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'''Luxembourg Leaks''' (sometimes shortened to '''Lux Leaks''' or '''LuxLeaks''') is the name of a collaborative journalistic investigation, based on confidential tax agreements in Luxembourg, released in November 2014. 80 journalists from media organizations around the globe collaboratively reviewed 28,000 pages.<ref>ICIJ, </ref> '''Luxembourg Leaks''' (sometimes shortened to '''Lux Leaks''' or '''LuxLeaks''') is the name of a collaborative journalistic investigation that released, for publication in November 2014, information about confidential official rulings under ] law approving tax agreements with over three hundred companies. Disclosure of the rulings attracted international attention.<ref>"Carr, Wayne and Kelly (2014) ‘Lux Leaks’ Revelations Bring Swift Response Around World", November 6, 2014, International Consortium of Investigative Journalists </ref>


The investigation was made by the ''International Consortium of Investigative Journalists'', launched in 1997 by ], founded 1989. The organization partnered with CNBC (USA),<ref>CNBC (USA), , “In a partnership with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, CNBC was able to (…)”</ref> CBC (Canada ),<ref>CBC (Canada), , (..) “the tax-avoidance plan was obtained by the Washington-based International Consortium of Investigative Journalists and shared with CBC News”(…)</ref> The Irish Times (Ireland),<ref>The Irish Times (Ireland), </ref> Le Monde (France),<ref>Le Monde (France), , “Dans une enquête réalisée en partenariat avec le consortium de journalisme d'investigation ICIJ et quarante medias étrangers (The Guardian au Royaume-Uni, le Süddeutsche Zeitung en Allemagne, la télévision publique canadienne Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, l' Asahi Shimbun au Japon, etc.), Le Monde révèle les dessous du système fiscal luxembourgeois.”</ref> Tagesanzeiger (Switzerland),<ref>Der Tagesanzeiger (Switzerland), </ref> Süddeutsche Zeitung (Germany),<ref>Süddeutsche Zeitung (Germany), </ref> Asahi Shimbun (Japan) <ref></ref> and many others. All documents are available online in a searchable database categorized by industry and cooperation published by the ICIJ<ref>ICIJ, </ref> and by other websites.<ref>, linked e.g. by The Irish Times, </ref> The leaked documents disclose tax rulings between Luxembourg and more than 340 companies worldwide to reduce tax payments.<ref>http://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/luxembourg-leaks-controversy-a-game-changer-1.1992650</ref><ref name=Guardian>{{cite web|title=Luxembourg tax files: how tiny state rubber-stamped tax avoidance on an industrial scale|url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/nov/05/-sp-luxembourg-tax-files-tax-avoidance-industrial-scale|website=The Guardian|accessdate=12 November 2014}}</ref> Foreign corporations started coming to Luxembourg in large numbers in the early 1990s, when Luxembourg adopted an EU directive that allowed companies to pay taxes in a European headquarters country other than where their subsidiaries operated.<ref></ref> Eighty journalists from media organizations around the globe had collaboratively reviewed 28,000 pages of documents.<ref>ICIJ, </ref> All documents are available online in a searchable database categorized by industry and cooperation published by the ICIJ<ref>ICIJ, </ref> and by other websites.<ref>, linked e.g. by The Irish Times, </ref> The documents disclose tax rulings between Luxembourg and more than 340 companies worldwide to reduce tax payments.<ref>http://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/luxembourg-leaks-controversy-a-game-changer-1.1992650</ref><ref name=Guardian>{{cite web|title=Luxembourg tax files: how tiny state rubber-stamped tax avoidance on an industrial scale|url=http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/nov/05/-sp-luxembourg-tax-files-tax-avoidance-industrial-scale|website=The Guardian|accessdate=12 November 2014}}</ref>


Foreign corporations started coming to Luxembourg in large numbers in the early 1990s, when Luxembourg adopted an ] that allowed companies to pay taxes in a European headquarters country other than where their subsidiaries operated.<ref></ref>
⚫ There have been no allegations that the deals were illegal under the law of Luxembourg.<ref name=Guardian/> The European commission has started an examination of two cases: The tax rulings between the tax authorities of Luxemburg and Amazon and Fiat finance may be illegal subsidies and thus violate EU rules on state aid. Some months prior to the leak Luxembourg refused to provide the EU with information about its tax rulings.<ref>European Commission, press release, , 7 October 2014</ref><ref>Global Policy Forum, , November 6, 2014</ref> The rulings have attracted international attention.<ref>"Carr, Wayne and Kelly (2014) ‘Lux Leaks’ Revelations Bring Swift Response Around World", November 6, 2014, International Consortium of Investigative Journalists </ref>

⚫ There have been no allegations that the deals were illegal under the law of Luxembourg.<ref name=Guardian/> The ] has started an examination of two cases: The tax rulings between the tax authorities of Luxemburg and Amazon and Fiat finance may be illegal subsidies and thus violate EU rules on state aid. Some months prior to the leak Luxembourg refused to provide the EU with information about its tax rulings.<ref>European Commission, press release, , 7 October 2014</ref><ref>Global Policy Forum, , November 6, 2014</ref>

The Lux Leaks investigation was made by the ''International Consortium of Investigative Journalists'', launched in 1997 by ], founded 1989. The organization partnered with CNBC (USA),<ref>CNBC (USA), , “In a partnership with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, CNBC was able to (…)”</ref> CBC (Canada ),<ref>CBC (Canada), , (..) “the tax-avoidance plan was obtained by the Washington-based International Consortium of Investigative Journalists and shared with CBC News”(…)</ref> The Irish Times (Ireland),<ref>The Irish Times (Ireland), </ref> Le Monde (France),<ref>Le Monde (France), , “Dans une enquête réalisée en partenariat avec le consortium de journalisme d'investigation ICIJ et quarante medias étrangers (The Guardian au Royaume-Uni, le Süddeutsche Zeitung en Allemagne, la télévision publique canadienne Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, l' Asahi Shimbun au Japon, etc.), Le Monde révèle les dessous du système fiscal luxembourgeois.”</ref> Tagesanzeiger (Switzerland),<ref>Der Tagesanzeiger (Switzerland), </ref> Süddeutsche Zeitung (Germany),<ref>Süddeutsche Zeitung (Germany), </ref> Asahi Shimbun (Japan) <ref></ref> and many others.


==See also== ==See also==

Revision as of 11:30, 15 November 2014

Luxembourg Leaks (sometimes shortened to Lux Leaks or LuxLeaks) is the name of a collaborative journalistic investigation that released, for publication in November 2014, information about confidential official rulings under Luxembourg law approving tax agreements with over three hundred companies. Disclosure of the rulings attracted international attention.

Eighty journalists from media organizations around the globe had collaboratively reviewed 28,000 pages of documents. All documents are available online in a searchable database categorized by industry and cooperation published by the ICIJ and by other websites. The documents disclose tax rulings between Luxembourg and more than 340 companies worldwide to reduce tax payments.

Foreign corporations started coming to Luxembourg in large numbers in the early 1990s, when Luxembourg adopted an EU directive that allowed companies to pay taxes in a European headquarters country other than where their subsidiaries operated.

There have been no allegations that the deals were illegal under the law of Luxembourg. The European Commission has started an examination of two cases: The tax rulings between the tax authorities of Luxemburg and Amazon and Fiat finance may be illegal subsidies and thus violate EU rules on state aid. Some months prior to the leak Luxembourg refused to provide the EU with information about its tax rulings.

The Lux Leaks investigation was made by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, launched in 1997 by Center for Public Integrity, founded 1989. The organization partnered with CNBC (USA), CBC (Canada ), The Irish Times (Ireland), Le Monde (France), Tagesanzeiger (Switzerland), Süddeutsche Zeitung (Germany), Asahi Shimbun (Japan) and many others.

See also

External links

References

  1. "Carr, Wayne and Kelly (2014) ‘Lux Leaks’ Revelations Bring Swift Response Around World", November 6, 2014, International Consortium of Investigative Journalists
  2. ICIJ, Luxembourg Leaks Stories Around the World
  3. ICIJ, Explore the Documents: Luxembourg Leaks Database
  4. Luxembourg Leaks – search the documents, linked e.g. by The Irish Times, Lux Leaks
  5. http://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/luxembourg-leaks-controversy-a-game-changer-1.1992650
  6. ^ "Luxembourg tax files: how tiny state rubber-stamped tax avoidance on an industrial scale". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 November 2014.
  7. Wall Street Journal, 21 October, 2014
  8. European Commission, press release, State aid: Commission investigates transfer pricing arrangements on corporate taxation of Amazon in Luxembourg, 7 October 2014
  9. Global Policy Forum, Luxembourg Leaks: Secret Tax Deals of Multinationals Exposed, November 6, 2014
  10. CNBC (USA), Taxes, multinational firms & Luxembourg—revealed, “In a partnership with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, CNBC was able to (…)”
  11. CBC (Canada), Federal pension board used offshore 'scheme' to skirt foreign taxes, (..) “the tax-avoidance plan was obtained by the Washington-based International Consortium of Investigative Journalists and shared with CBC News”(…)
  12. The Irish Times (Ireland), Northern and Shell used west Dublin address to cut Luxembourg tax bill on €1bn
  13. Le Monde (France), Le Luxembourg, plaque tournante de l’évasion fiscal, “Dans une enquête réalisée en partenariat avec le consortium de journalisme d'investigation ICIJ et quarante medias étrangers (The Guardian au Royaume-Uni, le Süddeutsche Zeitung en Allemagne, la télévision publique canadienne Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, l' Asahi Shimbun au Japon, etc.), Le Monde révèle les dessous du système fiscal luxembourgeois.”
  14. Der Tagesanzeiger (Switzerland), Luxemburgs Milliardenrabatte für Grosskonzerne
  15. Süddeutsche Zeitung (Germany), Konzerne ertricksen sich in Luxemburg Milliarden an Steuern
  16. Asahi Shimbun (Japan)
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