotechnology Information.
- History of Insecticides and Control Equipment Clemson University Pesticide Information Program.
- Hendricks, Christensen, J.B., and Kristiansen, Jette E. Sonderborg, Denmark. "Antibakterielle Eigenschaften der Phenothiazine: Eine Behandlungsoption für die Zukunft?" Chemotherapie Journal. 13.5. (2004): 203–205. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesesellschaft mbH. 21 August 2005. (PDF).
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