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| |capital_exile = <!-- If status="Exile" --> |latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= |national_motto = |national_anthem = |common_languages = ], ]|religion = ], ]|currency = <!-- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies --> |leader1 = <!-- Name of king or president --> |leader2 = |leader3 = |leader4 = |year_leader1 = <!-- Years served --> |year_leader2 = |year_leader3 = |year_leader4 = |title_leader = <!-- Default: "King" for monarchy, otherwise "President"--> |representative1 = <!-- Name of representative of head of state (e.g. colonial governor) --> |representative2 = |representative3 = |representative4 = |year_representative1 = <!-- Years served --> |year_representative2 = |year_representative3 = |year_representative4 = |title_representative = <!-- Default: "Governor"--> |deputy1 = <!-- Name of prime minister --> |deputy2 = |deputy3 = |deputy4 = |year_deputy1 = <!-- Years served --> |year_deputy2 = |year_deputy3 = |year_deputy4 = |title_deputy = <!-- Default: "Prime minister" --> <!-- Legislature --> |legislature = <!-- Name of legislature --> |house1 = <!-- Name of first chamber --> |type_house1 = <!-- Default: "Upper house"--> |house2 = <!-- Name of second chamber --> |type_house2 = <!-- Default: "Lower house"--> <!-- Area and population of a given year --> |stat_year1 = <!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both --> |stat_area1 = <!-- area in square kílometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated --> |stat_pop1 = <!-- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given --> |stat_year2 = |stat_area2 = |stat_pop2 = |stat_year3 = |stat_area3 = |stat_pop3 = |stat_year4 = |stat_area4 = |stat_pop4 = |stat_year5 = |stat_area5 = |stat_pop5 = |footnote_a = }} | |capital_exile = <!-- If status="Exile" --> |latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= |national_motto = |national_anthem = |common_languages = ], ]|religion = ], ]|currency = <!-- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies --> |leader1 = <!-- Name of king or president --> |leader2 = |leader3 = |leader4 = |year_leader1 = <!-- Years served --> |year_leader2 = |year_leader3 = |year_leader4 = |title_leader = <!-- Default: "King" for monarchy, otherwise "President"--> |representative1 = <!-- Name of representative of head of state (e.g. colonial governor) --> |representative2 = |representative3 = |representative4 = |year_representative1 = <!-- Years served --> |year_representative2 = |year_representative3 = |year_representative4 = |title_representative = <!-- Default: "Governor"--> |deputy1 = <!-- Name of prime minister --> |deputy2 = |deputy3 = |deputy4 = |year_deputy1 = <!-- Years served --> |year_deputy2 = |year_deputy3 = |year_deputy4 = |title_deputy = <!-- Default: "Prime minister" --> <!-- Legislature --> |legislature = <!-- Name of legislature --> |house1 = <!-- Name of first chamber --> |type_house1 = <!-- Default: "Upper house"--> |house2 = <!-- Name of second chamber --> |type_house2 = <!-- Default: "Lower house"--> <!-- Area and population of a given year --> |stat_year1 = <!-- year of the statistic, specify either area, population or both --> |stat_area1 = <!-- area in square kílometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated --> |stat_pop1 = <!-- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given --> |stat_year2 = |stat_area2 = |stat_pop2 = |stat_year3 = |stat_area3 = |stat_pop3 = |stat_year4 = |stat_area4 = |stat_pop4 = |stat_year5 = |stat_area5 = |stat_pop5 = |footnote_a = }} | ||
| The ] dynasty ruled Gujarat from c. 960 to 1243.<ref name="horace_glossary_punjab_nwfp">{{cite book| last =Rose| first =Horace Arthur|author2=Ibbetson| title =Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province| year =1990| publisher=Asian Educational Services| isbn =81-206-0505-5| pages =300}}</ref> Gujarat was a major center of Indian Ocean trade, and their capital at ] (]) was one of the largest cities in India, with population estimated at 100,000 in the year 1000. In 1026, the famous ] temple in Gujarat was destroyed by ]. After 1243, the ] chiefs of ] |
The ] dynasty ruled Gujarat from c. 960 to 1243.<ref name="horace_glossary_punjab_nwfp">{{cite book| last =Rose| first =Horace Arthur|author2=Ibbetson| title =Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province| year =1990| publisher=Asian Educational Services| isbn =81-206-0505-5| pages =300}}</ref> Gujarat was a major center of Indian Ocean trade, and their capital at ] (]) was one of the largest cities in India, with population estimated at 100,000 in the year 1000. In 1026, the famous ] temple in Gujarat was destroyed by ]. After 1243, the Solkanis lost control of Gujarat to their feudatories, of whom the ] chiefs of ] came to dominate Gujarat. In 1292 the Vaghelas became tributaries of the ] dynasty of ] in the ]. | ||
| ==Early |
==Early Gurjar clans == | ||
| Dadda, the founder of ] dynasty, established the ] rule at Nandipur (Nandol). Dadda III wrested ] from the Maitraks whose citadel had started shaking. In fact, there were three powerful dynasties which were ruling different parts of Gujarat: the Gurjars had their sway over the north, the ]s ruled the south and the Maitraks were saddled in Saurashtra. The vacuum created by the fall of the Maitraka dynasty was filled up by the ]s from the north and ]s from the south. | |||
| The Solanki is a Hindu Rajput clan that ruled parts of western and central India from the 10th to 13th centuries.In Present Majority of Solanki Rajput lived in Rajasthan or Gujrat.<ref>http://books.google.ae/books/about/Rajput_Clans_of_Gujarat.html?id=hxKOSQAACAAJ&redir_esc=y</ref> <ref>http://www.indianrajputs.com/history/solanki.php</ref> | |||
| It is said that Brahma created a young man from fire. He was holding a sword in one hand and Ved in the other. He came to be known as 'Chilonki' because it is believed that as Brahma had prepared the putla or human image on his hand, then had thrown it into fire, the man had born. It is said that the word got corrupted to 'Milonki' and later on to 'Solinki'. Another version is that their original name is Chaluka, because they were formed in the palm (chalu) of the hand. They were not very prominenet in rajputana, but were very prominent in the Deccan.<ref>http://books.google.ae/books/about/Salunkhe.html?id=ZC2kuAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y</ref> | |||
| As vassals of the Valabhis, ] or ]s<ref>{{cite book | title ='White Hun' Coin of Vyaghramukha of the Chapa (Gurjara) Dynasty of Bhinmal:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1999 | author =Vincent A. Smith | |||
| Here they were commonly called Chalukya, though in northern India the name Solanki is more common. As early as AD 350 Pulakesin I made himself master of the town of Vatapi, the modern Badami in the Bijapur District and founded a dynasty, which developed into the most powerful kingdom south of the Nerbudda, and lasted 2 centuries, when it was overthrown by the Rastrakuta Pulakesin II, one of this Chalukya dynasty successfully defended an inroad of the great emperor Harsha Vardhana of Kannauj, who aspired the conquest of the whole of India.<ref>http://books.google.ae/books/about/Solanki.html?id=Gr92cAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y</ref> | |||
| | publisher =Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland.| page =926|jstor=25210490 | quote =The chavadas seems to have been a branch of the ]s who extended the power of the race in the south | |||
| }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | |||
| The Rastrakuta kings governed for 2 centuries and in AD 973 Taila or Tailapa II, a scion of the old Chalukya stock, restored the family of his ancestors to its former glory and founded the dynasty known as that of the Chalukya of kalyan, which lasted like that which it superseeded for nearly 2 centuries and a quarter, up to AD 1190. In the 10th century apparaently another branch of the scion migrated from Rajputana into Gujarat and established a new dynasty there, owing to which Gujarat, which had formerly been known as Lata, obtained its present name. The principal king of this line was Sidh raj Solanki, which is well known to tradition. From these Chalukya or Solanki rulers the Baghel clan arose, which afetrwards migrated to Rewah. The Solankis are found UP and in small numbers in MP. | |||
| | title =History of mediaeval Hindu India, Volume 1 | author =Chintaman Vinayak Vaidya| publisher =Cosmo Publications | year =1979 | page =355 | |||
| |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=sXpDAAAAYAAJ&q=history+is+all+about+gurjara&dq=history+is+all+about+gurjara&lr=&cd=40 | |||
| The Maratha Salunkhes are descendents of Solanki Dynasty of Gujarat. Solankies ruled on Gujarat before 900 years. Solankies were descendents of Chalukyas of Karnataka in 6th to 8 century A.D. from Badami. Another branch of Chalukyas ruled between 973 A.D. to 1186 from Kalyan on Karnataka, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. Chalukyas were Jains and this tradition was also in Solankies.<ref>http://defenceforumindia.com/forum/military-history/52512-warriors-gujarat.html</ref> | |||
| }}</ref> held their sway over parts of north Gujarat. They assumed independent control after the fall of Valabhi. ], the most prominent of the eight Chavada kings, founded ] and the new capital at Anhilpur Patan. he reconquered his father's lost territories and founded the ] which lasted a shade under a century. | |||
| ==Solanki Princely States in 1947== | |||
| In 1947 Solanki Rajputs have Major four Princely state in india Bansda,Lunawada,Nasvadi and Sathmba.<ref>http://www.royalark.net/India/salute.htm</ref> | |||
| In present Lunawada is old and pure family of solanki .The ancestors of the family, descendants of Sidhraj, Raja of Anhilwara Patan, are said to have established themselves as Chiefs of Virpur in 1225, later in 1434, Rana Bhimsinghji moved his capital to Lunawada across the Mahi, establishing his state there. The State was tributary both to Baroda and to Gwalior, but the rights of the latter were transferred to the British Government in 1861. Lunawada is a Second Class state in Rewa Kantha Agency. The Maharana maintains a military force of 201 cavalry, 295 infantry, and 40 guns (as of 1892).<ref>http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/l/lunawada.html</ref> | |||
| ==Solanki rule== | ==Solanki rule== | ||
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| ==References == | ==References == | ||
| {{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| {{ |
{{Gurjar clans}} | ||
| {{Social groups of Gujarat}} | {{Social groups of Gujarat}} | ||
Revision as of 15:40, 9 September 2014
This article is about dynasty which ruled Gujarat. For clan name, see Solanki (clan).| Solanki dynasty | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. 960–1243 | |||||||||
| Capital | Anhilwad Patan | ||||||||
| Common languages | Old Gujarati, Prakrit | ||||||||
| Religion | Hinduism, Jainism | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| • Established | c. 960 | ||||||||
| • Disestablished | 1243 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Solanki dynasty ruled Gujarat from c. 960 to 1243. Gujarat was a major center of Indian Ocean trade, and their capital at Anhilwara (Patan) was one of the largest cities in India, with population estimated at 100,000 in the year 1000. In 1026, the famous Somnath temple in Gujarat was destroyed by Mahmud of Ghazni. After 1243, the Solkanis lost control of Gujarat to their feudatories, of whom the Vaghela chiefs of Dholka came to dominate Gujarat. In 1292 the Vaghelas became tributaries of the Yadava dynasty of Devagiri in the Deccan.
Early Gurjar clans
Dadda, the founder of Gurjara Pratihara dynasty, established the Gurjar rule at Nandipur (Nandol). Dadda III wrested Broach from the Maitraks whose citadel had started shaking. In fact, there were three powerful dynasties which were ruling different parts of Gujarat: the Gurjars had their sway over the north, the Chalukyas ruled the south and the Maitraks were saddled in Saurashtra. The vacuum created by the fall of the Maitraka dynasty was filled up by the Gurjara Pratiharas from the north and Rashtrakutas from the south.
As vassals of the Valabhis, Gurjar Chapa or Chavdas held their sway over parts of north Gujarat. They assumed independent control after the fall of Valabhi. Vanraj Chavda, the most prominent of the eight Chavada kings, founded Chavda dynasty and the new capital at Anhilpur Patan. he reconquered his father's lost territories and founded the Chapa (Gurjara) Dynasty which lasted a shade under a century.
Solanki rule
Mulraj
Samantsinh Chavda, the last Chavada ruler, did not have any son and he adopted Mulraj Solanki, his nephew, who overthrew him in 942 AD and set up what came to be known as the Solanki dynasty. He started expanding his frontiers and established his complete and total hold over Saurashtra and Kachchh by defeating Grahripu of Junagadh in Saurashtra and Lakho Fulani of Kachchh. Mulraj Solanki's reign marked the start of the most glorious period in the history of Gujarat during which Gujarati culture flowered as manifested in art, architecture, language and script. It is described as the golden period in Gujarat chequered history. Mulraj himself adopted the title of Gurjaresh, (King of Gurjardesh) an aristocratic title. The territoporieds under the sway of the Solanki dynasty same to be known by different variations of the word Gurjar like Gurjardesh, Gurjararastra, Gurjaratta and finally Gujarat.
Bhimdev I
Bhimdev I succeeded Mulraj. He built Modhera Sun Temple. His wife Udaymati built Rani ki vav in his memory.
The guardian family deity of the Solanki's was Somnath at Prabhas. Ironically, it was during the Solanki's rule that the scared shrine was sacked by Mahmud Ghazni who defiled and despoiled the fabulously rich shrine and put 50,000 Hindus to sword. The temple was destroyed with its Linga during the regime of Bhimdev I.
Karandev I
Bhimdev's successor Karandev I defeated a Bhil chieftain and founded Karnavati which is now known as Ahmedabad. Karandev married Minaldevi by whom he begot Siddhraj Jaisinh.
Siddhraj Jaisinh
Siddhraj Jayasinh succeeded Karandev I and ruled for 47 years from 1094 A.D. Jain monk Hemchandracharya rose to prominence and had good relation with the king. Apart from Saurashtra and Kachchh, Sidhraj Jaysinh also conquered Malwa. One of the favourite legends with the Gujarat bards is woven around the siege of Junagadh by Sidhraj Jaysinh. The fort was ultimately captured by him along with Ranakdevi, the Queen of the ruler Ra'Khengar. However, in the true tradition of the Kshatriyas, Ranakdevi preferred to commit 'sati' rather than marry Sidharaj Jaysinh. Sidharaj was persuaded to allow Ranakdevi to commit 'Sati' by burning herself on a pyre at Wadhvan. A temple was built on the hallowed place where she became 'Sati'. The temple still stands in Wadhavan, Saurashtra, as a mute testimony to the woman who preferred death to marriage with the person who had humbled her husband. The temple is called Ranakdevi's temple.
Kumarpal
Siddhraj's successor Kumarpal's reign lasted for 31 years from 1143 to 1174 AD. He too had good relationship with Hemchandracharya and he propagated Jainism during hid rule in Gujarat. He rebuilt Somnath temple.
Bal Mulraj
Bal Mulraj successfully repelled the incursions of Mahmud of Ghor who had the ambition of repeating the act performed by Mahmud Ghazni.
Legacy
Main article: Vaghela dynastyAfter the fall of Solanki rule, Vaghelas who were in the service of the Solanki's established a rather short-lived (76 years) but powerful dynasty. The two rulers of this dynasty, Virdhaval and Vishaldev, were responsible for consolidating the stabilizing the prosperity of Gujarat after the fall of the Solankis. While Vishaldev built the famous temples of Dabhoi and founded Vishalnagar, the credit for building magnificent temples at Abu, Girnar and Shetrunjay goes to two distinguished Dewans (chief ministers) - Vastupal and Tejpal - of Virdhaval. After the sack of the Somnath by Mahmud Ghazni, Kinlock Forbes, a British historian, had this to say "Mahmood of Ghuznee had hardly accomplished his disastrous homeward retreat, leaving behind him Unhilwara despoiled and Somnath a heap of ruins, when the sound of the hammer and the chisel was heard upon Arasoor and Aboo, and the stately fanes began to arise at Koobharea and Delwara, in which an elaboration almost incredible and a finish worthy of the hand of a Cellini, seemed to express the founder's steadfast refusal to believe in mlechh invaders, or iconoclastic destroyers, as other than the horrid phantom of a disturbing dream."
Karandev of the Vaghela dynasty was the last Hindu ruler of Gujarat. He was defeated and overthrown by the superior forces of Allauddin Khilji from Delhi in 1297. With his defeat Gujarat not only became part of the Muslim empire but the Gurjar Rajput hold over Gujarat lost for ever.
References
- Rose, Horace Arthur; Ibbetson (1990). Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province. Asian Educational Services. p. 300. ISBN 81-206-0505-5.
- Vincent A. Smith. 'White Hun' Coin of Vyaghramukha of the Chapa (Gurjara) Dynasty of Bhinmal:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 1999. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. p. 926. JSTOR 25210490.
The chavadas seems to have been a branch of the Gurjaras who extended the power of the race in the south
- Chintaman Vinayak Vaidya (1979). History of mediaeval Hindu India, Volume 1. Cosmo Publications. p. 355.
| Clans of the Gurjars | |
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| More |
| Gujarati people | |
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| Brahmin communities | |
| Warrior communities | |
| Mercantile communities | |
| Agricultural communities | |
| Pastoral communities | |
| Genealogist communities | |
| Artisan communities | |
| Tribal communities | |
| Muslim communities |
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| Jain communities | |
| Zoroastrian communities | |
| Other communities | |
| See also | |